【Django快速开发实战】（1~29）使用Django创建一个基础应用：职位管理系统
2024-06-20 12:22:38
1.总体描述
1.1产品需求：
1.2职位管理系统-建模
1.3 Django项目代码结构
- 新增recruitment项目
django-admin startproject recruitment
- 新增APP
python manage.py startapp job
- settings.py安装APP
INSTALLED_APPS = ['jobs',
]
- 同步数据库
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
05 | 开始Django之旅 ：10分钟如何创建一个可以管理职位的后台
Jobs/models.py的Job模型
created_date 和 modified_date 为自动添加的时间。
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User# Create your models here.
JobTypes = [(0,"技术类"),(1,"产品类"),(2,"运营类"),(3,"设计类"),(4,"市场营销类")
]Cities = [(0,"北京"),(1,"上海"),(2,"深圳"),(3,"杭州"),(4,"广州")
]class Job(models.Model):# Translators: 职位实体的翻译job_type = models.SmallIntegerField(blank=False, choices=JobTypes, verbose_name=("职位类别"))job_name = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=False, verbose_name=("职位名称"))job_city = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=Cities, blank=False, verbose_name=("工作地点"))job_responsibility = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name=("职位职责"))job_requirement = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=False, verbose_name=("职位要求"))creator = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=("创建人"), null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)created_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=("创建日期"), auto_now_add=True)modified_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=("修改日期"), auto_now=True)class Meta:verbose_name = ('职位')verbose_name_plural = ('职位列表')def __str__(self):return self.job_name
06 | 产品体验优化：快速迭代完善应用
admin.py修改
save_model()使creator可以默认选择当前user。
from django.contrib import admin
from jobs.models import Jobclass JobAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('creator','created_date','modified_date')list_display = ('job_name', 'job_type', 'job_city', 'creator', 'created_date', 'modified_date')def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):if obj.creator is None:obj.creator = request.usersuper().save_model(request, obj, form, change)# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Job,JobAdmin)
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/jobs/job/
07 | 添加自定义页面：让匿名用户可以浏览职位列表页
views.py
from django.shortcuts import renderfrom jobs.models import Job
from jobs.models import Cities, JobTypes# Create your views here.
def joblist(request):job_list = Job.objects.order_by('job_type')context = {'job_list': job_list}for job in job_list:job.city_name = Cities[job.job_city][1]job.type_name = JobTypes[job.job_type][1]return render(request, 'joblist.html', context)
template/base.html
<!--jobs/templates/base.html-->
<h1 style="margin:auto;width:50%">匠果科技开放职位</h1><p></p>{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
template/joblist.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}{% block content %}{% if job_list %}<ul>{% for job in job_list %}<li>{{job.type_name}} <a href="/job/{{ job.id }}/" style="color:blue">{{ job.job_name }}</a> {{job.city_name}} </li>{% endfor %}</ul>
{% else %}<p>No jobs are available.</p>
{% endif %}{% endblock %}
recruitment/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,includeurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path("", include("jobs.urls")),
]jobs/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from jobs import viewsurlpatterns = [# 职位列表path("joblist/", views.joblist, name="joblist"),
]
http://127.0.0.1:8000/joblist/
08 | 添加自定义页面：让匿名用户可以查看职位详情
template/job.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}{% block content %}<div style="margin:auto; width:50%;">{% if job %}<div class="position_name" z><h2>岗位名称：{{job.job_name}} </h2>城市：{{job.city_name}} <p></p></div><hr><div class="position_responsibility" style="width:600px;"><h3>岗位职责：</h3><pre style="font-size:16px">{{job.job_responsibility}}</pre></div><hr><div class="position_requirement" style="width:600px; "><h3>任职要求：</h3><pre style="font-size:16px">{{job.job_requirement}}</pre></div><div class="apply_position"><input type="button" class="btn btn-primary" style="width:120px;" value="申请" onclick="location.href='/resume/add/?apply_position={{job.job_name}}&city={{job.city_name}}'"/></div>
{% else %}<p>职位不存在</p>
{% endif %}{% endblock %}
</div>
views.py
def detail(request, job_id):try:job = Job.objects.get(pk=job_id)job.city_name = Cities[job.job_city][1]except Job.DoesNotExist:raise Http404("Job does not exist")return render(request, 'job.html', {'job': job})
更新jobs/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from jobs import viewsurlpatterns = [# 职位列表path("joblist/", views.joblist, name="joblist"),# 职位详情#url(r'^job/(?P<job_id>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),path('job/<int:job_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
]
09 | 开始一个正式的产品：产品背景、迭代思维与MVP产品规划
10 | 唯快不破：在产品中使用产品迭代思维
11 | 数据建模 & 企业级数据库设计原则
12 | 创建应用和模型，分组展示页面内容
两个需求可以合二为一：1）HR可以维护候选人信息；2）面试官可以维护面试反馈。
增加interview APP
python manage.py startapp interview
INSTALLED_APPS = [......'interview',......
