python 爬虫第一周：学会爬取网页信息

1、安装库

确保python和系统的版本一致，32 or 64 ，

pip --version 查看pip版本

Soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')

汤汤料食谱

安装lxml 库 pip install lxml Successfully installed lxml-4.2.5

一般情况下使用lxml可获得高效率和易用性。参考文献：https://www.cnblogs.com/qijj/p/6265308.html

安装beautifulsoup4库 pip install beautifulsoup4 Successfully installed beautifulsoup4-4.6.3

安装requests 库 pip install requests

2、选择简单网页进行爬取

css.selector 谁在哪第几个样式

xpath 谁在哪第几个

:nth-of-type(2) 表示枚举类型，去掉可选择全部

print(p,h1,sep='\n----------------\n') 步进

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
with open（'文件名'）as web:Soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data,'html.parser')ps = Soup.select('body > p')#遍历
for p in ps:print(p.get_text())Soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data,'lxml')images=Soup.select('body>div.main-content>ul>li:nth-of-type[1]>img')print(images,sep='\n----------------\n') )#构造字典
for p,h1 in zip(ps,h1s):data = {'p'  : p.get_text(),'h1' : h1.get_text(),#'images' : image.get('src'),    获取标签下属性#'cate'   : list(cate.stripped_strings), 获取标签下所有的文字表述，并将其列表化 同时获取标签的时候需要将上层进行父目录描述(实用多层多标签)}print(data)info.append(data)for i in infp：if float(i['rate']>3)print(i['title'])

find()查找第一个匹配结果出现的地方，find_all()找到所有匹配结果出现的地方。

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3、爬取真实网页

分析Request 中的多种方法，主要get post

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import time'''
url="https://www.tripadvisor.cn/Hotels-g297435-Zhengzhou_Henan-Hotels.html"
wb_date = requests.get(url)#time.sleep(4)
#soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_date.text,'html.parser')
soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_date.text,'lxml')
#print(soup)#特征枚举  a[target="_blank"]
#titles = soup.select('div.listing_title > a')
titles = soup.select('div.listing_title > a[target="_blank"]')
#属性枚举，也可以是img[width="160"]
images = soup.select('img[width="160"]')
#images = soup.select('div.aspect.is-shown-at-tablet > div')cates  = soup.select('ul.icons_list.easyClear.vertical  ')
#cates  = soup.select('div.prw_rup.prw_common_hotel_icons_list.linespace.is-shown-at-tablet > ul.icons_list.easyClear.vertical  ')print(titles,images,cates,sep='\n----------------\n')
for title,image,cate in zip(titles,images,cates):data={'title' : title.get_text(),'image' : image.get('style'),'cate'  : list(cate.stripped_strings),  #计取该url里面的字符}print(data)'''

