Android 9 (P)静默安装/卸载App适配终极指南

Android 9 (P)开发适配指南系列博客目录：

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Android 9 (P)版本解决VNDK library: XXX’s ABI has EXTENDING CHANGES
Android 9 (P)非SDK API限制调用开发指南
Android 9 (P)适配以太网功能开发指南
Android 9 (P)在user模式下无法使用fastboot烧录怎么破
Android 9 (P)静默安装/卸载App适配终极指南

引言

公司最近上马了Android 9和10的平台，我们也得哼哧哼哧的进行相关的开发。我只能说谷歌的工程师为了KPI考核对Android修改的老开心了，可苦了我们啊。这不今天在进行Android的静默安装的API封装，尼玛原来的相关接口都没有了。那么今天要说的就是在Android P上面怎么实施静默安装/卸载接口的封装。这个感觉直接上代码有点太残暴了，还是先分析下基本面，然后上封装好的接口比较好。

一. 前期知识准备

在开始上代码之前，让我们来先说说Android P的安装和卸载原理：
Android P 上采用类似 socket 的方式与 server 端通信完成安装，其中Session是重点

其中有如下几个点是我们要重点关注的如下：

PackageInstaller

根据官方文档，PackageInstaller 提供了安装、更新以及卸载等功能，其中包括单 APK 和多 APK 安装。
具体的安装行为是通过 PackageInstaller 内部的 Session 完成的。所有的应用都有权限创建这个 Session，但是可能会需要用户的确认才能完成安装（权限不足）。

Session

创建 Session 可以为其指定参数 SessionParams，其中一个作用就是要全部替换还是局部替换 MODE_FULL_INSTALL 和 MODE_INHERIT_EXISTING

如何安装？

通过 IO 流的方式向 Session 内输送 apk 数据。具体代码可以看下文。需要注意的是，PackageInsatller 对于安装结果回调没有采用普通的函数回调，而是采用 Intent 的方式完成回调，比如广播等(可以参考下面两个实例)。

