python-web开发[16-18]之Django开发
day16 Django开发
主题:员工管理系统
1.新建项目
2.创建app
python manage.py startapp app01
页面执行了“python manage.py”
注册app:
3.设计表结构(django)
from django.db import modelsclass Department(models.Model):""" 部门表 """title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)class UserInfo(models.Model):""" 员工表 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")# 特定条件1: 增加部门,存在一个特定的维表# 无约束# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")# 1.有约束(校验写入的数据是否OK,例如增加的部门只能在现有部门表中进行插入,如果在部门表中找不到,就报错)# - to,与那张表关联# - to_field,表中的那一列关联# 2.django自动# - 写的depart# - 生成数据列 depart_id# 3.当部门表被删除时# ### 3.1 级联删除(直接删除用户表中相应部门的信息)depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)# ### 3.2 置空(直接将用户表中相应用户的部门信息为空)# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)# 特定条件2: 某个字段的取值是一个有限的枚举类型。# 在django中做的约束gender_choices = ((1, "男"),(2, "女"),)gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
4.在MySQL中生成表
- 工具连接MySQL生成数据库。
create database gx_day16 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
- 修改配置文件,连接MySQL
DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字'USER': 'root','PASSWORD': 'xxx','HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL'PORT': 3306,}
}
- django命令生成数据库表
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
表结构创建成功:
运行,根据上述的models.py成功创建了用户表和部门表
5.静态文件管理
static目录、 templates模板html文件夹
6.部门管理
体验,最原始方法来做。
Django中提供Form和ModelForm组件(方便)
期望后台部门管理的页面:
7.模板的继承
从一个页面跳转到另一个页面的查询逻辑顺序:
原始html文件中的href地址 ->
从urls.py中找到相应的views视图函数 ->
进入views.py中找到相应的函数 ->
进入该函数中的相应html文件,进行相应的页面跳转
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),# 部门管理path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),path('depart/add/', views.depart_add),path('depart/delete/', views.depart_delete),path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', views.depart_edit), # url中增加动态参数path('user/list/', views.user_list),path('user/add/', views.user_add),path('user/model/form/add/', views.user_model_form_add),
]
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import modelsdef depart_list(request):""" 部门列表 """# 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表# [对象,对象,对象]queryset = models.Department.objects.all()return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})def depart_add(request):""" 添加部门 """if request.method == "GET":return render(request, 'depart_add.html')# 获取用户POST提交过来的数据(title输入为空)title = request.POST.get("title")# 保存到数据库models.Department.objects.create(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_delete(request):""" 删除部门 """# 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1nid = request.GET.get('nid')# 删除models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_edit(request, nid):""" 修改部门 """if request.method == "GET":# 根据nid,获取他的数据 [obj,]row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})# 获取用户提交的标题title = request.POST.get("title")# 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新# models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")
- 部门列表
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/"> <!--1: 跳转页面,进行增加页面元素,采用当前页面打开(如果采用新开页面打开,需要设置相应的参数方法)--><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建部门</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>部门列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>名称</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a> <!--2: 编辑当前行的数据--><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除</a> <!--3:删除当前id行的数据 --></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
- 添加部门
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
- 编辑部门
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"value="{{ row_object.title }}"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
问题描述: 一个后台系统中各个页面有共同的部分内容,同时这个内容是动态变化的,因此不可以在每个页面的html中单独写(如果这样的话,会导致- 如果需要修改,需要将所有相关的页面都进行修改调整,维护难度大),而是选择创建一个模板,将内容写在该模板中,让相关页面来继承即可。
定义模板:layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugin...min.css' %}">{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body><h1>标题</h1><div>{% block content %}{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用,创建相应的模板内容,方便复用--></div><h1>底部</h1><script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
** 注:** 当不同页面中有的继承的模板不太完全一样的时候,可以采用自定义的{% block js %}{% endblock %}或者{% block css %}{% endblock %}来实现差异化的定义模板,然后在子页面中引用继承相应的模板内容即可,具体的定义模板和模板继承方法如上如下。
相应页面继承母版的固定格式:
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block css %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'pluxxx.css' %}"><style>...</style>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!--差异化继承不同的模板内容 --><h1>首页</h1>
{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script src="{% static 'js/jqxxxin.js' %}"></script>
{% endblock %}
8.用户管理
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("韩超","666",23,100.68,"2020-01-11",2,1);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("刘东","123",23,100.68,"2010-11-11",1,4);
insert into app01_userinfo(name,password,age,account,create_time,gender,depart_id) values("朱虎飞","999",33,9900.68,"2021-05-11",1,1);
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(64) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| account | decimal(10,2) | NO | | NULL | |
| create_time | datetime(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | smallint(6) | NO | | NULL | |
| depart_id | bigint(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
新建用户:
- 原始方式理思路:不会采用(本质)【麻烦】
- 用户提交数据没有校验。
- 错误,页面上应该有错误提示。
- 页面上,没一个字段都需要我们重新写一遍。 [OK]
- 关联的数据,手动去获取并展示循环展示在页面。 [OK]
- Django组件
- Form组件(小简便)
- ModelForm组件(最简便)
截止目前的项目代码和框架列表:
"""
Django settings for day16 project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.9.For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""from pathlib import Path# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-hkrj5qe6)4-oe)g&+s-_)90r8$$fk_*a1w33=2wikt4!^4_h6c'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = []# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','app01.apps.App01Config'
]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ROOT_URLCONF = 'day16.urls'TEMPLATES = [{'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [],'APP_DIRS': True,'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},
]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day16.wsgi.application'# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases# DATABASES = {# 'default': {# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
# }
# }DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字'USER': 'root','PASSWORD': 'root123','HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL'PORT': 3306,}
}# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = '/static/'# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-fieldDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
from django.db import modelsclass Department(models.Model):""" 部门表 """title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)def __str__(self):return self.titleclass UserInfo(models.Model):""" 员工表 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")# 无约束# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")# 1.有约束# - to,与那张表关联# - to_field,表中的那一列关联# 2.django自动# - 写的depart# - 生成数据列 depart_id# 3.部门表被删除# ### 3.1 级联删除depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)# ### 3.2 置空# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)# 在django中做的约束gender_choices = ((1, "男"),(2, "女"),)gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
"""day16 URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views1. Add an import: from my_app import views2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),# 部门管理path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),path('depart/add/', views.depart_add),path('depart/delete/', views.depart_delete),path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', views.depart_edit),path('user/list/', views.user_list),path('user/add/', views.user_add)
]
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import modelsdef depart_list(request):""" 部门列表 """# 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表# [对象,对象,对象]queryset = models.Department.objects.all()return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})def depart_add(request):""" 添加部门 """if request.method == "GET":return render(request, 'depart_add.html')# 获取用户POST提交过来的数据(title输入为空)title = request.POST.get("title")# 保存到数据库models.Department.objects.create(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_delete(request):""" 删除部门 """# 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1nid = request.GET.get('nid')# 删除models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_edit(request, nid):""" 修改部门 """if request.method == "GET":# 根据nid,获取他的数据 [obj,]row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})# 获取用户提交的标题title = request.POST.get("title")# 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新# models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def user_list(request):""" 用户管理 """# 获取数据库中的所有用户列表 [obj, obj, obj]queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()"""# 用Python的语法获取数据;; 我们也可以直接选择在html中进行相应的循环获取数据for obj in queryset:print(obj.id, obj.name, obj.account, obj.create_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), obj.gender, obj.get_gender_display(), obj.depart_id, obj.depart.title)# print(obj.name, obj.depart_id)# obj.depart_id # 获取数据库中存储的那个字段值# obj.depart.title # 根据id自动去关联的表(depart)中获取哪一行数据depart对象。"""return render(request, 'user_list.html', {"queryset": queryset})def user_add(request):""" 添加用户(原始方式) """if request.method == "GET": # 获取 get请求 的内容context = {'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,"depart_list": models.Department.objects.all()}return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)# 获取用户提交的数据 # 获取 post请求 的内容user = request.POST.get('user')pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')age = request.POST.get('age')account = request.POST.get('ac')ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')gender = request.POST.get('gd')depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')# 添加到数据库中models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=user, password=pwd, age=age,account=account, create_time=ctime,gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id)# 返回到用户列表页面return redirect("/user/list/")