]
jobs/models.py
# 候选人学历
DEGREE_TYPE = ((u'本科', u'本科'), (u'硕士', u'硕士'), (u'博士', u'博士'))
interview/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import Userfrom jobs.models import DEGREE_TYPE# 第一轮面试结果
FIRST_INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE = ((u'建议复试', u'建议复试'), (u'待定', u'待定'), (u'放弃', u'放弃'))# 复试面试建议
INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE = ((u'建议录用', u'建议录用'), (u'待定', u'待定'), (u'放弃', u'放弃'))# HR终面结论
HR_SCORE_TYPE = (('S', 'S'), ('A', 'A'), ('B', 'B'), ('C', 'C'))class Candidate(models.Model):# 基础信息userid = models.IntegerField(unique=True, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name=u'应聘者ID')username = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name=u'姓名')city = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name=u'城市')phone = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name=u'手机号码')email = models.EmailField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'邮箱')apply_position = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'应聘职位')born_address = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'生源地')gender = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'性别')candidate_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'候选人信息备注')# 学校与学历信息bachelor_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'本科学校')master_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'研究生学校')doctor_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'博士生学校')major = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'专业')degree = models.CharField(max_length=135, choices=DEGREE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'学历')# 综合能力测评成绩，笔试测评成绩test_score_of_general_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=3, blank=True,verbose_name=u'综合能力测评成绩')paper_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=3, blank=True, verbose_name=u'笔试成绩')# 第一轮面试记录first_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name=u'初试分',help_text=u'1-5分，极优秀: >=4.5，优秀: 4-4.4，良好: 3.5-3.9，一般: 3-3.4，较差: <3分')first_learning_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'学习能力得分')first_professional_competency = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'专业能力得分')first_advantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'优势')first_disadvantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'顾虑和不足')first_result = models.CharField(max_length=256, choices=FIRST_INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name=u'初试结果')first_recommend_position = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name=u'推荐部门')first_interviewer_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='first_interviewer_user', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=u'面试官')first_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'初试备注')# 第二轮面试记录second_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name=u'专业复试得分',help_text=u'1-5分，极优秀: >=4.5，优秀: 4-4.4，良好: 3.5-3.9，一般: 3-3.4，较差: <3分')second_learning_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'学习能力得分')second_professional_competency = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'专业能力得分')second_pursue_of_excellence = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'追求卓越得分')second_communication_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'沟通能力得分')second_pressure_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name=u'抗压能力得分')second_advantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'优势')second_disadvantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'顾虑和不足')second_result = models.CharField(max_length=256, choices=INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'专业复试结果')second_recommend_position = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name=u'建议方向或推荐部门')second_interviewer_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='second_interviewer_user', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=u'二面面试官')second_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'专业复试备注')# HR终面hr_score = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR复试综合等级')hr_responsibility = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR责任心')hr_communication_ability = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name=u'HR坦诚沟通')hr_logic_ability = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR逻辑思维')hr_potential = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR发展潜力')hr_stability = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR稳定性')hr_advantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'优势')hr_disadvantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'顾虑和不足')hr_result = models.CharField(max_length=256, choices=INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR复试结果')hr_interviewer_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='hr_interviewer_user', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=u'HR面试官')hr_remark = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name=u'HR复试备注')creator = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name=u'候选人数据的创建人')created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name=u'创建时间')modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name=u'更新时间')last_editor = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name=u'最后编辑者')class Meta:db_table = u'candidate'verbose_name = u'应聘者'verbose_name_plural = u'应聘者'# Python 3 直接定义 __str__() 方法即可，系统使用这个方法来把对象转换成字符串def __str__(self):return self.usernameinterview/admin.py
fieldsets的快速设定方法：填写fieldsets时，可把models的字段全部拷贝进去再删除。
from django.contrib import admin
