import os
import sys
x1 = os.path.dirname(__file__)   # 返回上一级目录
x2 = 'bin'
xin = os.path.join(x1, x2)
sys.path.append(xin)
for i in sys.path:print(i)执行结果：
D:\untitled\python5\lib
D:\untitled
D:\python3.5\python35.zip
D:\python3.5\DLLs
D:\python3.5\lib
D:\python3.5
D:\python3.5\lib\site-packages
D:/untitled/python5/lib\bin

def request(method, url, **kwargs):"""Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.:param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.:param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.:param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.:param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.:param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.:param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.:param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.:param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': ('filename', fileobj)}``) for multipart encoding upload.:param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.:param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send databefore giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, readtimeout) <timeouts>` tuple.:type timeout: float or tuple:param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.:type allow_redirects: bool:param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.:param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``.:param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.:param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.:return: :class:`Response <Response>` object:rtype: requests.ResponseUsage::>>> import requests>>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')<Response [200]>"""# By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we# avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some# cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
    with sessions.Session() as session:return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)更多参数

<data><country name="Liechtenstein"><rank updated="yes">2</rank><year>2023</year><gdppc>141100</gdppc><neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" /><neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" /></country><country name="Singapore"><rank updated="yes">5</rank><year>2026</year><gdppc>59900</gdppc><neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" /></country><country name="Panama"><rank updated="yes">69</rank><year>2026</year><gdppc>13600</gdppc><neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" /><neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" /></country>
</data>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
root = ET.XML(open('db.xml','r',encoding='utf-8').read())
print(root.tag)   #获取文件的顶层标签
print(dir(root))

另一种方式
tree = ET.parse('db.xml') #直接将文件解析成xml格式 类型是ElementTree
print(tree) root = tree.getroot() #获取到xml文件的节点
print(root)