二. 开干

静默安装时比较高的权限，一般应用是不能的，所以必须具备system权限，这个是前提。好了不多说啥了，直接上代码。

2.1 实例代码

/** Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.* You may obtain a copy of the License at**      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/package com.xxx.android9_api;// Need the following import to get access to the app resources, since this
// class is in a sub-package.
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentSender;
import android.content.pm.PackageInstaller;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;/*** Demonstration of package installation and uninstallation using the package installer Session* API.** @see InstallApk for a demo of the original (non-Session) API.*/
public class InstallApkSessionApi extends Activity {private static final String PACKAGE_INSTALLED_ACTION ="com.xxx.install";private static final String PACKAGE_UNINSTALLED_ACTION ="com.xxx.uninstall";private static final String TAG = "install";@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.install_apk_session_api);// Watch for button clicks.Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.install);button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {public void onClick(View v) {PackageInstaller.Session session = null;try {//获取PackageInstaller对象PackageInstaller packageInstaller = getPackageManager().getPackageInstaller();PackageInstaller.SessionParams params = new PackageInstaller.SessionParams(PackageInstaller.SessionParams.MODE_FULL_INSTALL);//创建一个Sessionint sessionId = packageInstaller.createSession(params);//建立和PackageManager的socket通道，Android中的通信不仅仅有Binder还有很多其它的session = packageInstaller.openSession(sessionId);//将App的内容通过session传输addApkToInstallSession("HelloActivity.apk", session);// Create an install status receiver.Context context = InstallApkSessionApi.this;Intent intent = new Intent(context, InstallApkSessionApi.class);intent.setAction(PACKAGE_INSTALLED_ACTION);PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, intent, 0);IntentSender statusReceiver = pendingIntent.getIntentSender();// Commit the session (this will start the installation workflow).//开启安装session.commit(statusReceiver);} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't install package", e);} catch (RuntimeException e) {if (session != null) {session.abandon();}throw e;}}});Button uninstall = (Button)findViewById(R.id.uninstall);uninstall.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View arg0) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubuninstall("com.example.android.helloactivity");}});}private void addApkToInstallSession(String assetName, PackageInstaller.Session session)throws IOException {// It's recommended to pass the file size to openWrite(). Otherwise installation may fail// if the disk is almost full.try (OutputStream packageInSession = session.openWrite("package", 0, -1);InputStream is = getAssets().open(assetName)) {byte[] buffer = new byte[16384];int n;while ((n = is.read(buffer)) >= 0) {packageInSession.write(buffer, 0, n);}}}// Note: this Activity must run in singleTop launchMode for it to be able to receive the intent// in onNewIntent().//此处一定要运行单例模式或者singleTop模式，否则会一直创建该Activity@Overrideprotected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();Log.e(TAG, intent.toString());if (PACKAGE_INSTALLED_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())) {Log.e(TAG, intent.getAction());int status = extras.getInt(PackageInstaller.EXTRA_STATUS);String message = extras.getString(PackageInstaller.EXTRA_STATUS_MESSAGE);switch (status) {case PackageInstaller.STATUS_PENDING_USER_ACTION:// This test app isn't privileged, so the user has to confirm the install.Intent confirmIntent = (Intent) extras.get(Intent.EXTRA_INTENT);startActivity(confirmIntent);break;case PackageInstaller.STATUS_SUCCESS:Toast.makeText(this, "Install succeeded!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Log.e(TAG,"Install succeeded!");break;case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_ABORTED:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_BLOCKED:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_CONFLICT:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_INCOMPATIBLE:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_INVALID:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_STORAGE:Toast.makeText(this, "Install failed! " + status + ", " + message,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Log.e(TAG,"Install failed! " + status + ", " + message);break;default:Toast.makeText(this, "Unrecognized status received from installer: " + status,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Log.e(TAG,"Unrecognized status received from installer: " + status);}}else if(PACKAGE_UNINSTALLED_ACTION.equals(intent.getAction())){Log.e(TAG, intent.getAction());int status = extras.getInt(PackageInstaller.EXTRA_STATUS);String message = extras.getString(PackageInstaller.EXTRA_STATUS_MESSAGE);switch (status) {case PackageInstaller.STATUS_PENDING_USER_ACTION:// This test app isn't privileged, so the user has to confirm the install.Intent confirmIntent = (Intent) extras.get(Intent.EXTRA_INTENT);startActivity(confirmIntent);break;case PackageInstaller.STATUS_SUCCESS:Toast.makeText(this, "Uninstall succeeded!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Log.e(TAG,"Uninstall succeeded!");break;case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_ABORTED:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_BLOCKED:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_CONFLICT:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_INCOMPATIBLE:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_INVALID:case PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE_STORAGE:Toast.makeText(this, "Install failed! " + status + ", " + message,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Log.e(TAG,"Uninstall failed! " + status + ", " + message);break;default:Toast.makeText(this, "Unrecognized status received from installer: " + status,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();Log.e(TAG,"Unrecognized status received from installer: " + status);}}}/*** 根据包名卸载应用** @param packageName*/public void uninstall(String packageName) {Intent broadcastIntent = new Intent(this, InstallApkSessionApi.class);broadcastIntent.setAction(PACKAGE_UNINSTALLED_ACTION);PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, broadcastIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);PackageInstaller packageInstaller = getPackageManager().getPackageInstaller();packageInstaller.uninstall(packageName, pendingIntent.getIntentSender());}}

2.2 代码分析

好了实例代码，已经编写OK，让我们简单分析一下，及其步骤：
安装流程

通过PackageManagerService获取getPackageInstaller对象
通过packageInstaller调用openSession创建PackageInstaller.Session
将要静默安装的app写入Session中
然后调用Session的commit开始安装

卸载流程：比较简单就不细述了。

这里需要注意的是这个测试Activiyt的Mode必须是此处一定要运行单例模式或者singleTop模式，否则会一直创建该Activity。

2.3 运行实例演示

运行实例，静默安装和卸载成功。

msm8953_64:/ # logcat  -s install
--------- beginning of main
--------- beginning of system
01-15 02:10:45.258  7087  7087 E install : Intent { act=com.xxx.install flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.xxx.android9_api/.InstallApkSessionApi (has extras) }
01-15 02:10:45.259  7087  7087 E install : com.xxx.install
01-15 02:10:45.304  7087  7087 E install : Install succeeded!
01-15 02:10:48.340  7087  7087 E install : Intent { act=com.xxx.uninstall flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.xxx.android9_api/.InstallApkSessionApi (has extras) }
01-15 02:10:48.340  7087  7087 E install : com.xxx.uninstall
01-15 02:10:48.372  7087  7087 E install : Uninstall succeeded!

