使用flask实现图书管理

方法一：主要使用sql语句[不易查资料]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,render_template,flash,request,redirect,url_for
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import pymysql
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import  StringField,SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired
app=Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key='itheima'
#创建数据库对象,获取游标
db = pymysql.connect('localhost', user="root", passwd="5366892", db='flask_books',use_unicode=True, charset="utf8",cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor=db.cursor()
#定义书和作者模型
cursor.execute('drop table if exists books')#先删除带有外键的
cursor.execute('drop table if exists authors')
sql="""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `authors` (`id` int(11)  AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` VARCHAR(16),PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB"""
cursor.execute(sql)
sql="""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `books` (`id` int(11)  AUTO_INCREMENT primary key,`name` VARCHAR(16),`pid` int(11) ,FOREIGN KEY (`pid`) REFERENCES authors(`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB """
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
#db.close()
#自定义表单类
class AuthorForm(FlaskForm):author= StringField('作者',validators=[DataRequired()])book=StringField('书籍',validators=[DataRequired()])submit = SubmitField('提交')
#网页中删除->点击需要发送书籍的ID给删除书籍的路由->路由需要接受参数
@app.route('/delete_book/<book_id>')
def delete_book(book_id):#1查询数据库，是否有该ID的书，如果有就删除，没有就提示错误cursor = db.cursor()sql_id = "select id from books where id='%s'"#混乱cursor.execute(sql_id % book_id)cunzai_id = cursor.fetchall()#2如果有就删除if len(cunzai_id):try:sql_id = "delete from books where id='%s'"  # 混乱cursor.execute(sql_id % book_id)except Exception as e:flash('删除书籍出错')else:flash('书籍找不到')#3没有就提示错误#如何返回当前网址->重定向#redirect:重定向，需要传入网络/路由地址#url_for('index'):需要传入视图函数名，返回该试图函数对应的路由地址return redirect(url_for('index'))
@app.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index():#创建自定义的表单类#author_form=AuthorForm()#1调用WTF的函数实现验证if author_form.validate_on_submit():#2验证通过的数据author_name=author_form.author.databook_name=author_form.book.data#3查询作者是否存在cursor = db.cursor()#print(author_name)##传参！sql_talk = "select name from authors where name='%s'"cursor.execute(sql_talk % author_name)cunzai=cursor.fetchall()#print(cunzai)#如果作者存在if  len(cunzai):#判断书籍是否存在sql_book = "select name from books where name='%s'"cursor.execute(sql_book % book_name)cunzai_book=cursor.fetchall()if len(cunzai_book) :flash('已存在同名书籍')else:try:#没有存在同名书籍，获得作者ID，提交作者ID和书名add_book_name=cunzai[0]['name']#print(name)sql_id="select id from authors where name='%s'"cursor.execute(sql_id % add_book_name)add_book_name= cursor.fetchall()#获得的作者的IDadd_book_name_id=add_book_name[0]['id']#print(book_name,add_book_name_id)#cursor.execute('INSERT INTO books(name,pid) VALUES({0},{1})'.format(book_name,add_book_name_id))cursor.execute('insert into books(name,pid) values(%s,%s)',(book_name,add_book_name_id))db.commit()except Exception as e:flash('添加书籍失败')else:#如果作者不存在，添加作者和书籍cursor.execute('insert into authors(name) values(%s)', author_name) #添加作者的名字，ID应该是自己加的sql_id = "select id from authors where name='%s'"cursor.execute(sql_id % author_name)add_book_name = cursor.fetchall()  # 获得的作者的IDadd_book_name_id = add_book_name[0]['id']cursor.execute('insert into books(name,pid) values(%s,%s)', (book_name, add_book_name_id))db.commit()else:if request.method== 'post':flash('参数有误')#global db#查询所有作者信息，让信息传递给模板cursor = db.cursor()sql = 'select * from authors;'cursor.execute(sql)authors_cx = cursor.fetchall()#sql_1='select books.`name`  AS booksName from authors,books where authors.id=books.pid 'sql_1 = 'select authors.`name` AS authorsName,books.`name`  AS booksName from authors,books where authors.id=books.pid 'cursor.execute(sql_1)#[{'booksName': '吞噬星空', 'authorsName': '郭敬明'}, {'booksName': '寸芒', 'authorsName': '郭敬明'},#{'booksName': '缥缈之旅', 'authorsName': '韩寒'}, {'booksName': '冰火魔厨', 'authorsName': '唐家三少'},#{'booksName': '老王回忆录', 'authorsName': '唐家三少'}]#cursor.fetchall()jieguo_dict=cursor.fetchall()authors_cx={}for book_dict in jieguo_dict:if authors_cx.get(book_dict['authorsName'])==None:authors_cx[book_dict['authorsName']]=[]authors_cx[book_dict['authorsName']].append(book_dict['booksName'])# print(authors_cx)#########################################################result=[]for key in authors_cx:author_dict={}author_dict['authorsName']=keyauthor_dict['booksName']=authors_cx[key]result.append(author_dict)#print(result)cursor.execute('select *  from books')books=cursor.fetchall()print(books)books_form={}for book in books:book_name=book['name']book_id=book['id']books_form[book_name]=book_idprint(books_form)return render_template('books.html', authors=result,form=author_form,book_form=books_form)
if __name__ == '__main__':cursor = db.cursor()sql_insert1='INSERT INTO authors(name) VALUES("郭敬明"),("韩寒"),("唐家三少")'cursor.execute(sql_insert1)sql_insert2 = 'INSERT INTO books(name,pid) VALUES("吞噬星空",1),("寸芒",1),("缥缈之旅",2),("冰火魔厨",3),("老王回忆录",3)'cursor.execute(sql_insert2)db.commit()'''''#result=cursor.execute('select books.`id`,books.`name`,books.`pid`  from books')#books=result.fetchall()###沿着错误cursor.execute('select *  from books')books=cursor.fetchall()print(books)'''''cursor.close()# db.close()app.run()