from interview.models import Candidate# Register your models here.# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('creator', 'created_date', 'modified_date')list_display = ('username', 'city', 'bachelor_school', 'first_score', 'first_result', 'first_interviewer_user', 'second_score','second_result', 'second_interviewer_user', 'hr_score', 'hr_result', 'hr_interviewer_user',)# 分组展示字段，分三块，基础信息、第一轮面试记录、第二轮面试（专业复试）、HR复试fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),('HR复试', {'fields': ("hr_score", ("hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability", "hr_logic_ability"), ("hr_potential", "hr_stability"),"hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer_user", "hr_remark",)}),)admin.site.register(Candidate, CandidateAdmin)http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/interview/candidate/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/interview/candidate/1/change/
13 | 产品新需求：如何批量从Excel文件导入候选人数据（命令行工具）
参考django官方文档链接
新增interview\management\commands\import_candidates.py
可以使用python manage.py import_candidates --path /path/to/your/file.csv来批量导入信息。
import csv
from django.core.management import BaseCommand
from interview.models import Candidate# run command to import candidates:
# python manage.py import_candidates --path /path/to/your/file.csvclass Command(BaseCommand):help = '从一个CSV文件的内容中读取候选人列表，导入到数据库中'def add_arguments(self, parser):parser.add_argument('--path', type=str)def handle(self, *args, **kwargs):path = kwargs['path']with open(path, 'rt', encoding="gbk") as f:reader = csv.reader(f, dialect='excel', delimiter=';')for row in reader:candidate = Candidate.objects.create(username=row[0],city=row[1],phone=row[2],bachelor_school=row[3],major=row[4],degree=row[5],test_score_of_general_ability=row[6],paper_score=row[7])print(candidate)
命令行
C:\Users\Season\Desktop\4.python网页前后端\Django基础教程\workspace4-recruiting\recruitment【13-】>python manage.py import_candidates --path candidates.csv
刘倩
陈欣欣
刘德华
李小龙
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/interview/candidate/
admin管理界面可以看到批量导入的名单。
14 | 产品体验优化：候选人列表筛选和查询
更新interview/admin.py
新增以下代码
# 右侧筛选条件list_filter = ('city','first_result','second_result','hr_result','first_interviewer_user','second_interviewer_user','hr_interviewer_user')# 查询字段search_fields = ('username', 'phone', 'email', 'bachelor_school')### 列表页排序字段ordering = ('hr_result','second_result','first_result',)
变更后的admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from interview.models import Candidate# Register your models here.# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('creator', 'created_date', 'modified_date')list_display = ('username', 'city', 'bachelor_school', 'first_score', 'first_result', 'first_interviewer_user', 'second_score','second_result', 'second_interviewer_user', 'hr_score', 'hr_result', 'hr_interviewer_user',)# 右侧筛选条件list_filter = ('city','first_result','second_result','hr_result','first_interviewer_user','second_interviewer_user','hr_interviewer_user')# 查询字段search_fields = ('username', 'phone', 'email', 'bachelor_school')### 列表页排序字段ordering = ('hr_result','second_result','first_result',)# 分组展示字段，分三块，基础信息、第一轮面试记录、第二轮面试（专业复试）、HR复试fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),('HR复试', {'fields': ("hr_score", ("hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability", "hr_logic_ability"), ("hr_potential", "hr_stability"),"hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer_user", "hr_remark",)}),)admin.site.register(Candidate, CandidateAdmin)#admin.site.register(Candidate)http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/interview/candidate/?o=11.8.-5
15 | 省去单独的账号管理工作：企业域账号集成（略）
16 | 批量设置面试官：面试官的导入、授权
建立hr和interview的权限群组
将user赋予权限群组
17 | 产品新需求 ：如何导出候选人的数据到CSV（增加自定义的数据操作菜单）
django链接
其他参考链接添加链接描述
response.charset = ‘utf-8-sig’ # 可选, 修改编码为带BOM的utf-8格式(Excel打开不会有乱码)
interview/admin.py
新增export_model_as_csv()、exportable_fields ，将actions = (export_model_as_csv, )加进去class CandidateAdmin。
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse
from interview.models import Candidate
from datetime import datetime
import csv
# Register your models here.exportable_fields = ('username', 'city', 'phone', 'bachelor_school', 'master_school', 'degree', 'first_result', 'first_interviewer_user','second_result', 'second_interviewer_user', 'hr_result', 'hr_score', 'hr_remark', 'hr_interviewer_user')# define export action
def export_model_as_csv(modeladmin, request, queryset):response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')field_list = exportable_fieldsresponse['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=%s-list-%s.csv' % ('recruitment-candidates',datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S'),)# 写入表头response.charset = 'utf-8-sig' # 可选, 修改编码为带BOM的utf-8格式(Excel打开不会有乱码)writer = csv.writer(response)writer.writerow([queryset.model._meta.get_field(f).verbose_name.title() for f in field_list],)for obj in queryset:## 单行 的记录（各个字段的值）， 根据字段对象，从当前实例 (obj) 中获取字段值csv_line_values = []for field in field_list:field_object = queryset.model._meta.get_field(field)field_value = field_object.value_from_object(obj)csv_line_values.append(field_value)writer.writerow(csv_line_values)return responseexport_model_as_csv.short_description = u'导出为CSV文件'# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('creator', 'created_date', 'modified_date')actions = (export_model_as_csv, )list_display = ('username', 'city', 'bachelor_school', 'first_score', 'first_result', 'first_interviewer_user', 'second_score','second_result', 'second_interviewer_user', 'hr_score', 'hr_result', 'hr_interviewer_user',)# 右侧筛选条件list_filter = ('city','first_result','second_result','hr_result','first_interviewer_user','second_interviewer_user','hr_interviewer_user')# 查询字段search_fields = ('username', 'phone', 'email', 'bachelor_school')### 列表页排序字段ordering = ('hr_result','second_result','first_result',)# 分组展示字段，分三块，基础信息、第一轮面试记录、第二轮面试（专业复试）、HR复试fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),('HR复试', {'fields': ("hr_score", ("hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability", "hr_logic_ability"), ("hr_potential", "hr_stability"),"hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer_user", "hr_remark",)}),)admin.site.register(Candidate, CandidateAdmin)#admin.site.register(Candidate)http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/interview/candidate/