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"><style>.navbar {border-radius: 0;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"> <!--导航栏的拆解: 第一个部分 --><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> 联通用户管理系统 </a></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <!--导航栏的拆解: 第二个部分 --><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li> <!--导航菜单中的相应模块中,为相应的a标签增加 跳转的链接 --><li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理</a></li> <!--导航菜单中的相应模块中,为相应的a标签增加 跳转的链接 --><li><a href="#">Link</a></li></ul><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><li><a href="#">登录</a></li><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"aria-expanded="false">武沛齐 <span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li><li><a href="#">我的信息</a></li><li role="separator" class="divider"></li><li><a href="#">注销</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</nav><div>{% block content %}{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配: 编写各个页面都通用的模板内容页面,实现: 下游的html可以复用该模板-->
</div><script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/"> <!--1: 跳转页面,进行增加页面元素,采用当前页面打开(如果采用新开页面打开,需要设置相应的参数方法)--><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建部门</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>部门列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>名称</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a> <!--2: 编辑当前行的数据--><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除</a> <!--3:删除当前id行的数据 --></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"value="{{ row_object.title }}"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建用户</a><a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/model/form/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建用户ModelForm</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>用户列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>姓名</th><th>密码</th><th>年龄</th><th>余额</th><th>入职时间</th><th>性别</th><th>所属部门</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.name }}</td><td>{{ obj.password }}</td><td>{{ obj.age }}</td><td>{{ obj.account }}</td><td>{{ obj.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td> <!--将相应的时间calss转换成字符串,模板语言中的格式化--><td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}</td> <!-- 当出现映射mapping的(特定choices)时候,可以根据该函数实现gender的原始值获取; 在模板语言中,不允许加括号--><td>{{ obj.depart.title }}</td> <!--用该函数获取相应字段title的值,关联其他表获取原始函数--><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="#">编辑</a><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="#">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>姓名</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /></div><div class="form-group"><label>密码</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" name="pwd"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>年龄</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>余额</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="余额" name="ac"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>入职时间</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间" name="ctime"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>性别</label><select class="form-control" name="gd"> <!--下拉选择框-->{% for item in gender_choices %}<option value="{{ item.0 }}">{{ item.1 }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div><div class="form-group"><label>部门</label><select class="form-control" name="dp"> <!--下拉选择框,并关联其他表获取相应的中文部门数据-->{% for item in depart_list %}<option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.title }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
8.1 初识Form
1. views.py
class MyForm(Form): # 创建一个form类user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input) # 定义相应的字段,前端自动的识别成一个输入框pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)def user_add(request):if request.method == "GET":form = MyForm() # 类的实例化return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">{% for field in form%}{{ field }} <!--本质上,是用该命令生成相应的html中的input标签,如{{ from.user }},对于类似chioces等字段,会直接展示下拉框,级连其他表时也可以自动识别是否需要下拉框-->{% endfor %}<!-- 不用罗列的写如下html标签<input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" />,而是直接用上面的循环自动生成html标签 -->
</form>
<form method="post">{{ form.user }}{{ form.pwd }}{{ form.email }}<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
8.3 ModelForm(推荐)
0. models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):""" 员工表 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)gender_choices = ((1, "男"),(2, "女"),)gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
1. views.py
class MyForm(ModelForm):xx = form.CharField*("...")class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = ["name","password","age","xx"] ## 在此处写需要展示的字段,字段名和models.py中表字段一一对应即可def user_add(request):if request.method == "GET":form = MyForm()return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})
2.user_add.html
<form method="post">{% for field in form%}{{ field }}{% endfor %}<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
<form method="post">{{ form.user }}{{ form.pwd }}{{ form.email }}<!-- <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>
截止目前项目的整体代码和框架总结:
"""
Django settings for day16 project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.9.For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""from pathlib import Path# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-hkrj5qe6)4-oe)g&+s-_)90r8$$fk_*a1w33=2wikt4!^4_h6c'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = []# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','app01.apps.App01Config'
]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ROOT_URLCONF = 'day16.urls'TEMPLATES = [{'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [],'APP_DIRS': True,'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},
]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day16.wsgi.application'# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases# DATABASES = {# 'default': {# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
# }
# }DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字'USER': 'root','PASSWORD': 'root123','HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL'PORT': 3306,}
}# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = '/static/'# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-fieldDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
from django.db import modelsclass Department(models.Model):""" 部门表 """title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)def __str__(self):return self.titleclass UserInfo(models.Model):""" 员工表 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")# 无约束# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")# 1.有约束# - to,与那张表关联# - to_field,表中的那一列关联# 2.django自动# - 写的depart# - 生成数据列 depart_id# 3.部门表被删除# ### 3.1 级联删除depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)# ### 3.2 置空# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)# 在django中做的约束gender_choices = ((1, "男"),(2, "女"),)gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)
"""day16 URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views1. Add an import: from my_app import views2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import viewsurlpatterns = [# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),# 部门管理path('depart/list/', views.depart_list),path('depart/add/', views.depart_add),path('depart/delete/', views.depart_delete),path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', views.depart_edit),path('user/list/', views.user_list),path('user/add/', views.user_add),path('user/model/form/add/', views.user_model_form_add),
]
