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网络爬虫是一个自动提取网页62616964757a686964616fe4b893e5b19e31333365636561的程序，它为搜索引擎从万维网上下载网页，是搜索引擎的重要组成。

传统爬虫从一个或若干初始网页的URL开始，获得初始网页上的URL，在抓取网页的过程中，不断从当前页面上抽取新的URL放入队列，直到满足系统的一定停止条件。对于垂直搜索来说，聚焦爬虫，即有针对性地爬取特定主题网页的爬虫，更为适合。

以下是一个使用java实现的简单爬虫核心代码：

public void crawl() throws Throwable {

while (continueCrawling()) {

CrawlerUrl url = getNextUrl(); //获取待爬取队列中的下一个URL

if (url != null) {

printCrawlInfo();

String content = getContent(url); //获取URL的文本信息

//聚焦爬虫只爬取与主题内容相关的网页，这里采用正则匹配简单处理

if (isContentRelevant(content, this.regexpSearchPattern)) {

saveContent(url, content); //保存网页至本地

//获取网页内容中的链接，并放入待爬取队列中

Collection urlStrings = extractUrls(content, url);

addUrlsToUrlQueue(url, urlStrings);

} else {

System.out.println(url + " is not relevant ignoring ...");

}

//延时防止被对方屏蔽

Thread.sleep(this.delayBetweenUrls);

}

}

closeOutputStream();

}

private CrawlerUrl getNextUrl() throws Throwable {

CrawlerUrl nextUrl = null;

while ((nextUrl == null) && (!urlQueue.isEmpty())) {

CrawlerUrl crawlerUrl = this.urlQueue.remove();

//doWeHavePermissionToVisit：是否有权限访问该URL，友好的爬虫会根据网站提供的"Robot.txt"中配置的规则进行爬取

//isUrlAlreadyVisited：URL是否访问过，大型的搜索引擎往往采用BloomFilter进行排重，这里简单使用HashMap

//isDepthAcceptable：是否达到指定的深度上限。爬虫一般采取广度优先的方式。一些网站会构建爬虫陷阱(自动生成一些无效链接使爬虫陷入死循环)，采用深度限制加以避免

if (doWeHavePermissionToVisit(crawlerUrl)

&& (!isUrlAlreadyVisited(crawlerUrl))

&& isDepthAcceptable(crawlerUrl)) {

nextUrl = crawlerUrl;

// System.out.println("Next url to be visited is " + nextUrl);

}

}

return nextUrl;

}

private String getContent(CrawlerUrl url) throws Throwable {

//HttpClient4.1的调用与之前的方式不同

HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url.getUrlString());

StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();

HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);

if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {

HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

if (entity != null) {

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(

new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent(), "UTF-8"));

String line = null;

if (entity.getContentLength() > 0) {

strBuf = new StringBuffer((int) entity.getContentLength());

while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

strBuf.append(line);

}

}

}

if (entity != null) {

nsumeContent();

}

}

//将url标记为已访问

markUrlAsVisited(url);

return strBuf.toString();

}

public static boolean isContentRelevant(String content,

Pattern regexpPattern) {

boolean retValue = false;

if (content != null) {

//是否符合正则表达式的条件

Matcher m = regexpPattern.matcher(content.toLowerCase());

retValue = m.find();

}

return retValue;

}

public List extractUrls(String text, CrawlerUrl crawlerUrl) {

Map urlMap = new HashMap();

extractHttpUrls(urlMap, text);

extractRelativeUrls(urlMap, text, crawlerUrl);

return new ArrayList(urlMap.keySet());

}

private void extractHttpUrls(Map urlMap, String text) {

Matcher m = (text);

while (m.find()) {

String url = m.group();

String[] terms = url.split("a href=\"");

for (String term : terms) {

// System.out.println("Term = " + term);

if (term.startsWith("http")) {

int index = term.indexOf("\"");

if (index > 0) {

term = term.substring(0, index);

}

urlMap.put(term, term);

System.out.println("Hyperlink: " + term);

}

}

}

}

private void extractRelativeUrls(Map urlMap, String text,

CrawlerUrl crawlerUrl) {

Matcher m = relativeRegexp.matcher(text);

URL textURL = crawlerUrl.getURL();

String host = textURL.getHost();

while (m.find()) {

String url = m.group();

String[] terms = url.split("a href=\"");

for (String term : terms) {

if (term.startsWith("/")) {

int index = term.indexOf("\"");

if (index > 0) {

term = term.substring(0, index);

}

String s = //" + host + term;

urlMap.put(s, s);

System.out.println("Relative url: " + s);

}

}

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

String url = "";

Queue urlQueue = new LinkedList();

String regexp = "java";

urlQueue.add(new CrawlerUrl(url, 0));

NaiveCrawler crawler = new NaiveCrawler(urlQueue, 100, 5, 1000L,

regexp);

// boolean allowCrawl = crawler.areWeAllowedToVisit(url);

// System.out.println("Allowed to crawl: " + url + " " +

// allowCrawl);

crawler.crawl();

} catch (Throwable t) {

System.out.println(t.toString());

t.printStackTrace();

}

}

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