18 | 如何记录日志方便排查问题
django的logging文档
https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/3.1/topics/logging/#topic-logging-parts-handlers
设置LOGGING：settings.py（简单版）
当logger中的django_python3_ldap的level在DEBUG以上，就调用handlers–“console”。而handlers已经定义了指定的输出方式。而formatter是指定输出格式。
# 日志
LOGGING = {'version': 1,'disable_existing_loggers': False,'handlers': {'console': {'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',},},'loggers': {"django_python3_ldap": {"handlers": ["console"],"level": "DEBUG",},},
}
设置LOGGING：settings.py（进阶版）
LOGGING = {'version': 1,'disable_existing_loggers': False,'formatters': {'simple': { # exact format is not important, this is the minimum information'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(lineno)d %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',},},'handlers': {'console': {'class': 'logging.StreamHandler','formatter': 'simple',},'mail_admins': { # Add Handler for mail_admins for `warning` and above'level': 'ERROR','class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler',},'file': {#'level': 'INFO','class': 'logging.FileHandler','formatter': 'simple','filename': os.path.join(LOG_DIR, 'recruitment.admin.log'),},'performance': {#'level': 'INFO','class': 'logging.FileHandler','formatter': 'simple','filename': os.path.join(LOG_DIR, 'recruitment.performance.log'),},},'root': {'handlers': ['console', 'file'],'level': 'INFO',},'loggers': {"django_python3_ldap": {"handlers": ["console", "file"],"level": "DEBUG",},"interview.performance": {"handlers": ["console", "performance"],"level": "INFO","propagate": False,},'django': {"handlers": ["console","file"],"level": "INFO",'propagate': True,},},
}设置LOGGING：settings.py（其实可以写少一点）
LOGGING = {'version':1,'disable_existing_loggers':False,'formatters':{'simple':{'format':'%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(lineno)d %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',}},'handlers':{'console':{'class':'logging.StreamHandler','formatter':'simple',},'file':{'class':'logging.FileHandler','formatter':'simple','filename':os.path.join(LOG_DIR,'recruitment.admin.log')},},'root':{'handlers':['console','file'],'level':'INFO',},
}
在模块中使用log：interview/admin.py
备注：这里默认会调用root。不会使用loggers里面的如interview.performance。
注意logger = logging.getLogger( name )和logger.error(" %s has exported %s candidate records" % (request.user.username, len(queryset)))
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse
from interview.models import Candidate
from datetime import datetime
import csvimport logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)exportable_fields = ('username', 'city', 'phone', 'bachelor_school', 'master_school', 'degree', 'first_result', 'first_interviewer_user','second_result', 'second_interviewer_user', 'hr_result', 'hr_score', 'hr_remark', 'hr_interviewer_user')# define export action
def export_model_as_csv(modeladmin, request, queryset):response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')field_list = exportable_fieldsresponse['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=%s-list-%s.csv' % ('recruitment-candidates',datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S'),)# 写入表头writer = csv.writer(response)writer.writerow([queryset.model._meta.get_field(f).verbose_name.title() for f in field_list],)for obj in queryset:## 单行 的记录（各个字段的值）， 根据字段对象，从当前实例 (obj) 中获取字段值csv_line_values = []for field in field_list:field_object = queryset.model._meta.get_field(field)field_value = field_object.value_from_object(obj)csv_line_values.append(field_value)writer.writerow(csv_line_values)logger.error(" %s has exported %s candidate records" % (request.user.username, len(queryset)))return responseexport_model_as_csv.short_description = u'导出为CSV文件'
recruitment.admin.log
2021-11-16 07:30:11,714 django.utils.autoreload 613 INFO Watching for file changes with StatReloader
2021-11-16 07:30:11,714 django.utils.autoreload 613 INFO Watching for file changes with StatReloader
2021-11-16 07:30:58,594 django.server 157 INFO "GET /admin/interview/candidate/ HTTP/1.1" 200 15726
2021-11-16 07:30:58,594 django.server 157 INFO "GET /admin/interview/candidate/ HTTP/1.1" 200 15726
2021-11-16 07:31:03,627 interview.admin 38 ERROR season has exported 5 candidate records
2021-11-16 07:31:03,629 django.server 157 INFO "POST /admin/interview/candidate/ HTTP/1.1" 200 496
2021-11-16 07:31:03,629 django.server 157 INFO "POST /admin/interview/candidate/ HTTP/1.1" 200 496LogRecord attributes
链接
19 | 生产环境的配置如何管理更安全： 生产环境与开发环境配置分离
简单来说，就是base是基类，然后python manage runserver时候切换local或production环境的设定，如果字典没有设定值，就采用base基类的默认值。
manage.py
os.environ.setdefault(‘DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE’, ‘settings.base’)
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
import os
import sysdef main():"""Run administrative tasks."""#os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'recruitment.settings')os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'settings.base')try:from django.core.management import execute_from_command_lineexcept ImportError as exc:raise ImportError("Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and ""available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you ""forget to activate a virtual environment?") from excexecute_from_command_line(sys.argv)if __name__ == '__main__':main()将settings.py变为settings文件夹
local.py
from .base import *DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = ["recruit.ihopeit.com","127.0.0.1"]production.py
其中，DEBUG可以设定为False。
from .base import *DEBUG = FalseALLOWED_HOSTS = ["recruit.ihopeit.com","127.0.0.1"]runserver - production.bat来启动生产环境
python manage.py runserver --settings=settings.production
runserver - local.bat来启动本地环境
python manage.py runserver --settings=settings.local
settings/base.py
"""
