1、孕妇吸烟增加子女及孙子女患哮喘的风险，被普遍承认。

2、青春期男性吸烟会导致精细胞发生可遗传的表观遗传改变，但这种传代效应的统计学评估很缺乏。

3、本研究评估了母亲、祖母怀孕及父亲青春期吸烟对其后代患哮喘的风险。

4、分析略（我也没看明白）。

5、结论为正。

Abstract：

Smoking in pregnancy increases asthma risk in offspring and possibly in grand-offspring. Few studies have examined the effect of paternal smoking on offspring's health although smoking in male adolescence may cause transmittable epigenetic changes in sperm precursor cells. Furthermore, the statistical evaluation of such transgenerational effects is challenging.

We assessed the effect of smoking in different susceptibility periods (mother/grandmother's pregnancies, father's adolescence) on asthma risk in offspring by a three-generation analysis.

At the ECRHS III clinical interview (2010-2013), 2140 mothers and 1866 fathers (level 2 units) from 26 centres (cluster variable) reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years; level 1 units) had Asthma and whether it coexisted with allergic Rhinitis (A+R) or not (A–R). These parents also provided information on their parents' and their own asthma/schooling/smoking history. Two-level 2→2→1 mediation models with cluster-robust standard errors (outcome: offspring's A+R/A–R; mediator: parent's ever asthma) were fitted separately within the maternal (4451 offspring) and paternal (3984 offspring) lines.

Grandmother's smoking in pregnancy was associated with mother's ever asthma (OR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.13-2.02) and with grand-offspring's A+R within the maternal line (relative risk ratio, RRR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.12-1.65). Mother's smoking in pregnancy (RRR=1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.56) and father's smoking in adolescence (RRR=1.48; 95%CI: 1.02-2.13) were associated with offspring's A–R.

Parental and grandparental smoking in different susceptibility periods may increase asthma risk across generations.

文献来源

LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Transgenerational effect of parental and grandparental smoking on asthma risk in offspring Simone Accordini, Lucia Calciano, Ane Johannessen, Anna Simonetto, Bryndis Benediktsdóttir, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Lennart Bråbäck, Anne-Elie Carsin, Shyamali Dharmage, Julia Dratva, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Christer Janson, Rain Jögi, Bénédicte Leynaert, AndreiMalinovschi, Alessandro Marcon, Jesús Martínez-Moratalla, Chantal Raherison, Francisco Gomez Real, José Luis Sánchez, Vivi Schlünssen, Deborah Jarvis, Cecilie Svanes European Respiratory Journal Sep 2016, 48 (suppl 60) PA4596; DOI:10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA4596

这个杂志属于top期刊，有10多个点，应该还算有公信度。