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import modelsdef depart_list(request):""" 部门列表 """# 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表# [对象,对象,对象]queryset = models.Department.objects.all()return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})def depart_add(request):""" 添加部门 """if request.method == "GET":return render(request, 'depart_add.html')# 获取用户POST提交过来的数据(title输入为空)title = request.POST.get("title")# 保存到数据库models.Department.objects.create(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_delete(request):""" 删除部门 """# 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1nid = request.GET.get('nid')# 删除models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_edit(request, nid):""" 修改部门 """if request.method == "GET":# 根据nid,获取他的数据 [obj,]row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})# 获取用户提交的标题title = request.POST.get("title")# 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新# models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def user_list(request):""" 用户管理 """# 获取数据库中的所有用户列表 [obj, obj, obj]queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()"""# 用Python的语法获取数据;; 我们也可以直接选择在html中进行相应的循环获取数据for obj in queryset:print(obj.id, obj.name, obj.account, obj.create_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"), obj.gender, obj.get_gender_display(), obj.depart_id, obj.depart.title)# print(obj.name, obj.depart_id)# obj.depart_id # 获取数据库中存储的那个字段值# obj.depart.title # 根据id自动去关联的表(depart)中获取哪一行数据depart对象。"""return render(request, 'user_list.html', {"queryset": queryset})def user_add(request):""" 添加用户(原始方式) """if request.method == "GET": # 获取 get请求 的内容context = {'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,"depart_list": models.Department.objects.all()}return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)# 获取用户提交的数据 # 获取 post请求 的内容user = request.POST.get('user')pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')age = request.POST.get('age')account = request.POST.get('ac')ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')gender = request.POST.get('gd')depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')# 添加到数据库中models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=user, password=pwd, age=age,account=account, create_time=ctime,gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id)# 返回到用户列表页面return redirect("/user/list/")# ################################# ModelForm 示例 #################################
from django import formsclass UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm): # 1:用户信息提交的页面表单name = forms.CharField(min_length=3, label="用户名") # 在此处增加相应的格式定义 - 自定义相应字段的要求,比如姓名的最小长度为3;密码的最小长度和正则表达式规范等class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = ["name", "password", "age", 'account', 'create_time', "gender", "depart"]# widgets = {# "name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),# "password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),# "age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),# }def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # 针对类似关联其他表查询页面出现object时,可以采用该方法实现实例获取super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)# 循环找到所有的插件,添加了class="form-control" 为标签增加相应的样式for name, field in self.fields.items():# if name == "password": # 判断对某个字段不加相应的样式# continuefield.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label} # 批量设置form-control样式和默认底纹值def user_model_form_add(request): # 2:校验用户提交的信息,并往数据库中添加数据信息""" 添加用户(ModelForm版本)"""if request.method == "GET":form = UserModelForm()return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})# 用户POST提交数据,数据校验。form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)if form.is_valid():# 如果数据合法,保存到数据库# {'name': '123', 'password': '123', 'age': 11, 'account': Decimal('0'), 'create_time': datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, tzinfo=<UTC>), 'gender': 1, 'depart': <Department: IT运维部门>}# print(form.cleaned_data)# models.UserInfo.objects.create(..)form.save()return redirect('/user/list/')# 校验失败(在页面上显示原始填写的信息 + 相应的错误信息)return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"><style>.navbar {border-radius: 0;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"> <!--导航栏的拆解: 第一个部分 --><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> 联通用户管理系统 </a></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <!--导航栏的拆解: 第二个部分 --><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li> <!--导航菜单中的相应模块中,为相应的a标签增加 跳转的链接 --><li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理</a></li> <!--导航菜单中的相应模块中,为相应的a标签增加 跳转的链接 --><li><a href="#">Link</a></li></ul><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><li><a href="#">登录</a></li><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"aria-expanded="false">武沛齐 <span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li><li><a href="#">我的信息</a></li><li role="separator" class="divider"></li><li><a href="#">注销</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</nav><div>{% block content %}{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配: 编写各个页面都通用的模板内容页面,实现: 下游的html可以复用该模板-->
</div><script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/"> <!--1: 跳转页面,进行增加页面元素,采用当前页面打开(如果采用新开页面打开,需要设置相应的参数方法)--><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建部门</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>部门列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>名称</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a> <!--2: 编辑当前行的数据--><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除</a> <!--3:删除当前id行的数据 --></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"value="{{ row_object.title }}"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建用户</a><a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/model/form/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建用户ModelForm</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>用户列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>姓名</th><th>密码</th><th>年龄</th><th>余额</th><th>入职时间</th><th>性别</th><th>所属部门</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.name }}</td><td>{{ obj.password }}</td><td>{{ obj.age }}</td><td>{{ obj.account }}</td><td>{{ obj.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td> <!--将相应的时间calss转换成字符串,模板语言中的格式化--><td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}</td> <!-- 当出现映射mapping的(特定choices)时候,可以根据该函数实现gender的原始值获取; 在模板语言中,不允许加括号--><td>{{ obj.depart.title }}</td> <!--用该函数获取相应字段title的值,关联其他表获取原始函数--><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="#">编辑</a><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="#">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>姓名</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="user" /></div><div class="form-group"><label>密码</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" name="pwd"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>年龄</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>余额</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="余额" name="ac"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>入职时间</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间" name="ctime"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>性别</label><select class="form-control" name="gd"> <!--下拉选择框-->{% for item in gender_choices %}<option value="{{ item.0 }}">{{ item.1 }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div><div class="form-group"><label>部门</label><select class="form-control" name="dp"> <!--下拉选择框,并关联其他表获取相应的中文部门数据-->{% for item in depart_list %}<option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.title }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
{% extends 'layout.html' %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->{% block content %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用--><div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div class="form-group"><label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span> <!-- 相应的错误信息展示,.0实现只展示第一个错误信息--></div>{% endfor %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>{% endblock %} <!-- 固定搭配使用:继承了上述layout.html中的模板内容,复用-->
day17 Django开发
- 部门管理
- 用户管理
- 用户列表
- 新建用户
- ModelForm,针对数据库中的某个表。
- Form。
8.4 编辑用户
- 点击编辑,跳转到编辑页面(将编辑行的ID携带过去)。
- 编辑页面(默认数据,根据ID获取并设置到页面中)
- 提交:
- 错误提示
- 数据校验
- 在数据库更新
models.UserInfo.filter(id=4).update(...)
8.5 删除
def pretty_delete(request, nid):models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()return redirect('/pretty/list/')
9.靓号管理
9.1 表结构
根据表结构的需求,在models.py中创建类(由类生成数据库中的表)。
class PrettyNum(models.Model):""" 靓号表 """mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)# 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=Trueprice = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)level_choices = ((1, "1级"),(2, "2级"),(3, "3级"),(4, "4级"),)level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)status_choices = ((1, "已占用"),(2, "未使用"))status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)
自己在数据模拟创建一些数据:
insert into app01_prettynum(mobile,price,level,status)values("111111111",19,1,1);
mysql> select * from app01_prettynum;
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| id | mobile | price | level | status |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
| 1 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | 111111111 | 19 | 1 | 1 |
+----+-----------+-------+-------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
9.2 靓号列表
- URL
- 函数
- 获取所有的靓号
- 结合html+render将靓号罗列出来
id 号码 价格 级别(中文) 状态(中文)
9.3 新建靓号
- 列表点击跳转:
/pretty/add/
- URL
- ModelForm类
from django import formsclass PrettyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):...