Django settings for recruitment project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.7.For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""from pathlib import Path
import os# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
LOG_DIR = os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR)# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-s=_#6o=h)t_2*c^sor=1gtmrpa(5&oie+k_ilxh$7#&&^9z$l6'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = []# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','jobs','interview',
]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ROOT_URLCONF = 'recruitment.urls'TEMPLATES = [{'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [],'APP_DIRS': True,'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},
]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'recruitment.wsgi.application'# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3','NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',}
}# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',},
]# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# 日志
# LOGGING = {# 'version': 1,
# 'disable_existing_loggers': False,
# 'handlers': {# 'console': {# 'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
# },
# },
# 'loggers': {# "django_python3_ldap": {# "handlers": ["console"],
# "level": "DEBUG",
# },
# },
# }LOGGING = {'version': 1,'disable_existing_loggers': False,'formatters': {'simple': { # exact format is not important, this is the minimum information'format': '%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(lineno)d %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',},},'handlers': {'console': {'class': 'logging.StreamHandler','formatter': 'simple',},'mail_admins': { # Add Handler for mail_admins for `warning` and above'level': 'ERROR','class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler',},'file': {#'level': 'INFO','class': 'logging.FileHandler','formatter': 'simple','filename': os.path.join(LOG_DIR, 'recruitment.admin.log'),},'performance': {#'level': 'INFO','class': 'logging.FileHandler','formatter': 'simple','filename': os.path.join(LOG_DIR, 'recruitment.performance.log'),},},'root': {'handlers': ['console', 'file'],'level': 'INFO',},'loggers': {"django_python3_ldap": {"handlers": ["console", "file"],"level": "DEBUG",},"interview.performance": {"handlers": ["console", "performance"],"level": "INFO","propagate": False,},'django': {"handlers": ["console","file"],"level": "INFO",'propagate': True,},},
}# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = '/static/'# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-fieldDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'20 | 产品细节完善
需求点说明
修改站点命名
- recruitement/urls.py
admin.site.site_header = _('招聘管理系统')
- 实际效果
设定字段提示help_text
- interview/models.py
first_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name=u'初试分',help_text=u'1-5分，极优秀: >=4.5，优秀: 4-4.4，良好: 3.5-3.9，一般: 3-3.4，较差: <3分')second_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name=u'专业复试得分', help_text=u'1-5分，极优秀: >=4.5，优秀: 4-4.4，良好: 3.5-3.9，一般: 3-3.4，较差: <3分')
- 实际效果
面试官信息与登录用户关联，面试官只有HR可以修改
- interview/models.py
first_interviewer_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='first_interviewer_user', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=u'一面面试官')second_interviewer_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='second_interviewer_user', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=u'二面面试官')hr_interviewer_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='hr_interviewer_user', blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=u'HR面试官')
- 实际效果
对于面试官角色，设置一面面试官字段、二面面试官字段为只读属性（运用get_readonly_fields方法）
- interview/admin.py
# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):### 设定只读字段#readonly_fields = ('first_interviewer_user','second_interviewer_user',)def get_group_names(self, user):group_names = []for g in user.groups.all():group_names.append(g.name)return group_namesdef get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj):group_names = self.get_group_names(request.user)if 'interviewer' in group_names:logger.info("interviewer is in user's group for %s" % request.user.username)return ('first_interviewer_user','second_interviewer_user',)return ()
- 实际效果
HR角色可以在列表页面直接修改一面面试官、二面面试官：list_editable属性
- interview/admin.py
### HR在列表页直接编辑面试官信息default_list_editable = ('first_interviewer_user','second_interviewer_user',)def get_list_editable(self, request):group_names = self.get_group_names(request.user)if request.user.is_superuser or 'hr' in group_names:return self.default_list_editablereturn ()def get_changelist_instance(self, request):self.list_editable = self.get_list_editable(request)return super().get_changelist_instance(request)
- HR可编辑面试官字段
- 面试官只能查看面试官字段
- 被重写的方法（位于option.py）
def get_readonly_fields(self, request, obj=None):"""Hook for specifying custom readonly fields."""return self.readonly_fieldsdef get_changelist_instance(self, request):"""Return a `ChangeList` instance based on `request`. May raise`IncorrectLookupParameters`."""list_display = self.get_list_display(request)list_display_links = self.get_list_display_links(request, list_display)# Add the action checkboxes if any actions are available.if self.get_actions(request):list_display = ['action_checkbox', *list_display]sortable_by = self.get_sortable_by(request)ChangeList = self.get_changelist(request)return ChangeList(request,self.model,list_display,list_display_links,self.get_list_filter(request),self.date_hierarchy,self.get_search_fields(request),self.get_list_select_related(request),self.list_per_page,self.list_max_show_all,self.list_editable,self,sortable_by,)
21 | 定制更美观的主题
安装步骤
CMD
C:\Users\Season>pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple django-grappelli
settings/base.py
# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['grappelli','django.contrib.admin',
......