图片地址一致，因为做了爬取保护，后续进行js相关拆解

#############################

最主要的分析selector，有些div里面的style不能获取了，需要后续用xpath进行特别解析，后续在学习

需要注意time.sleep 规避风险

添加headers，然后规避登录爬取

headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.112 Safari/537.36','Cookie':'Cookie:ServerPool=X; TART=%1%enc%3AWNNiywND7UDd4mtKuGrbic701EqT0AcfEyAaNC44B6H%2FjXTq9TwDjSvLr98FqbW3YyDA5hAqKF0%3D; TAUnique=%1%enc%3A77tOz8SXtDmNIOhtYd%2Fb4lOFokdL0I8%2BcjHDjIu3EivLH0eO5X1%2BTQ%3D%3D; TASSK=enc%3AANo2G5t7Uh9fwFdwPxMcYfKRwZiAkMEUZ72ZSL%2FaZTIl2O02UObg5VjVU7V8T00eIi2D0HDEfyqaughFkPNWG%2FUfVzTRdTVoLo2Woe39wNkbXOFwpR5ruOKXQ%2Bor2FVb7w%3D%3D; TAPD=tripadvisor.cn; __gads=ID=cd1c4823fdd8b65c:T=1539416662:S=ALNI_MZHvSkLFR17eMnRyunj7Wy0mD8OBw; BEPIN=%1%1666c64c72a%3Busr02t.daodao.com%3A10023%3B; VRMCID=%1%V1*id.12019*llp.%2F*e.1540023072752; TATravelInfo=V2*AY.2018*AM.10*AD.22*DY.2018*DM.10*DD.23*A.2*MG.-1*HP.2*FL.3*DSM.1539418304313*AZ.1*RS.1; CommercePopunder=SuppressAll*1539568223481; TAAuth3=3%3A3beb3899e89d6095fd7c36a1a60eaed4%3AAA2GuKLiIuC8%2BBxIBl3rfOZId1civRJB5HsoiAf2mw4UBClcrZmVGpXZfuWpoX2jzQkiylTE2mHvlQkNhooIRo2IUE9T7RKlzILBKKVhw%2FbS07egfquPgL0mNC6a7Nu8l6GCWLcRblaTgXKiX3O1ee2AWAMIr2lnglZ0byy4%2Biqi5PW%2F6ixEfWcIQtDnWeDPJQ%3D%3D; _smt_uid=5bc1a252.5b8541f4; CM=%1%HanaPersist%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMobSess%2C%2C-1%7Ct4b-pc%2C%2C-1%7CHanaSession%2C%2C-1%7CRestAds%2FRPers%2C%2C-1%7CRCPers%2C%2C-1%7CWShadeSeen%2C%2C-1%7CFtrPers%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkMCCPers%2C%2C-1%7CHomeASess%2C7%2C-1%7CPremiumSURPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMCSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestPartSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestPremRSess%2C%2C-1%7CCCSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremRetPers%2C%2C-1%7CViatorMCPers%2C%2C-1%7Csesssticker%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumORSess%2C%2C-1%7Ct4b-sc%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsPers%2C%2C-1%7CMC_IB_UPSELL_IB_LOGOS2%2C%2C-1%7Cb2bmcpers%2C%2C-1%7CPremMCBtmSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumSURSess%2C%2C-1%7CMC_IB_UPSELL_IB_LOGOS%2C%2C-1%7CLaFourchette+Banners%2C%2C-1%7Csess_rev%2C%2C-1%7Csessamex%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumRRSess%2C%2C-1%7CTADORSess%2C%2C-1%7CAdsRetPers%2C%2C-1%7CTARSWBPers%2C%2C-1%7CSaveFtrPers%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCSess%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkORSess%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkRRSess%2C%2C-1%7Cpers_rev%2C%2C-1%7CMetaFtrSess%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCWBPers%2C%2C-1%7CRBAPers%2C%2C-1%7CWAR_RESTAURANT_FOOTER_PERSISTANT%2C%2C-1%7CFtrSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestAds%2FRSess%2C%2C-1%7CHomeAPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMobPers%2C%2C-1%7CRCSess%2C%2C-1%7CLaFourchette+MC+Banners%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsCCSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestPartPers%2C%2C-1%7CRestPremRPers%2C%2C-1%7Csh%2C%2C-1%7Cpssamex%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkMCCSess%2C%2C-1%7CCCPers%2C%2C-1%7CWAR_RESTAURANT_FOOTER_SESSION%2C%2C-1%7Cb2bmcsess%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremRetSess%2C%2C-1%7CViatorMCSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMCPers%2C%2C-1%7CAdsRetSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumRRPers%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsCCPers%2C%2C-1%7CTADORPers%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkORPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremMCBtmPers%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkRRPers%2C%2C-1%7CTARSWBSess%2C%2C-1%7CSaveFtrSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumORPers%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsSess%2C%2C-1%7CRBASess%2C%2C-1%7CSPORPers%2C%2C-1%7Cperssticker%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCWBSess%2C%2C-1%7CMetaFtrPers%2C%2C-1%7C; TAReturnTo=%1%%2FHotel_Review-g297435-d299580-Reviews-Sofitel_Zhengzhou-Zhengzhou_Henan.html; roybatty=TNI1625!AKKWGBebJveNg6PZTbvfSQcOX3XuNnB55%2Foe83gabZH9o3Fjt2lxuFIHMaYjr3181E%2Fa9bWfbKeo%2BLKBVOz7UIheCDCRn1TkWGHZ7cFWUn7qpFcByvhrSPmmQBBO6T%2FIp4MmnQR58jZkKkRgoorxFjn41jsR%2BAiM0x97I2DvYeTA%2C1; _ga=GA1.2.1112689405.1539416640; _gid=GA1.2.1530960083.1539568227; ki_t=1539416658753%3B1539568238567%3B1539590215170%3B2%3B20; ki_r=; TASession=%1%V2ID.CE28DFC444EE9ABD2568A44D8846D16E*SQ.245*MC.12019*LR.https%3A%2F%2Fwww%5C.baidu%5C.com%2Flink%3Furl%3D5UiQPWfIhWfHq2_A2lSu_2T1c565rgmWjmGVcfYuoYibBfelpBsxgjZkMS6AqgjJ%26wd%3D%26eqid%3Df990134c00004212000000045bc1a899*LP.%2F*LS.DemandLoadAjax*PD13481.1*GR.59*TCPAR.5*TBR.64*EXEX.96*ABTR.38*PHTB.38*FS.14*CPU.55*HS.recommended*ES.popularity*AS.popularity*DS.5*SAS.popularity*FPS.oldFirst*TS.89131EFDCAF9A3688643020151043A67*LF.zhCN*FA.1*DF.0*IR.3*OD.zh*MS.-1*RMS.-1*FLO.1580992*TRA.false*LD.299580; TAUD=LA-1539416640622-1*RDD-1-2018_10_13*HC-1635559*HDD-1648076-2018_10_21.2018_10_22*HD-1665296-2018_10_22.2018_10_23.297435*G-1665297-2.1.297435.*LD-176188859-2018.10.22.2018.10.23*LG-176188862-2.1.T.*ARDD-176188863-2018_10_222018_10_23',}url_saves = 'https://www.tripadvisor.cn/Saves/1394680'
wb_data = requests.get(url_saves,headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'html.parser')
print(soup)
titles = soup.select('a.title')
images = soup.select('a.thumbnail')print(titles,images)