- 函数
- 实例化类的对象
- 通过render将对象传入到HTML中。
- 模板的循环展示所有的字段。
- 点击提交
- 数据校验
- 保存到数据库(例如手机号的特定校验)
- 跳转回靓号列表
9.4 编辑靓号
- 列表页面:
/pretty/数字/edit/
- URL
- 函数
- 根据ID获取当前编辑的对象
- ModelForm配合,默认显示数据。
- 提交修改。
不允许手机号修改可以采用如图的方法;或者直接在fields = [‘mobile’, ‘price’, ‘level’, ‘status’]中去掉mobile。
不允许手机号重复。
- add添加模块:【手机号正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】
# [obj,obj,obj]
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888")obj = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").first()# True/False
exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exists()
- edit编辑模块:【手机号正则表达式】【手机号不能存在】
排除自己以外,其他的数据是否手机号是否重复?# id!=2 and mobile='1888888888'
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="1888888888").exclude(id=2)
9.5 搜索手机号
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="19999999991",id=12)data_dict = {"mobile":"19999999991","id":123}
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=12) # 等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gt=12) # 大于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__gte=12) # 大于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lt=12) # 小于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id__lte=12) # 小于等于12data_dict = {"id__lte":12} # 小于等于12
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile="999") # 等于
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__startswith="1999") # 筛选出以1999开头
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__endswith="999") # 筛选出以999结尾
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile__contains="999") # 筛选出包含999data_dict = {"mobile__contains":"999"} # 筛选出包含999
models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict)
9.6 分页
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1)[0:10]# 第1页:前10条
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[0:10]# 第2页:第2个10条
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[10:20]# 第3页:第3个10条
queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()[20:30]
data = models.PrettyNum.objects.all().count() # 数据表的整体条数
data = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=1).count() # 符合相应条件的数据表条数
- 分页的逻辑和处理规则
- 封装分页类
- 从头到尾开发
- 写项目用【pagination.py】公共组件。
- 小Bug,搜索 + 分页情况下: 点击分页时候,需要先保留原来的搜索条件
http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888
http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?page=1
http://127.0.0.1:8000/pretty/list/?q=888&page=23
"""
自定义的分页组件,以后如果想要使用这个分页组件,你需要做如下几件事:1: 在views.py视图函数中:def pretty_list(request):# 1.根据自己的情况去筛选自己的数据queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()# 2.实例化分页对象page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)context = {"queryset": page_object.page_queryset, # 分完页的数据"page_string": page_object.html() # 生成页码}return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)2: 在HTML页面中{% for obj in queryset %}{{obj.xx}}{% endfor %}<ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul>"""from django.utils.safestring import mark_safeclass Pagination(object):def __init__(self, request, queryset, page_size=10, page_param="page", plus=5):""":param request: 请求的对象:param queryset: 符合条件的数据(根据这个数据给他进行分页处理):param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据:param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数,例如:/etty/list/?page=12:param plus: 显示当前页的 前或后几页(页码)例如本文的前后展示5页"""from django.http.request import QueryDictimport copyquery_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET)query_dict._mutable = Trueself.query_dict = query_dictself.page_param = page_parampage = request.GET.get(page_param, "1")if page.isdecimal():page = int(page)else:page = 1self.page = page # 第几页self.page_size = page_size # 一页展示几条数据self.start = (page - 1) * page_size # 用户根据一页需要展示的数据条数,计算需要展示的页面的起始条数self.end = page * page_size # 计算需要展示的页面的结束条数self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end] # 页面从start到end的展示total_count = queryset.count() # 计算出总数据条数,然后获取需要展示的总页码。total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size)if div: # 如果div(余数)>0,需要加一total_page_count += 1self.total_page_count = total_page_countself.plus = plusdef html(self):# 该函数的目标:生成相应的页码列表: 计算出,显示当前页的前5页、后5页if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1:# 数据库中的数据比较少,都没有达到11页。start_page = 1 # 第一页end_page = self.total_page_count # 最后一页else:# 数据库中的数据比较多 > 11页。# 当前页<5时(小极值)if self.page <= self.plus:start_page = 1end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1else: # 当前页 > 5(大极值)# 当前页+5 > 总页面if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count:start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plusend_page = self.total_page_countelse:start_page = self.page - self.plusend_page = self.page + self.plus# 页码page_str_list = []# 1:首页self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">首页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))# 2:上一页if self.page > 1:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page - 1])prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())else:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1]) # 当已经是第一页,点击上一页,仍旧展示第一页prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())page_str_list.append(prev)# 3:当前页面for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1):self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [i])if i == self.page:ele = '<li class="active"><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)#当前页面的active样式else:ele = '<li><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)page_str_list.append(ele)# 4:下一页if self.page < self.total_page_count:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page + 1])prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())else:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count]) # 当已经是最后一页,点击下一页,仍旧展示最后一页prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())page_str_list.append(prev)# 5:尾页self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))# 6:跳转页的实现search_string = """<li><form style="float: left;margin-left: -1px" method="get"><input name="page"style="position: relative;float:left;display: inline-block;width: 80px;border-radius: 0;"type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="页码"><button style="border-radius: 0" class="btn btn-default" type="submit">跳转</button></form></li>"""page_str_list.append(search_string)page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list)) # 用mark_safe包裹下需要展示的分页导航数据return page_string
⚠️: 分页和导航菜单栏,是可以整体拿出来复用的,因此单独写成公共组件,便于页面进行复用。相应具体的使用方法见pagination.py中的使用方法。
- 第一步:在相应的views.py中导入分页组件,然后根据上图中的方式纳入分页
- 第二步: 在相应的html文件中底部导入分页数据
<!--以下是实现分页的功能 -->
<div class="clearfix"><ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul></div>
10.时间插件
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css"><input type="text" id="dt" class="form-control" placeholder="入职日期"><script src="static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js"></script>
<script src="static/plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js"></script><script>$(function () {$('#dt').datepicker({format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',startDate: '0',language: "zh-CN",autoclose: true});})
</script>
11.ModelForm和BootStrap
- 第一版:ModelForm可以帮助我们生成HTML标签。
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = ["name", "password",]form = UserModelForm()
"""
例如, form自定义帮助生成的input标签 -input输入框如下:
{{form.name}}
{{form.password}}
"""
- 第二版:定义插件
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = ["name", "password",]widgets = {"name": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),"password": forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),"age": forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),}
- 第三版:重新定义的init方法,批量设置
class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = ["name", "password", "age",]def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置(但是全部都设置不太好)for name, field in self.fields.items():field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label}
- 第四版:自定义类
class BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置for name, field in self.fields.items():# 字段中有属性,保留原来的属性,没有属性,才增加。if field.widget.attrs:field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.labelelse:field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control", "placeholder": field.label}
操作
提取公共的类, 例如:bootstrap.py; pagination.py
ModelForm拆分出来: 写成from.py
视图函数的归类
html - 页面
{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}"><style>.navbar {border-radius: 0;}</style>{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> 联通用户管理系统 </a></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/depart/list/">部门管理</a></li><li><a href="/user/list/">用户管理</a></li><li><a href="/pretty/list/">靓号管理</a></li></ul><ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"><li><a href="#">登录</a></li><li class="dropdown"><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"aria-expanded="false">武沛齐 <span class="caret"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="#">个人资料</a></li><li><a href="#">我的信息</a></li><li role="separator" class="divider"></li><li><a href="#">注销</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