]
urls.py
path('grappelli/', include("grappelli.urls")),path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
实际效果较django原生页面要好看
22 | 定制面试官权限
需求描述
数据权限：专业面试官只能评估自己负责的环节1
重写get_fieldsets()方法。
- interview/admin.py
# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 分组展示字段，分三块，基础信息、第一轮面试记录、第二轮面试（专业复试）、HR复试default_fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),('HR复试', {'fields': ("hr_score", ("hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability", "hr_logic_ability"), ("hr_potential", "hr_stability"),"hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer_user", "hr_remark",)}),)# 一面面试官字段default_fieldsets_first = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),)# 二面面试官字段default_fieldsets_second = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),)# 一面面试官只可以修改一面信息，二面面试官只可以修改二面信息def get_fieldsets(self, request, obj):group_names = self.get_group_names(request.user)if 'interviewer' in group_names and obj.first_interviewer_user == request.user:return self.default_fieldsets_firstif 'interviewer' in group_names and obj.second_interviewer_user == request.user:return self.default_fieldsets_secondreturn self.default_fieldsets
数据权限：专业面试官只能评估自己负责的环节2–优化candidate_fieldsets
- interview/admin.py
import interview.candidate_fieldsets as cf# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 一面面试官只可以修改一面信息，二面面试官只可以修改二面信息def get_fieldsets(self, request, obj):group_names = self.get_group_names(request.user)if 'interviewer' in group_names and obj.first_interviewer_user == request.user:#return self.default_fieldsets_firstreturn cf.default_fieldsets_firstif 'interviewer' in group_names and obj.second_interviewer_user == request.user:#return self.default_fieldsets_secondreturn cf.default_fieldsets_second#return self.default_fieldsetsreturn cf.default_fieldsets
- interview/candidate_fieldsets.py
# 分组展示字段，分三块，基础信息、第一轮面试记录、第二轮面试（专业复试）、HR复试
default_fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),('HR复试', {'fields': ("hr_score", ("hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability", "hr_logic_ability"), ("hr_potential", "hr_stability"),"hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer_user", "hr_remark",)}),)# 一面面试官字段
default_fieldsets_first = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第一轮面试', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage","first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer_user", "first_remark",)}),)# 二面面试官字段
default_fieldsets_second = ((None, {'fields': ("userid", ("username", "city", "phone"), ("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark"),("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), "test_score_of_general_ability","paper_score",)}),('第二轮面试（专业复试）', {'fields': ("second_score", ("second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage","second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position","second_interviewer_user", "second_remark",)}),)
数据集权限：专业面试官只能看到分到自己的候选人
重写get_queryset()方法
- interview/admin.py
from django.db.models import Q# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 对于非管理员，非HR，获取自己是一面面试官或者二面面试官的候选人集合:sdef get_queryset(self, request): # show data only owned by the userqs = super(CandidateAdmin, self).get_queryset(request)group_names = self.get_group_names(request.user)if request.user.is_superuser or 'hr' in group_names:return qsreturn Candidate.objects.filter(Q(first_interviewer_user=request.user) | Q(second_interviewer_user=request.user))
功能权限：数据导出权限仅HR和超级管理员可用
- interview/models.py 新增导出权限
class Candidate(models.Model):class Meta:db_table = u'candidate'verbose_name = u'应聘者'verbose_name_plural = u'应聘者'#增加候选人的权限permissions = [("export", "Can export candidate list"),("notify", "notify interviewer for candidate review"),]
- interview/admin.py 检查用户是否有导出权限（导出权限是admin管理界面中设定的。）
# 增加导出权限管控
export_model_as_csv.allowed_permissions = ('export',)# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 当前用户是否有导出权限：def has_export_permission(self, request):opts = self.optsreturn request.user.has_perm('%s.%s' % (opts.app_label, "export"))
23 | 系统报错功能：钉钉群消息集成&通知一面面试官
钉钉通知步骤
注册钉钉机器人
interview/dingtalk.py
#coding=utf-8
from dingtalkchatbot.chatbot import DingtalkChatbotfrom django.conf import settingsdef send(message, at_mobiles=[]):# 引用 settings里面配置的钉钉群消息通知的WebHook地址:webhook = settings.DINGTALK_WEB_HOOK# 初始化机器人小丁, # 方式一：通常初始化方式xiaoding = DingtalkChatbot(webhook)# 方式二：勾选“加签”选项时使用（v1.5以上新功能）# xiaoding = DingtalkChatbot(webhook, secret=secret)# Text消息@所有人xiaoding.send_text(msg=('面试通知: %s' % message), at_mobiles = at_mobiles )settings/local.py
from .base import *DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = ["recruit.ihopeit.com","127.0.0.1"]## 务必修改以下值，确保运行时系统安全:
SECRET_KEY = "w$46bks+b3-7f(13#i%v@jwejrnxc$^^#@#@^t@fofizy1^mo9r8(-939243423300"## 如果仅使用数据库中的账号，以下 LDAP 配置可忽略
## 替换这里的配置为正确的域服务器配置，同时可能需要修改 base.py 中的 LDAP 服务器相关配置:
LDAP_AUTH_URL = "ldap://xxxxx:389"
LDAP_AUTH_CONNECTION_USERNAME = "admin"
LDAP_AUTH_CONNECTION_PASSWORD = "your_admin_credentials"INSTALLED_APPS += (# other apps for production site
)## 钉钉群的 WEB_HOOK， 用于发送钉钉消息
DINGTALK_WEB_HOOK = "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=***********************"
shell来启动发消息程序