对于爬取多页的需要构造循环函数进行抓取

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  ######对比serverpy
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import timeurl="https://www.tripadvisor.cn/Hotels-g297435-Zhengzhou_Henan-Hotels.html"
###构建多个链接解析式
urls = ["https://www.tripadvisor.cn/Hotels-g297435-oa{}-Zhengzhou_Henan-Hotels.html".format(str(i)) for i in range(30,930,30)]
url_saves = 'https://www.tripadvisor.cn/Saves/1394680'
url_mobile='https://www.tripadvisor.cn/Hotels-g297435-oa90-Zhengzhou_Henan-Hotels.html'url_zuoye = 'http://bj.xiaozhu.com/fangzi/31387618603.html'headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.112 Safari/537.36','Cookie':'ServerPool=X; TART=%1%enc%3AWNNiywND7UDd4mtKuGrbic701EqT0AcfEyAaNC44B6H%2FjXTq9TwDjSvLr98FqbW3YyDA5hAqKF0%3D; TAUnique=%1%enc%3A77tOz8SXtDmNIOhtYd%2Fb4lOFokdL0I8%2BcjHDjIu3EivLH0eO5X1%2BTQ%3D%3D; TASSK=enc%3AANo2G5t7Uh9fwFdwPxMcYfKRwZiAkMEUZ72ZSL%2FaZTIl2O02UObg5VjVU7V8T00eIi2D0HDEfyqaughFkPNWG%2FUfVzTRdTVoLo2Woe39wNkbXOFwpR5ruOKXQ%2Bor2FVb7w%3D%3D; TAPD=tripadvisor.cn; __gads=ID=cd1c4823fdd8b65c:T=1539416662:S=ALNI_MZHvSkLFR17eMnRyunj7Wy0mD8OBw; BEPIN=%1%1666c64c72a%3Busr02t.daodao.com%3A10023%3B; VRMCID=%1%V1*id.12019*llp.%2F*e.1540023072752; TATravelInfo=V2*AY.2018*AM.10*AD.22*DY.2018*DM.10*DD.23*A.2*MG.-1*HP.2*FL.3*DSM.1539418304313*AZ.1*RS.1; CommercePopunder=SuppressAll*1539568223481; TAAuth3=3%3A3beb3899e89d6095fd7c36a1a60eaed4%3AAA2GuKLiIuC8%2BBxIBl3rfOZId1civRJB5HsoiAf2mw4UBClcrZmVGpXZfuWpoX2jzQkiylTE2mHvlQkNhooIRo2IUE9T7RKlzILBKKVhw%2FbS07egfquPgL0mNC6a7Nu8l6GCWLcRblaTgXKiX3O1ee2AWAMIr2lnglZ0byy4%2Biqi5PW%2F6ixEfWcIQtDnWeDPJQ%3D%3D; _smt_uid=5bc1a252.5b8541f4; CM=%1%HanaPersist%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMobSess%2C%2C-1%7Ct4b-pc%2C%2C-1%7CHanaSession%2C%2C-1%7CRestAds%2FRPers%2C%2C-1%7CRCPers%2C%2C-1%7CWShadeSeen%2C%2C-1%7CFtrPers%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkMCCPers%2C%2C-1%7CHomeASess%2C7%2C-1%7CPremiumSURPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMCSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestPartSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestPremRSess%2C%2C-1%7CCCSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremRetPers%2C%2C-1%7CViatorMCPers%2C%2C-1%7Csesssticker%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumORSess%2C%2C-1%7Ct4b-sc%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsPers%2C%2C-1%7CMC_IB_UPSELL_IB_LOGOS2%2C%2C-1%7Cb2bmcpers%2C%2C-1%7CPremMCBtmSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumSURSess%2C%2C-1%7CMC_IB_UPSELL_IB_LOGOS%2C%2C-1%7CLaFourchette+Banners%2C%2C-1%7Csess_rev%2C%2C-1%7Csessamex%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumRRSess%2C%2C-1%7CTADORSess%2C%2C-1%7CAdsRetPers%2C%2C-1%7CTARSWBPers%2C%2C-1%7CSaveFtrPers%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCSess%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkORSess%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkRRSess%2C%2C-1%7Cpers_rev%2C%2C-1%7CMetaFtrSess%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCWBPers%2C%2C-1%7CRBAPers%2C%2C-1%7CWAR_RESTAURANT_FOOTER_PERSISTANT%2C%2C-1%7CFtrSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestAds%2FRSess%2C%2C-1%7CHomeAPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMobPers%2C%2C-1%7CRCSess%2C%2C-1%7CLaFourchette+MC+Banners%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsCCSess%2C%2C-1%7CRestPartPers%2C%2C-1%7CRestPremRPers%2C%2C-1%7Csh%2C%2C-1%7Cpssamex%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkMCCSess%2C%2C-1%7CCCPers%2C%2C-1%7CWAR_RESTAURANT_FOOTER_SESSION%2C%2C-1%7Cb2bmcsess%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremRetSess%2C%2C-1%7CViatorMCSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumMCPers%2C%2C-1%7CAdsRetSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumRRPers%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsCCPers%2C%2C-1%7CTADORPers%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkORPers%2C%2C-1%7CPremMCBtmPers%2C%2C-1%7CTheForkRRPers%2C%2C-1%7CTARSWBSess%2C%2C-1%7CSaveFtrSess%2C%2C-1%7CPremiumORPers%2C%2C-1%7CRestAdsSess%2C%2C-1%7CRBASess%2C%2C-1%7CSPORPers%2C%2C-1%7Cperssticker%2C%2C-1%7CSPMCWBSess%2C%2C-1%7CMetaFtrPers%2C%2C-1%7C; TAReturnTo=%1%%2FHotel_Review-g297435-d299580-Reviews-Sofitel_Zhengzhou-Zhengzhou_Henan.html; roybatty=TNI1625!AKKWGBebJveNg6PZTbvfSQcOX3XuNnB55%2Foe83gabZH9o3Fjt2lxuFIHMaYjr3181E%2Fa9bWfbKeo%2BLKBVOz7UIheCDCRn1TkWGHZ7cFWUn7qpFcByvhrSPmmQBBO6T%2FIp4MmnQR58jZkKkRgoorxFjn41jsR%2BAiM0x97I2DvYeTA%2C1; _ga=GA1.2.1112689405.1539416640; _gid=GA1.2.1530960083.1539568227; ki_t=1539416658753%3B1539568238567%3B1539590215170%3B2%3B20; ki_r=; TASession=%1%V2ID.CE28DFC444EE9ABD2568A44D8846D16E*SQ.245*MC.12019*LR.https%3A%2F%2Fwww%5C.baidu%5C.com%2Flink%3Furl%3D5UiQPWfIhWfHq2_A2lSu_2T1c565rgmWjmGVcfYuoYibBfelpBsxgjZkMS6AqgjJ%26wd%3D%26eqid%3Df990134c00004212000000045bc1a899*LP.%2F*LS.DemandLoadAjax*PD13481.1*GR.59*TCPAR.5*TBR.64*EXEX.96*ABTR.38*PHTB.38*FS.14*CPU.55*HS.recommended*ES.popularity*AS.popularity*DS.5*SAS.popularity*FPS.oldFirst*TS.89131EFDCAF9A3688643020151043A67*LF.zhCN*FA.1*DF.0*IR.3*OD.zh*MS.-1*RMS.-1*FLO.1580992*TRA.false*LD.299580; TAUD=LA-1539416640622-1*RDD-1-2018_10_13*HC-1635559*HDD-1648076-2018_10_21.2018_10_22*HD-1665296-2018_10_22.2018_10_23.297435*G-1665297-2.1.297435.*LD-176188859-2018.10.22.2018.10.23*LG-176188862-2.1.T.*ARDD-176188863-2018_10_222018_10_23',}headers_mobile = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 9_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0 Mobile/13B143 Safari/601.1',}def get_attractions(url,data=None):wb_date = requests.get(url)time.sleep(2) #防止反爬soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_date.text,'lxml')#print(soup)#特征枚举  a[target="_blank"] titles = soup.select('div.listing_title > a')#属性枚举，也可以是img[width="160"]#images = soup.select('div.aspect.is-shown-at-tablet > div')cates  = soup.select('ul.icons_list.easyClear.vertical')#cates  = soup.select('div.prw_rup.prw_common_hotel_icons_list.linespace.is-shown-at-tablet > ul.icons_list.easyClear.vertical  ')#print(titles,images,cates,sep='\n----------------\n')for title,cate in zip(titles,cates):data={'title' : title.get_text(),#'image' : image.get('style'),'cate'  : list(cate.stripped_strings),  #计取该url里面的字符}print(data)def get_favs(url_saves,data=None):wb_data = requests.get(url_saves,headers=headers)soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'lxml')#print(soup)titles = soup.select('a.title')images = soup.select('a.thumbnail')if data == None:for title,image in zip(titles,images):data={'title' : title.get_text(),'image' : image.get('src'),}print(data)def get_mobile(url_mobile,data=None):wb_data = requests.get(url_mobile,headers=headers_mobile)soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'lxml')#print(soup)images = soup.select(' div.listing_title > a')for i in images:#print(i.get('src'))print(i.get_text())def get_zuoye(url_zuoye,data=None):wb_data = requests.get(url_zuoye)soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'lxml')  #print(soup)texts = soup.select('div.pho_info > h4 > em')adds = soup.select('span.pr5')moneys = soup.select('div.day_l > span')images = soup.select('div.member_pic > a > img')sexs = soup.select('div.member_ico')names = soup.select('a.lorder_name')#print(images)for text,add,money,image,name,sex in zip(texts,adds,moneys,images,names,sexs):data = {'text' : text.get_text(),'add'  : add.get_text(),'money': money.get_text(),'image' : image.get('src'),'sex': sex.get('background'),'name' :name.get_text(),}print(data)
#get_attractions(url)
#get_favs(url)
#print (urls)#访问30-930个网页
#for single_url in urls:
#    get_attractions(single_url)get_zuoye(url_zuoye)