</nav><div>{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</div><!-- -->
<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/depart/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建部门</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>部门列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>名称</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.title }}</td><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/depart/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/depart/delete/?nid={{ obj.id }}">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div></div>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 修改部门 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>标题</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="标题" name="title"value="{{ row_object.title }}"/></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建用户</a><a class="btn btn-success" href="/user/model/form/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建用户ModelForm</a></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>用户列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>姓名</th><th>密码</th><th>年龄</th><th>余额</th><th>入职时间</th><th>性别</th><th>所属部门</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.name }}</td><td>{{ obj.password }}</td><td>{{ obj.age }}</td><td>{{ obj.account }}</td><td>{{ obj.create_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td><td>{{ obj.get_gender_display }}</td><td>{{ obj.depart.title }}</td><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/user/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/user/{{ obj.id }}/delete/">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div><ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul></div>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% load static %}{% block css %}<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.min.css' %}">
{% endblock %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div class="form-group"><label>姓名</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="姓名" name="user"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>密码</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" name="pwd"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>年龄</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="年龄" name="age"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>余额</label><input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="余额" name="ac"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>入职时间</label><input id="dt" type="text" autocomplete="off" class="form-control" placeholder="入职时间" name="ctime"/></div><div class="form-group"><label>性别</label><select class="form-control" name="gd">{% for item in gender_choices %}<option value="{{ item.0 }}">{{ item.1 }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div><div class="form-group"><label>部门</label><select class="form-control" name="dp">{% for item in depart_list %}<option value="{{ item.id }}">{{ item.title }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></div><button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
<!--如下是标准化的时间选择填写格式,在相应的html标签文件中进行编写 -->
{% block js %}<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js' %}"></script><script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js' %}"></script><script>$(function () {$('#dt').datepicker({format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',startDate: '0',language: "zh-CN",autoclose: true});})</script>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 编辑用户 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div class="form-group"><label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></div>{% endfor %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% load static %}{% block css %}<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/css/bootstrap-datepicker.min.css' %}">
{% endblock %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建用户 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div class="form-group"><label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></div>{% endfor %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/js/bootstrap-datepicker.js' %}"></script><script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-datepicker/locales/bootstrap-datepicker.zh-CN.min.js' %}"></script><script>$(function () {$('#id_create_time').datepicker({format: 'yyyy-mm-dd',startDate: '0',language: "zh-CN",autoclose: true});})</script>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div style="margin-bottom: 10px" class="clearfix"><a class="btn btn-success" href="/pretty/add/"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span>新建靓号</a><!-- 如下是搜索框 --><div style="float: right;width: 300px;"><form method="get"><div class="input-group"><input type="text" name="q" class="form-control" placeholder="Search for..."value="{{ search_data }}"><span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="submit"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> <!-- 放大镜的图标 --></button></span></div></form></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><!-- Default panel contents --><div class="panel-heading"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-th-list" aria-hidden="true"></span>靓号列表</div><!-- Table --><table class="table table-bordered"><thead><tr><th>ID</th><th>号码</th><th>价格</th><th>级别</th><th>状态</th><th>操作</th></tr></thead><tbody>{% for obj in queryset %}<tr><th>{{ obj.id }}</th><td>{{ obj.mobile }}</td><td>{{ obj.price }}</td><td>{{ obj.get_level_display }}</td> <!-- choices中的中文展示 --><td>{{ obj.get_status_display }}</td> <!-- choices中的中文展示 --><td><a class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" href="/pretty/{{ obj.id }}/edit/">编辑</a><a class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" href="/pretty/{{ obj.id }}/delete/">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}</tbody></table></div><!--以下是实现分页的功能 --><div class="clearfix"><ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul></div></div>
{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 新建靓号 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post" novalidate> <!-- novalidate 去除浏览器自动进行的校验 -->{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div class="form-group"><label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></div>{% endfor %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>{% endblock %}
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-title"> 编辑靓号 </h3></div><div class="panel-body"><form method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div class="form-group"><label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span style="color: red;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></div>{% endfor %}<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></form></div></div></div>
{% endblock %}
- utils – 抽象出来的复用组件
from django import formsclass BootStrapModelForm(forms.ModelForm):def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)# 循环ModelForm中的所有字段,给每个字段的插件设置for name, field in self.fields.items():# 字段中有属性,保留原来的属性,没有属性,才增加。if field.widget.attrs:field.widget.attrs["class"] = "form-control"field.widget.attrs["placeholder"] = field.labelelse:field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control","placeholder": field.label}
from app01 import models
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django import forms
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelFormclass UserModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):name = forms.CharField(min_length=3,label="用户名",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))class Meta:model = models.UserInfofields = ["name", "password", "age", 'account', 'create_time', "gender", "depart"]class PrettyModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):# 验证:方式1【字段+正则】mobile = forms.CharField(label="手机号",validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', '手机号格式错误'), ],)class Meta:model = models.PrettyNum# fields = "__all__" ## 获取表中所有的字段# exclude = ['level'] ## 获取表中除了level后的所有字段fields = ["mobile", 'price', 'level', 'status']# 验证:方式2【钩子方法】def clean_mobile(self):txt_mobile = self.cleaned_data["mobile"] # 获取用户填写的手机号exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(mobile=txt_mobile).exists()if exists:# 验证用户不通过,页面交互提示raise ValidationError("手机号已存在")# 验证通过,用户输入的值返回return txt_mobileclass PrettyEditModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):# mobile = forms.CharField(disabled=True, label="手机号")mobile = forms.CharField(label="手机号",validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$', '手机号格式错误'), ],)class Meta:model = models.PrettyNumfields = ['mobile', 'price', 'level', 'status']# 验证:方式2def clean_mobile(self):# print(self.instance.pk) # 获取 当前编辑的哪一行的IDtxt_mobile = self.cleaned_data["mobile"] # 获取用户填写的手机号# 从排除自己以外的其他数据中查找是否重复(因为编辑,代表着当前手机号肯定是存在的)exists = models.PrettyNum.objects.exclude(id=self.instance.pk).filter(mobile=txt_mobile).exists()if exists:raise ValidationError("手机号已存在")# 验证通过,用户输入的值返回return txt_mobile