C:\Users\Season>cd C:\Users\Season\Desktop\4.python网页前后端\Django基础教程\workspace4-recruiting\recruitment【23】C:\Users\Season\Desktop\4.python网页前后端\Django基础教程\workspace4-recruiting\recruitment【23】>python manage.py shell --settings=settings.local
Python 3.7.4 (tags/v3.7.4:e09359112e, Jul 8 2019, 20:34:20) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.14.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.In [1]: from interview import dingtalkIn [2]: dingtalk.send("通知12314134")In [3]:
通知一面面试官面试
- interview/admin.py
# 通知一面面试官面试
def notify_interviewer(modeladmin, request, queryset):candidates = ""interviewers = ""for obj in queryset:candidates = obj.username + ";" + candidatesinterviewers = obj.first_interviewer_user.username + ";" + interviewers# 这里的消息发送到钉钉， 或者通过 Celery 异步发送到钉钉dingtalk.send ("候选人 %s 进入面试环节，亲爱的面试官，请准备好面试： %s" % (candidates, interviewers) )notify_interviewer.short_description = u'通知一面面试官'# 候选人管理类
class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):actions = (export_model_as_csv, notify_interviewer, )
24 | 允许候选人注册登录: 集成Registration
标准步骤：
其中需要使用pip直接安装最新的django-registration-redux-2.9。如果使用清华镜像会失败pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple django-registration-redux。
1、安装django-registration-redux
- 安装应用
pip install django-registration-redux- 在settings.base 中install app
'registration', # 用户登陆注册功能- 有新的库表数据，需要迁移
python manage.py makemigrations/ python manage.py migrate
2、用户注册
项目url设置登陆url: path('accounts/', include('registration.backends.simple.urls')),
先到django后台将用户登出，然后访问：/accounts/register/来注册用户
3、用户登陆
accounts/login/
输入用户名密码登陆
4、注册跳转、登陆跳转
- 4-1、settings.base 中设置跳转URL：
# 登陆后跳转首页
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = '/'# 注册后跳转登陆
SIMPLE_BACKEND_REDIRECT_URL = '/accounts/login/'
- 4-2、设置首页是招聘列表joblist
项目url(recrument.urls)： url(r"^", include("jobs.urls")),
应用url(jobs.urls): path("", views.joblist, name="name"),
曾经的错误
- 迁移数据库时会发生错误。AttributeError: module ‘django.contrib.auth.views’ has no attribute ‘login’==>解决措施为安装django-registration-redux-2.9。
25 | 候选人简历存储：创建简历Model
jobs/models.py新增Resume模型
class Resume(models.Model):# Translators: 简历实体的翻译username = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name=_('姓名'))applicant = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=_("申请人"), null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)city = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name=_('城市'))phone = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name=_('手机号码'))email = models.EmailField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('邮箱'))apply_position = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('应聘职位'))born_address = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('生源地'))gender = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('性别'))picture = models.ImageField(upload_to='images/', blank=True, verbose_name=_('个人照片')) attachment = models.FileField(upload_to='file/', blank=True, verbose_name=_('简历附件'))# 学校与学历信息bachelor_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('本科学校'))master_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('研究生学校'))doctor_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=u'博士生学校')major = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name=_('专业'))degree = models.CharField(max_length=135, choices=DEGREE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name=_('学历'))created_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="创建日期", default=datetime.now)modified_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="修改日期", auto_now=True)# 候选人自我介绍，工作经历，项目经历candidate_introduction = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'自我介绍')work_experience = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'工作经历')project_experience = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name=u'项目经历')class Meta:verbose_name = _('简历')verbose_name_plural = _('简历列表')def __str__(self):return self.usernamejobs/admin.py定义RusumeAdmin
class ResumeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('username', 'applicant', 'city', 'apply_position', 'bachelor_school', 'master_school', 'major','created_date')readonly_fields = ('applicant', 'created_date', 'modified_date',)fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("applicant", ("username", "city", "phone"),("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", ), ("picture", "attachment",),("bachelor_school", "master_school"), ("major", "degree"), ('created_date', 'modified_date'),"candidate_introduction", "work_experience","project_experience",)}),)def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):obj.applicant = request.usersuper().save_model(request, obj, form, change)# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Job,JobAdmin)
admin.site.register(Resume, ResumeAdmin)
jobs/template/base.html更新
<!--jobs/templates/base.html-->
<h1 style="margin:auto;width:50%">匠果科技开放职位</h1><p></p>{% block header %}
<a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; color:#007bff">Homepage</a>
<a href="/joblist" style="text-decoration: none; color:#007bff">job_list</a>
{% if user.is_authenticated %}<a href="/accounts/logout" style="text-decoration: none; color:#007bff">Logout</a>
{% else %}<a href="/accounts/login" style="text-decoration: none; color:#007bff">Login</a>
{% endif %}