三.进阶版本

上边的是通过广播异步的完成静默安装和卸载，那么有没有同步的呢！我这暴脾气就不信了，没有同步的方式可以做到。我头悬梁，锥刺股终于实现了。下面提供一下我封装的接口，供各位参考，希望能对大家有帮助。

package com.xxxdroid.compat;import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.IIntentReceiver;
import android.content.IIntentSender;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentSender;
import android.content.pm.PackageInstaller;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;public class PackageMgrCompat {private static final String TAG = "PackageMgrCompat_v28_later";private Context mContext;private PackageManager mPackageManager;public PackageMgrCompat(Context context) {mContext = context;mPackageManager = context.getPackageManager();}@SuppressLint("InlinedApi")public boolean deletePackage(String pkgName, int unInstallFlags) {final LocalIntentReceiver localReceiver = new LocalIntentReceiver();getPi().uninstall(pkgName,unInstallFlags | PackageManager.DELETE_ALL_USERS,localReceiver.getIntentSender());final Intent result = localReceiver.getResult();synchronized (localReceiver) {final int status = result.getIntExtra(PackageInstaller.EXTRA_STATUS,PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE);if (status != PackageInstaller.STATUS_SUCCESS) {Log.e(TAG, "UnInstallation should have succeeded, but got code "+ status);return false;} else {Log.e(TAG, "UnInstallation  have succeeded");return true;}}}@SuppressLint("InlinedApi")public int installPackage(File apkFilePath) {Log.w(TAG, "installPackage pkg: " + apkFilePath);PackageInstaller.SessionParams params = new PackageInstaller.SessionParams(PackageInstaller.SessionParams.MODE_FULL_INSTALL);PackageInstaller.Session session = null;// 创建一个Sessiontry {int sessionId = getPi().createSession(params);// 建立和PackageManager的socket通道，Android中的通信不仅仅有Binder还有很多其它的session = getPi().openSession(sessionId);} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();return PackageManager.INSTALL_FAILED_INVALID_APK;}addApkToInstallSession(apkFilePath, session);final LocalIntentReceiver localReceiver = new LocalIntentReceiver();session.commit(localReceiver.getIntentSender());final Intent result = localReceiver.getResult();synchronized (localReceiver) {final int status = result.getIntExtra(PackageInstaller.EXTRA_STATUS,PackageInstaller.STATUS_FAILURE);if (session != null) {session.close();}if (status != PackageInstaller.STATUS_SUCCESS) {Log.e(TAG, "Installation should have succeeded, but got code "+ status);return status;} else {Log.e(TAG, "Installation  have succeeded");return status;}}}private boolean addApkToInstallSession(File apkFilePath,PackageInstaller.Session session) {InputStream in = null;OutputStream out = null;boolean success = false;try {out = session.openWrite("base.apk", 0, apkFilePath.length());in = new FileInputStream(apkFilePath);int total = 0, c;byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];while ((c = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {total += c;out.write(buffer, 0, c);}session.fsync(out);Log.d(TAG, "streamed " + total + " bytes");success = true;} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (null != session) {session.close();}try {if (null != out) {out.close();}if (null != in) {in.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return success;}private static class LocalIntentReceiver {private final SynchronousQueue<Intent> mResult = new SynchronousQueue<>();private IIntentSender.Stub mLocalSender = new IIntentSender.Stub() {@Overridepublic void send(int code, Intent intent, String resolvedType,IBinder whitelistToken, IIntentReceiver finishedReceiver,String requiredPermission, Bundle options) {try {mResult.offer(intent, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);} catch (InterruptedException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}};public IntentSender getIntentSender() {return new IntentSender((IIntentSender) mLocalSender);}public Intent getResult() {try {return mResult.take();} catch (InterruptedException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}}private PackageManager getPm() {return mContext.getPackageManager();}private PackageInstaller getPi() {return getPm().getPackageInstaller();}
}

3.2 运行实例演示

运行实例，静默安装和卸载成功。

λ adb logcat  -s PackageMgrCompat_v28_later
--------- beginning of main
--------- beginning of system
01-15 07:59:49.035  6251  6251 W PackageMgrCompat_v28_later: installPackage pkg: /data/HelloActivity.apk
01-15 07:59:49.329  6251  6251 D PackageMgrCompat_v28_later: streamed 12770 bytes
01-15 07:59:50.801  6251  6251 E PackageMgrCompat_v28_later: Installation  have succeeded
01-15 07:59:53.111  6251  6251 E PackageMgrCompat_v28_later: deletePackage not implemented yet!
01-15 07:59:53.593  6251  6251 E PackageMgrCompat_v28_later: UnInstallation  have succeeded

写在最后

文章至此，关于Android P静默安装和卸载的封装就结束了，如果想更详细的了解那么就只能跟读Android FrameWork的源码了。我也在跟进中，各位如果有兴趣也可以一起聊聊。如果对各位有帮助的话麻烦点个赞或者拍个砖。