"""
自定义的分页组件,以后如果想要使用这个分页组件,你需要做如下几件事:1: 在views.py视图函数中:def pretty_list(request):# 1.根据自己的情况去筛选自己的数据queryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.all()# 2.实例化分页对象page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)context = {"queryset": page_object.page_queryset, # 分完页的数据"page_string": page_object.html() # 生成页码}return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)2: 在HTML页面中{% for obj in queryset %}{{obj.xx}}{% endfor %}<ul class="pagination">{{ page_string }}</ul>"""from django.utils.safestring import mark_safeclass Pagination(object):def __init__(self, request, queryset, page_size=10, page_param="page", plus=5):""":param request: 请求的对象:param queryset: 符合条件的数据(根据这个数据给他进行分页处理):param page_size: 每页显示多少条数据:param page_param: 在URL中传递的获取分页的参数,例如:/etty/list/?page=12:param plus: 显示当前页的 前或后几页(页码)例如本文的前后展示5页"""from django.http.request import QueryDictimport copyquery_dict = copy.deepcopy(request.GET)query_dict._mutable = Trueself.query_dict = query_dictself.page_param = page_parampage = request.GET.get(page_param, "1")if page.isdecimal():page = int(page)else:page = 1self.page = page # 第几页self.page_size = page_size # 一页展示几条数据self.start = (page - 1) * page_size # 用户根据一页需要展示的数据条数,计算需要展示的页面的起始条数self.end = page * page_size # 计算需要展示的页面的结束条数self.page_queryset = queryset[self.start:self.end] # 页面从start到end的展示total_count = queryset.count() # 计算出总数据条数,然后获取需要展示的总页码。total_page_count, div = divmod(total_count, page_size)if div: # 如果div(余数)>0,需要加一total_page_count += 1self.total_page_count = total_page_countself.plus = plusdef html(self):# 该函数的目标:生成相应的页码列表: 计算出,显示当前页的前5页、后5页if self.total_page_count <= 2 * self.plus + 1:# 数据库中的数据比较少,都没有达到11页。start_page = 1 # 第一页end_page = self.total_page_count # 最后一页else:# 数据库中的数据比较多 > 11页。# 当前页<5时(小极值)if self.page <= self.plus:start_page = 1end_page = 2 * self.plus + 1else: # 当前页 > 5(大极值)# 当前页+5 > 总页面if (self.page + self.plus) > self.total_page_count:start_page = self.total_page_count - 2 * self.plusend_page = self.total_page_countelse:start_page = self.page - self.plusend_page = self.page + self.plus# 页码page_str_list = []# 1:首页self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1])page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">首页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))# 2:上一页if self.page > 1:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page - 1])prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())else:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [1]) # 当已经是第一页,点击上一页,仍旧展示第一页prev = '<li><a href="?{}">上一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())page_str_list.append(prev)# 3:当前页面for i in range(start_page, end_page + 1):self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [i])if i == self.page:ele = '<li class="active"><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)#当前页面的active样式else:ele = '<li><a href="?{}">{}</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode(), i)page_str_list.append(ele)# 4:下一页if self.page < self.total_page_count:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.page + 1])prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())else:self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count]) # 当已经是最后一页,点击下一页,仍旧展示最后一页prev = '<li><a href="?{}">下一页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode())page_str_list.append(prev)# 5:尾页self.query_dict.setlist(self.page_param, [self.total_page_count])page_str_list.append('<li><a href="?{}">尾页</a></li>'.format(self.query_dict.urlencode()))# 6:跳转页的实现search_string = """<li><form style="float: left;margin-left: -1px" method="get"><input name="page"style="position: relative;float:left;display: inline-block;width: 80px;border-radius: 0;"type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="页码"><button style="border-radius: 0" class="btn btn-default" type="submit">跳转</button></form></li>"""page_str_list.append(search_string)page_string = mark_safe("".join(page_str_list)) # 用mark_safe包裹下需要展示的分页导航数据return page_string
- views – 相应模块的自定义视图函数 (与页面一一对应)
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import modelsfrom app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import UserModelForm, PrettyModelForm, PrettyEditModelFormdef depart_list(request):""" 部门列表 """# 去数据库中获取所有的部门列表# [对象,对象,对象]queryset = models.Department.objects.all()return render(request, 'depart_list.html', {'queryset': queryset})def depart_add(request):""" 添加部门 """if request.method == "GET":return render(request, 'depart_add.html')# 获取用户POST提交过来的数据(title输入为空)title = request.POST.get("title")# 保存到数据库models.Department.objects.create(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_delete(request):""" 删除部门 """# 获取ID http://127.0.0.1:8000/depart/delete/?nid=1nid = request.GET.get('nid')# 删除models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")def depart_edit(request, nid):""" 修改部门 """if request.method == "GET":# 根据nid,获取他的数据 [obj,]row_object = models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).first()return render(request, 'depart_edit.html', {"row_object": row_object})# 获取用户提交的标题title = request.POST.get("title")# 根据ID找到数据库中的数据并进行更新# models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title,其他=123)models.Department.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title)# 重定向回部门列表return redirect("/depart/list/")
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import modelsfrom app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import UserModelForm, PrettyModelForm, PrettyEditModelFormdef user_list(request):""" 用户管理 """queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.all()page_object = Pagination(request, queryset, page_size=2)context = {"queryset": page_object.page_queryset,"page_string": page_object.html(),}return render(request, 'user_list.html', context)def user_add(request):""" 添加用户(原始方式) """if request.method == "GET":context = {'gender_choices': models.UserInfo.gender_choices,"depart_list": models.Department.objects.all()}return render(request, 'user_add.html', context)# 获取用户提交的数据user = request.POST.get('user')pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')age = request.POST.get('age')account = request.POST.get('ac')ctime = request.POST.get('ctime')gender = request.POST.get('gd')depart_id = request.POST.get('dp')# 添加到数据库中models.UserInfo.objects.create(name=user, password=pwd, age=age,account=account, create_time=ctime,gender=gender, depart_id=depart_id)# 返回到用户列表页面return redirect("/user/list/")def user_model_form_add(request):""" 添加用户(ModelForm版本)"""if request.method == "GET":form = UserModelForm()return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})# 用户POST提交数据,数据校验。form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST)if form.is_valid():# 如果数据合法,保存到数据库# {'name': '123', 'password': '123', 'age': 11, 'account': Decimal('0'), 'create_time': datetime.datetime(2011, 11, 11, 0, 0, tzinfo=<UTC>), 'gender': 1, 'depart': <Department: IT运维部门>}# print(form.cleaned_data)# models.UserInfo.objects.create(..)form.save()return redirect('/user/list/')# 校验失败(在页面上显示错误信息)return render(request, 'user_model_form_add.html', {"form": form})def user_edit(request, nid):""" 编辑用户 """row_object = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()if request.method == "GET":# 根据ID去数据库获取要编辑的那一行数据(对象)form = UserModelForm(instance=row_object)return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'form': form})form = UserModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object)if form.is_valid():# 默认保存的是用户输入的所有数据,如果想要再用户输入以外增加一点值# form.instance.字段名 = 值form.save()return redirect('/user/list/')return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {"form": form})def user_delete(request, nid):models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()return redirect('/user/list/')
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import modelsfrom app01.utils.pagination import Pagination