{% if user.is_authenticated %}<p>终于等到你 {{ user_name }}, 期待加入我们，用技术去探索一个新世界</p>
{% else %}<br>"欢迎你，期待加入我们，登陆后可以提交简历."<br>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
26 | 让候选人可以在线投递简历
目标和步骤
jobs/template/resume_form.html
<h2>提交简历</h2>
<form method="post" style="width:600px;margin-left:5px">{% csrf_token %}{{ form.as_p }}<input type="submit" value="提交"></form>jobs/views.py
class ResumeCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):""" 简历职位页面 """template_name = 'resume_form.html'success_url = '/joblist/'model = Resumefields = ["username", "city", "phone","email", "apply_position", "gender","bachelor_school", "master_school", "major", "degree", "picture", "attachment","candidate_introduction", "work_experience", "project_experience"]## 从 URL 请求参数带入默认值def get_initial(self):initial = {}for x in self.request.GET:initial[x] = self.request.GET[x]return initialdef form_valid(self, form):self.object = form.save(commit=False)self.object.applicant = self.request.userself.object.save()return HttpResponseRedirect(self.get_success_url())jobs/urls.py
# 提交简历path('resume/add/',views.ResumeCreateView.as_view(),name='resume-add'),
27 | 使用Bootstrap来定制页面样式
流程说明
修改base.py来添加到apps
INSTALLED_APPS = ['grappelli','bootstrap4','registration','django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','jobs','interview',
]
模板使用bootstrap标签
- base.html
<!--bootstrap start-->
{# Load the tag library #}
{% load bootstrap4 %}{% load i18n %}{# Load CSS and JavaScript #}
{% bootstrap_css %}
{% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}{# Display django.contrib.messages as Bootstrap alerts #}
{% bootstrap_messages %}
<!--bootstrap end-->- resume_form.html
<!--bootstrap start-->
{# Load the tag library #}
{% load bootstrap4 %}{% load i18n %}{# Load CSS and JavaScript #}
{% bootstrap_css %}
{% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}{# Display django.contrib.messages as Bootstrap alerts #}
{% bootstrap_messages %}
<!--bootstrap end-->效果对比
没有bootstrap
有bootstrap
支持手动微调整
<input type="button" class="btn btn-danger" style="width:120px;" value="申请" onclick="location.href='/resume/add/?apply_position={{job.job_name}}&city={{job.city_name}}'"/>
28 | 简历评估&安排一面面试官
流程说明
jobs\admin.py拷贝Resume对象中的属性到Candidate
from django.contrib import admin
from jobs.models import Job,Resume
from django.contrib import messages
from interview.models import Candidate
from datetime import datetimedef enter_interview_process(modeladmin, request, queryset):candidate_names = ""for resume in queryset:candidate = Candidate()# 把 obj 对象中的所有属性拷贝到 candidate 对象中:candidate.__dict__.update(resume.__dict__)candidate.created_date = datetime.now()candidate.modified_date = datetime.now()candidate_names = candidate.username + "," + candidate_namescandidate.creator = request.user.usernamecandidate.save()messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO, '候选人: %s 已成功进入面试流程' % (candidate_names) )enter_interview_process.short_description = u"进入面试流程"
jobs\admin.py注册到modeladmin中
添加actions = (enter_interview_process,)
class ResumeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):actions = (enter_interview_process,)list_display = ('username', 'applicant', 'city', 'apply_position', 'bachelor_school', 'master_school', 'major','created_date')readonly_fields = ('applicant', 'created_date', 'modified_date',)fieldsets = ((None, {'fields': ("applicant", ("username", "city", "phone"),("email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", ), ("picture", "attachment",),("bachelor_school", "master_school"), ("major", "degree"), ('created_date', 'modified_date'),"candidate_introduction", "work_experience","project_experience",)}),)def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):obj.applicant = request.usersuper().save_model(request, obj, form, change)
29 | 定制列表字段，查看简历详情
作业流程
jobs\admin.py增加ResumeDetail的详情页视图
class ResumeDetailView(DetailView):""" 简历详情页 """model = Resumetemplate_name = 'resume_detail.html'
jobs\template\resume_detail.html增加Detail页模板
{# Load the tag library #}
{% load bootstrap4 %}{# Load CSS and JavaScript #}
{% bootstrap_css %}
{% bootstrap_javascript jquery='full' %}{# Display django.contrib.messages as Bootstrap alerts #}
{% bootstrap_messages %}<h1>简历详细信息 </h1><div> 姓名: {{ object.username }} </div> <div>城市： {{ object.city }}</div> <div>手机号码: {{ object.phone }}</div><p></p>
<div>邮件地址: {{ object.email}}</div>
<div>申请职位: {{ object.apply_position}}</div>
<div>出生地: {{ object.born_address}}</div>
<div>性别: {{ object.gender}}</div>
<hr><div>本科学校: {{ object.bachelor_school}}</div>
<div>研究所学校: {{ object.master_school}}</div>
<div>专业: {{ object.major}}</div>
<div>学历: {{ object.degree}}</div>
<hr><p>候选人介绍: {{ object.candidate_introduction}}</p>
<p>工作经历: {{ object.work_experience}}</p>
<p>项目经历: {{ object.project_experience}}</p>
jobs\urls.py
# 查看简历path('resume/<int:pk>/', views.ResumeDetailView.as_view(), name='resume-detail'),
interview\admin.py在候选人页面增加“查看简历”的链接
def get_resume(self, obj):if not obj.phone:return ""resumes = Resume.objects.filter(phone=obj.phone)if resumes and len(resumes) > 0:return mark_safe(u'<a href="/resume/%s" target="_blank">%s</a' % (resumes[0].id, "查看简历"))return ""get_resume.short_description = '查看简历'get_resume.allow_tags = True
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