异步数据爬取

动态数据，选取network，可以查看到多个网页，

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
异步爬取
'''
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import timeurl = 'https://knewone.com/things?page='def get_page(url,data=None):print(url)wb_data = requests.get(url)soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'lxml')imgs = soup.select('a.cover-inner > img ')titles = soup.select('section.content > h4 > a')links = soup.select('section.content > h4 > a')if data == None :for img,title,link in zip(imgs,titles,links):data = {'img' : img.get('src'),'title' : title.get('title'),'link'  : link.get('href'),}print(data)#print(soup)def get_more_page(start,end):for one in range(start,end):get_page(url+str(one))time.sleep(1)get_more_page(1, 10)

网页源代码中间的浏览量为0，怀疑是js获得，然后就需要

刷新网页，查看network，然后看url的response值，看看那个值包含浏览量

关于保存图片，参考下面的视频，但是貌似里面也有土鳖的教学，自己体会

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Created on 2018年10月17日@author: zz
'''from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests, urllib.request
import timedef get_meimei(url):wb_data = requests.get(url)soup = BeautifulSoup(wb_data.text,'lxml')imgs = soup.select('img.entry-thumbnail')#print(imgs)download_links = []for img in imgs:download_links.append(img.get('src'))#print(img.get('src'))for one in download_links:print(one)urllib.request.urlretrieve(one,r'C:\Users\zz\Desktop\test\ '+one[-10:]+'.jpg')# 从左往右0开始，从右往左-1开始url = 'https://weheartit.com/inspirations/taylorswift?scrolling=true&page='def get_meimei_20(s,e):for one in range(s,e):get_meimei(url+str(one))time.sleep(1)get_meimei_20(1, 20)

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