from app01.utils.form import UserModelForm, PrettyModelForm, PrettyEditModelFormdef pretty_list(request):""" 靓号列表 : 在此处增加了: 搜索功能、分页功能"""data_dict = {}search_data = request.GET.get('q', "") # 默认是所有的,如果传递了搜素参数,则展示相应的搜索结果列表if search_data:# mobile__contains方法判断当前输入手机号是否已经存在。双下划线前是字段,后是函数data_dict["mobile__contains"] = search_dataqueryset = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(**data_dict).order_by("-level")# 以下是分页的功能page_object = Pagination(request, queryset)context = {"search_data": search_data,"queryset": page_object.page_queryset, # 分完页的数据"page_string": page_object.html() # 页码}return render(request, 'pretty_list.html', context)def pretty_add(request):""" 添加靓号 """# 第一步: 如果是get请求,直接跳转到相应的add页面,让用户填写if request.method == "GET":form = PrettyModelForm()return render(request, 'pretty_add.html', {"form": form})# 第二步:如果是post请求,首先获取从add页面收集到的信息,然后校验合法性和写入数据库,如合法完成后重定向用户列表form = PrettyModelForm(data=request.POST)if form.is_valid():form.save()return redirect('/pretty/list/')# 第三步:如果不合法,则重定向到add页面重新收集。(将上次填写提交信息设置成默认值,并提示错误信息)return render(request, 'pretty_add.html', {"form": form})def pretty_edit(request, nid):""" 编辑靓号 """# 第一步: 从数据库获取当前行的数据row_object = models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).first()# 第二步: 如果get请求, 当用户点击编辑按钮的时候,跳转到用户信息编辑页面,同时显示用户的原始默认值(默认值设置采用instance方法)if request.method == "GET":form = PrettyEditModelForm(instance=row_object)return render(request, 'pretty_edit.html', {"form": form})# 第三步: 当编辑完成(post请求)后,用户下次请求该函数将页面当前记录更新的数据传入,并完成校验和保存到数据库,并且重定向到用户列表页面form = PrettyEditModelForm(data=request.POST, instance=row_object) #该instance会实现从原始信息修改成新的信息if form.is_valid():form.save()return redirect('/pretty/list/')# 第4四步: 如果数据校验不合法,则重定向到用户编辑页面,重新修改更新数据。return render(request, 'pretty_edit.html', {"form": form})def pretty_delete(request, nid):models.PrettyNum.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()return redirect('/pretty/list/')
- 其他配置文件
from django.db import modelsclass Department(models.Model):""" 部门表 """title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)def __str__(self):return self.titleclass UserInfo(models.Model):""" 员工表 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)# create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间") # datetime格式create_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="入职时间") # date格式# 无约束# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")# 1.有约束# - to,与那张表关联# - to_field,表中的那一列关联# 2.django自动# - 写的depart# - 生成数据列 depart_id# 3.部门表被删除# ### 3.1 级联删除depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)# ### 3.2 置空# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)# 在django中做的约束gender_choices = ((1, "男"),(2, "女"),)gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)class PrettyNum(models.Model):""" 靓号表 """mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)# 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=Trueprice = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)level_choices = ((1, "1级"),(2, "2级"),(3, "3级"),(4, "4级"),)level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)status_choices = ((1, "已占用"),(2, "未使用"))status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)
"""day16 URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views1. Add an import: from my_app import views2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import pathfrom app01.views import depart, user, prettyurlpatterns = [# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),# 部门管理path('depart/list/', depart.depart_list),path('depart/add/', depart.depart_add),path('depart/delete/', depart.depart_delete),path('depart/<int:nid>/edit/', depart.depart_edit),# 用户管理path('user/list/', user.user_list),path('user/add/', user.user_add),path('user/model/form/add/', user.user_model_form_add),path('user/<int:nid>/edit/', user.user_edit),path('user/<int:nid>/delete/', user.user_delete),# 靓号管理path('pretty/list/', pretty.pretty_list),path('pretty/add/', pretty.pretty_add),path('pretty/<int:nid>/edit/', pretty.pretty_edit),path('pretty/<int:nid>/delete/', pretty.pretty_delete),]
"""
Django settings for day16 project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.9.For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""from pathlib import Path# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-hkrj5qe6)4-oe)g&+s-_)90r8$$fk_*a1w33=2wikt4!^4_h6c'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = []# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','app01.apps.App01Config'
]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ROOT_URLCONF = 'day16.urls'TEMPLATES = [{'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [],'APP_DIRS': True,'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},
]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'day16.wsgi.application'# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases# DATABASES = {# 'default': {# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
# 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
# }
# }DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'gx_day16', # 数据库名字'USER': 'root','PASSWORD': 'root123','HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 那台机器安装了MySQL'PORT': 3306,}
}# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',},
]# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = '/static/'# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-fieldDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
day18 Django开发
12. 管理员操作
在导航菜单栏,新增一个模块 - 管理员,主要实现:
- 点击进入,管理员列表,并在列表中支持: 新增管理员、编辑管理员信息、删除管理员信息、重置密码等
13. 用户登录
一般而言,http无状态短连接:
一次请求和响应之后就会断开连接,即是短连接。
下次双方的请求响应连接,并不会携带上次请求响应的数据,即无状态。
问题: 如果要实现,一定时间内,记住上次/最近曾经连接过的记录和相应的状态,就需要用到cookie和session
什么是cookie和session?
- 响应体: 本次请求连接需要返回的参数内容,从网站给到浏览器。
- 响应头: 含cookie(如上述的k1=xxx 用于标记凭证)
- cookie: 1) 保存在浏览器上的键值对;2) 发送请求时,自动携带到网站,然后用用于双方识别凭证。
- session: 服务端存储的信息(jango默认将该信息存储在数据库)
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/list/
https://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/list/
- 管理/用户列表进入之前,需要先检查用户是否已登录,如登录则继续往下走;否则,返回登录页面
- 当用户发来请求时,先获取cookie中随机字符串,拿着随机字符串看session中有没有,如果有就允许直接到页面,否则就返回登录页面让用户登录。
13.1 登录
登录成功后:
- cookie,随机字符串
- session,用户信息
需求:在其他需要登录才能访问的页面中,都需要加入如下的鉴权“用户是否登录”,如果登录过则直接跳转,否则跳转到登录页面先进行登录。
def index(request):info = request.session.get("info")if not info:return redirect('/login/')...
因此,需要在18个视图函数前面统一加入判断。
info = request.session.get("info")
if not info:return redirect('/login/')
没有可复用的逻辑,因此在此引用“中间件”的逻辑,如下介绍:
13.2 中间件的体验
- step1: 定义中间件
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponseclass M1(MiddlewareMixin):""" 中间件1 """def process_request(self, request):# 如果方法中没有返回值(返回None),继续向后走# 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirectprint("M1.process_request")return HttpResponse("无权访问")def process_response(self, request, response):print("M1.process_response")return responseclass M2(MiddlewareMixin):""" 中间件2 """def process_request(self, request):print("M2.process_request")def process_response(self, request, response):print("M2.process_response")return response
- step2: 应用中间件 setings.py
MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware','app01.middleware.auth.M1','app01.middleware.auth.M2',
]
- step3: 在中间件的process_request方法
# 如果方法中没有返回值(返回None),继续向后走 (如上黑色框模块)
# 如果有返回值 HttpResponse、render 、redirect,则不再继续向后执行 (如上红色框模块)。
13.3 中间件实现登录校验
- 编写中间件
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, redirectclass AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):def process_request(self, request):# 0.排除那些不需要登录就能访问的页面# request.path_info 获取当前用户请求的URL /login/if request.path_info == "/login/":return# 1.读取当前访问的用户的session信息,如果能读到,说明已登录过,就可以继续向后走。info_dict = request.session.get("info")print(info_dict)if info_dict: # 若非空,继续想后面走(如有其他中间件,则走其他中间件,没有继续向后)return# 2.没有登录过,重新回到登录页面return redirect('/login/')
- 应用中间件
MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware','app01.middleware.auth.AuthMiddleware', ## 新增的自定义中间件路径
]
13.4 注销
目标: 实现 - 当前登录用户的信息注销,下次进入需要重新登录;即将本次登录的session清空。
def logout(request):""" 注销 """request.session.clear()return redirect('/login/')
13.5 当前用户
目标: 实现 - 在页面的右上角,进行用户个人信息的获取并显示。
14.图片验证码
14.1 生成图片
pip install pillow
import random
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilterdef check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):code = []img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')def rndChar():"""生成随机字母:return:"""return chr(random.randint(65, 90))def rndColor():"""生成随机颜色:return:"""return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))# 写文字font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)for i in range(char_length):char = rndChar()code.append(char)h = random.randint(0, 4)draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())# 写干扰点for i in range(40):draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())# 写干扰圆圈for i in range(40):draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())x = random.randint(0, width)y = random.randint(0, height)draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())# 画干扰线for i in range(5):x1 = random.randint(0, width)y1 = random.randint(0, height)x2 = random.randint(0, width)y2 = random.randint(0, height)draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)return img, ''.join(code)if __name__ == '__main__':img, code_str = check_code()print(code_str)with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:img.save(f, format='png')