books.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">{{form.csrf_token()}}<br>{{form.author.label}}{{form.author}}<br>{{form.book.label}}{{form.book}}<br>{{form.submit}}<!--使用遍历获取闪现的消息-->{%for message in get_flashed_messages() %}{{message}}{%endfor%}
</form>
<hr>{% for author in authors %}<li>{{author.authorsName}}</li><ul>{% for book in author.booksName %}<li>{{book}}<a href="{{url_for('delete_book' ,book_id=book_form[book])}}">删除</a></li>{% endfor %}</ul>{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

方法二：使用flask-sqlchemy[简单]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,render_template,flash,request,redirect,url_for
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField,SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequiredapp = Flask(__name__)
#数据库配置
app.secret_key = 'csdnblog'
#app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/flask_books'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI']='mysql://root:5366892@localhost/flask_books'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
#作者模型
class Author(db.Model):__tablename__ = 'authors'id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)name = db.Column(db.String(16),unique=True)#关系引用books = db.relationship('Book',backref='author')def __repr__(self):return 'Author :%s' % self.name
#书籍模型
class Book(db.Model):__tablename__ = 'books'id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)name = db.Column(db.String(16),unique=True)author_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('authors.id'))def __repr__(self):return 'Book : %s %s' % (self.name,self.author_id)
#自定义表单类
class AuthorForm(FlaskForm):author = StringField('作者',validators=[DataRequired()])book = StringField('书籍',validators=[DataRequired()])submit = SubmitField('提交')
#删除作者逻辑同删除书籍
@app.route('/delete_author/<author_id>')
def delete_author(author_id):author = Author.query.get(author_id)if author:try:#查询完后直接删除Book.query.filter_by(author_id=author.id).delete()#删除作者db.session.delete(author)db.session.commit()except Exception as e:print(e)flash('删除作者失败')db.session.rollback()else:# 书籍不存在提示错误flash('作者没有找到')return redirect(url_for('index'))
#删除书籍 - -->网页中删除 - -->点击需要发送书籍的ID给删除书籍的路由 - -->路由需要接收参数
#传入书籍ID
@app.route('/delete_book/<book_id>')
def delete_book(book_id):#查询是否存在该ID的书book= Book.query.get(book_id)#如果有就删除if book:try:db.session.delete(book)db.session.commit()except Exception as e:print(e)flash('删除书籍失败')db.session.rollback()else:#书籍不存在提示错误flash('书籍没有找到')#url_for传入视图函数名返回该视图函数对应的路由地址return redirect(url_for('index'))@app.route('/',methods=['POST','GET'])
def index():author_form = AuthorForm()#调用WTF函数实现验证if author_form.validate_on_submit():#验证通过获取数据author_name = author_form.author.databook_name = author_form.book.data#判断作者是否存在author = Author.query.filter_by(name = author_name).first()#如果作者存在if author:#判断书籍是否存在book = Book.query.filter_by(name = book_name).first()#有就提示重复if book:flash('已存在同名书籍')#没有重复书籍就添加数据else:try:new_book = Book(name=book_name,author_id=author.id)db.session.add(new_book)db.session.commit()except Exception as e:print(e)flash('添加书籍失败')db.session.rollback()#如果作者不存在添加作者书籍else:try:new_author = Author(name=author_name)db.session.add(new_author)db.session.commit()new_book = Book(name=book_name,author_id=new_author.id)db.session.add(new_book)db.session.commit()except Exception as e:print(e)flash('添加作者和书籍失败')db.session.rollback()#验证不通过就提示错误else:if request.method == 'POST':flash('参数不全')authors = Author.query.all()return render_template('books1.html',authors=authors,form = author_form)if __name__ == '__main__':db.drop_all()db.create_all()#生成数据au1 = Author(name='老王')au2 = Author(name='老宋')au3 = Author(name='老刘')db.session.add_all([au1,au2,au3])db.session.commit()bk1 = Book(name='老王回忆录',author_id=au1.id)bk2 = Book(name='我读书少你别骗我',author_id=au1.id)bk3 = Book(name='如何征服美丽少女',author_id=au2.id)bk4 = Book(name='如何征服美丽少男',author_id=au2.id)bk5 = Book(name='如何使自己变得更骚',author_id=au3.id)bk6 = Book(name='我变秃了，也变强了',author_id=au3.id)db.session.add_all([bk1, bk2, bk3,bk4,bk5,bk6])db.session.commit()app.run(debug=True)

books1.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">{{ form.csrf_token() }}{{ form.author.label }}{{ form.author }}<br>{{ form.book.label }}{{ form.book }}<br>{{ form.submit }}<br>{% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}{{ message }}{% endfor %}</form>
<hr>
<ul>{% for author in authors %}<li>{{ author.name }}<a href="{{ url_for("delete_author",author_id = author.id) }}">删除</a></li><ul>{% for book in author.books %}<li>{{ book.name }}<a href="{{ url_for("delete_book",book_id = book.id) }}">删除</a></li>{% else %}<li>无</li>{% endfor %}</ul>{% endfor %}
</ul></body>
</html>

以前写的，网上不大好查资料，和伙伴交流最终两种方法都实现了！开森~

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