同时,Monaco.ttf字体文件包需要放到根目录下。
- 用户登录页面需要包含的内容
- 填写用户名、密码; 输入图片校验码内容并校验;注销;用户个人信息右上角展示;
- 在utils中写可复用的 code.py生成图片校验码的组件(含字体包)
- 在account.py中写入相应的图片校验码产出、存储、消费逻辑;并在登录页面中嵌入; 注销实现
- login.html中修改相应的验证码模块
- 修改右上角个人信息展示逻辑,需要修改母版文件 - layout.html
15. Ajax请求
浏览器向网站发送请求时:URL 和 表单的形式提交。
- GET
- POST
此类提交存在一个特点:页面刷新。
除此之外,也可以基于Ajax向后台发送请求(偷偷的发送请求)。
- 依赖jQuery
- 编写ajax代码
$.ajax({url:"发送的地址",type:"get",data:{n1:123,n2:456},success:function(res){console.log(res);}
})
15.1 GET请求
$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "get",data: {n1: 123,n2: 456},success: function (res) {console.log(res);}
})
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponsedef task_ajax(request):print(request.GET)return HttpResponse("成功了")
15.2 POST请求
$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "post",data: {n1: 123,n2: 456},success: function (res) {console.log(res);}
})
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt # 免除校验 @csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):print(request.GET)print(request.POST)return HttpResponse("成功了")
15.3 关闭绑定事件
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><h1>任务管理</h1><h3>示例1</h3><input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/></div>
{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script type="text/javascript">$(function () {// 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行bindBtn1Event();})function bindBtn1Event() {$("#btn1").click(function () {$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "post",data: {n1: 123,n2: 456},success: function (res) {console.log(res);}})})}</script>
{% endblock %}
15.4 ajax请求的返回值
一般都会返回JSON格式。后端是json格式,前端初始识别成string,需要进行类型转换
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><h1>任务管理</h1><h3>示例1</h3><input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击"/></div>
{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script type="text/javascript">$(function () {// 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行bindBtn1Event();})function bindBtn1Event() {$("#btn1").click(function () {$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "post",data: {n1: 123,n2: 456},dataType: "JSON", <!-- 虽然后端传过来的data_dict是json格式,但是前端会识别成string,因此需要进行类型转换 -->success: function (res) {console.log(res);console.log(res.status);console.log(res.data);}})})}</script>
{% endblock %}
import json
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exemptdef task_list(request):""" 任务列表 """return render(request, "task_list.html")@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):print(request.GET)print(request.POST)data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))
ajax请求案例实现,通过task模块借助展示:
from django.db import modelsclass Admin(models.Model):""" 管理员 """username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=32)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)def __str__(self):return self.usernameclass Department(models.Model):""" 部门表 """title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题', max_length=32)def __str__(self):return self.titleclass UserInfo(models.Model):""" 员工表 """name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)# create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")create_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="入职时间")# 无约束# depart_id = models.BigIntegerField(verbose_name="部门ID")# 1.有约束# - to,与那张表关联# - to_field,表中的那一列关联# 2.django自动# - 写的depart# - 生成数据列 depart_id# 3.部门表被删除# ### 3.1 级联删除depart = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="部门", to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)# ### 3.2 置空# depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)# 在django中做的约束gender_choices = ((1, "男"),(2, "女"),)gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)class PrettyNum(models.Model):""" 靓号表 """mobile = models.CharField(verbose_name="手机号", max_length=11)# 想要允许为空 null=True, blank=Trueprice = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格", default=0)level_choices = ((1, "1级"),(2, "2级"),(3, "3级"),(4, "4级"),)level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)status_choices = ((1, "已占用"),(2, "未使用"))status = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="状态", choices=status_choices, default=2)class Task(models.Model):""" 任务 """level_choices = ((1, "紧急"),(2, "重要"),(3, "临时"),)level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choices, default=1)title = models.CharField(verbose_name="标题", max_length=64)detail = models.TextField(verbose_name="详细信息")user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="负责人", to="Admin", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
import json
from django import forms
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt # 免除校验from app01 import models
from app01.utils.bootstrap import BootStrapModelFormclass TaskModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):class Meta:model = models.Taskfields = "__all__"widgets = {# "detail": forms.Textarea,"detail": forms.TextInput}def task_list(request):""" 任务列表 """form = TaskModelForm()return render(request, "task_list.html", {"form": form})@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):print(request.GET)print(request.POST)data_dict = {"status": True, 'data': [11, 22, 33, 44]}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))# return JsonResponse(data_dict)@csrf_exempt
def task_add(request):# {'level': ['1'], 'title': ['sdfsdfsdfsd'], 'detail': ['111'], 'user': ['8']}# print(request.POST)# 1.用户发送过来的数据进行校验(ModelForm进行校验)form = TaskModelForm(data=request.POST)if form.is_valid(): # 校验成功form.save()data_dict = {"status": True}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict))# 校验失败data_dict = {"status": False, 'error': form.errors}return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data_dict, ensure_ascii=False))
{% extends 'layout.html' %}{% block content %}<div class="container"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="panel-heading">表单</div><div class="panel-body"><form id="formAdd"> <!-- ID用于标识,下文中的js中相应的绑定事件--><div class="clearfix">{% for field in form %}<div class="col-xs-6"><div class="form-group" style="position: relative;margin-bottom: 20px;"><label>{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}<span class="error-msg" style="color: red;position: absolute;"></span></div></div>{% endfor %}<div class="col-xs-12"><button id="btnAdd" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button></div></div></form></div></div><hr/><h1>Ajax学习</h1><h3>示例1</h3><input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击1"/><h3>示例2</h3><input type="text" id="txtUser" placeholder="姓名"/><input type="text" id="txtAge" placeholder="年龄"/><input id="btn2" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击2"/><h3>示例3</h3><form id="form3"><input type="text" name="user" placeholder="姓名"/><input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"/><input type="text" name="email" placeholder="邮箱"/><input type="text" name="more" placeholder="介绍"/></form><input id="btn3" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="点击3"/></div>
{% endblock %}{% block js %}<script type="text/javascript">$(function () {// 页面框架加载完成之后代码自动执行bindBtn1Event();bindBtn2Event();bindBtn3Event();bindBtnAddEvent();})function bindBtn1Event() {$("#btn1").click(function () {$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "post",data: {n1: 123, <!-- 固定值-->n2: 456},dataType: "JSON", <!-- 虽然后端传过来的data_dict是json格式,但是前端会识别成string,因此需要进行类型转换 -->success: function (res) {console.log(res);console.log(res.status);console.log(res.data);}})})}function bindBtn2Event() {$("#btn2").click(function () {$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "post",data: {name: $("#txtUser").val(), <!-- 获取用户填写的数据-->age: $("#txtAge").val()},dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {console.log(res);console.log(res.status);console.log(res.data);}})})}function bindBtn3Event() {$("#btn3").click(function () {$.ajax({url: '/task/ajax/',type: "post",data: $("#form3").serialize(), <!-- 直接序列化,打包获取用户填写的数据-->dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {console.log(res);console.log(res.status);console.log(res.data);}})})}function bindBtnAddEvent() {$("#btnAdd").click(function () {$(".error-msg").empty(); <!-- 先清空error的数据信息 -->$.ajax({url: '/task/add/',type: "post",data: $("#formAdd").serialize(), <!-- #formAdd就是上文中的id,用于相互标识,绑定事件-->dataType: "JSON",success: function (res) {if (res.status) {alert("添加成功");} else {$.each(res.error, function (name, data) {// console.log(name,data);$("#id_" + name).next().text(data[0]);})}}})})}</script>
{% endblock %}
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