class Element:"""An XML element.This class is the reference implementation of the Element interface.An element's length is its number of subelements.  That means if youwant to check if an element is truly empty, you should check BOTHits length AND its text attribute.The element tag, attribute names, and attribute values can be eitherbytes or strings.*tag* is the element name.  *attrib* is an optional dictionary containingelement attributes. *extra* are additional element attributes given askeyword arguments.Example form:<tag attrib>text<child/>...</tag>tail"""当前节点的标签名tag = None"""The element's name."""当前节点的属性attrib = None"""Dictionary of the element's attributes."""当前节点的内容text = None"""Text before first subelement. This is either a string or the value None.Note that if there is no text, this attribute may be eitherNone or the empty string, depending on the parser."""tail = None"""Text after this element's end tag, but before the next sibling element'sstart tag.  This is either a string or the value None.  Note that if therewas no text, this attribute may be either None or an empty string,depending on the parser."""def __init__(self, tag, attrib={}, **extra):if not isinstance(attrib, dict):raise TypeError("attrib must be dict, not %s" % (attrib.__class__.__name__,))attrib = attrib.copy()attrib.update(extra)self.tag = tagself.attrib = attribself._children = []def __repr__(self):return "<%s %r at %#x>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.tag, id(self))def makeelement(self, tag, attrib):创建一个新节点"""Create a new element with the same type.*tag* is a string containing the element name.*attrib* is a dictionary containing the element attributes.Do not call this method, use the SubElement factory function instead."""return self.__class__(tag, attrib)def copy(self):"""Return copy of current element.This creates a shallow copy. Subelements will be shared with theoriginal tree."""elem = self.makeelement(self.tag, self.attrib)elem.text = self.textelem.tail = self.tailelem[:] = selfreturn elemdef __len__(self):return len(self._children)def __bool__(self):warnings.warn("The behavior of this method will change in future versions.  ""Use specific 'len(elem)' or 'elem is not None' test instead.",FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)return len(self._children) != 0 # emulate old behaviour, for nowdef __getitem__(self, index):return self._children[index]def __setitem__(self, index, element):# if isinstance(index, slice):#     for elt in element:#         assert iselement(elt)# else:#     assert iselement(element)self._children[index] = elementdef __delitem__(self, index):del self._children[index]def append(self, subelement):为当前节点追加一个子节点"""Add *subelement* to the end of this element.The new element will appear in document order after the last existingsubelement (or directly after the text, if it's the first subelement),but before the end tag for this element."""self._assert_is_element(subelement)self._children.append(subelement)def extend(self, elements):为当前节点扩展 n 个子节点"""Append subelements from a sequence.*elements* is a sequence with zero or more elements."""for element in elements:self._assert_is_element(element)self._children.extend(elements)def insert(self, index, subelement):在当前节点的子节点中插入某个节点，即：为当前节点创建子节点，然后插入指定位置"""Insert *subelement* at position *index*."""self._assert_is_element(subelement)self._children.insert(index, subelement)def _assert_is_element(self, e):# Need to refer to the actual Python implementation, not the# shadowing C implementation.if not isinstance(e, _Element_Py):raise TypeError('expected an Element, not %s' % type(e).__name__)def remove(self, subelement):在当前节点在子节点中删除某个节点"""Remove matching subelement.Unlike the find methods, this method compares elements based onidentity, NOT ON tag value or contents.  To remove subelements byother means, the easiest way is to use a list comprehension toselect what elements to keep, and then use slice assignment to updatethe parent element.ValueError is raised if a matching element could not be found."""# assert iselement(element)
        self._children.remove(subelement)def find(self, path, namespaces=None):获取第一个寻找到的子节点"""Find first matching element by tag name or path.*path* is a string having either an element tag or an XPath,*namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name.Return the first matching element, or None if no element was found."""return ElementPath.find(self, path, namespaces)def findtext(self, path, default=None, namespaces=None):获取第一个寻找到的子节点的内容"""Find text for first matching element by tag name or path.*path* is a string having either an element tag or an XPath,*default* is the value to return if the element was not found,*namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name.Return text content of first matching element, or default value ifnone was found.  Note that if an element is found having no textcontent, the empty string is returned."""return ElementPath.findtext(self, path, default, namespaces)def findall(self, path, namespaces=None):获取所有的子节点"""Find all matching subelements by tag name or path.*path* is a string having either an element tag or an XPath,*namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name.Returns list containing all matching elements in document order."""return ElementPath.findall(self, path, namespaces)def iterfind(self, path, namespaces=None):获取所有指定的节点，并创建一个迭代器（可以被for循环）"""Find all matching subelements by tag name or path.*path* is a string having either an element tag or an XPath,*namespaces* is an optional mapping from namespace prefix to full name.Return an iterable yielding all matching elements in document order."""return ElementPath.iterfind(self, path, namespaces)def clear(self):清空节点"""Reset element.This function removes all subelements, clears all attributes, and setsthe text and tail attributes to None."""self.attrib.clear()self._children = []self.text = self.tail = Nonedef get(self, key, default=None):获取当前节点的属性值"""Get element attribute.Equivalent to attrib.get, but some implementations may handle this abit more efficiently.  *key* is what attribute to look for, and*default* is what to return if the attribute was not found.Returns a string containing the attribute value, or the default ifattribute was not found."""return self.attrib.get(key, default)def set(self, key, value):为当前节点设置属性值"""Set element attribute.Equivalent to attrib[key] = value, but some implementations may handlethis a bit more efficiently.  *key* is what attribute to set, and*value* is the attribute value to set it to."""self.attrib[key] = valuedef keys(self):获取当前节点的所有属性的 key"""Get list of attribute names.Names are returned in an arbitrary order, just like an ordinaryPython dict.  Equivalent to attrib.keys()"""return self.attrib.keys()def items(self):获取当前节点的所有属性值，每个属性都是一个键值对"""Get element attributes as a sequence.The attributes are returned in arbitrary order.  Equivalent toattrib.items().Return a list of (name, value) tuples."""return self.attrib.items()def iter(self, tag=None):在当前节点的子孙中根据节点名称寻找所有指定的节点，并返回一个迭代器（可以被for循环）。"""Create tree iterator.The iterator loops over the element and all subelements in documentorder, returning all elements with a matching tag.If the tree structure is modified during iteration, new or removedelements may or may not be included.  To get a stable set, use thelist() function on the iterator, and loop over the resulting list.*tag* is what tags to look for (default is to return all elements)Return an iterator containing all the matching elements."""if tag == "*":tag = Noneif tag is None or self.tag == tag:yield selffor e in self._children:yield from e.iter(tag)# compatibilitydef getiterator(self, tag=None):# Change for a DeprecationWarning in 1.4
        warnings.warn("This method will be removed in future versions.  ""Use 'elem.iter()' or 'list(elem.iter())' instead.",PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)return list(self.iter(tag))def itertext(self):在当前节点的子孙中根据节点名称寻找所有指定的节点的内容，并返回一个迭代器（可以被for循环）。"""Create text iterator.The iterator loops over the element and all subelements in documentorder, returning all inner text."""tag = self.tagif not isinstance(tag, str) and tag is not None:returnif self.text:yield self.textfor e in self:yield from e.itertext()if e.tail:yield e.tail

 z = shutil.copytree('zz.py','xx.py',ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))
print(z)  #递归的去拷贝文件夹

z = shutil.move('asd','in')
print(z) #递归的去移动文件，它类似mv命令，其实就是重命名。
z = shutil.rmtree('zz.py')
print(z) #递归的去删除文件

logging.basicConfig(filename='log.log',format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s:  %(message)s',datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',level=logging.INFO)对于等级：
"""
CRITICAL = 50
FATAL = CRITICAL
ERROR = 40
WARNING = 30
WARN = WARNING
INFO = 20
DEBUG = 10
NOTSET = 0
"""logging.critical('ssssssssssss')
logging.fatal('zzzzzzzzzzzz')
logging.error('ssssssssss')
logging.warning('ssssss')
logging.info('ssssssssss')
logging.debug('xxxxxxxxxxxx')
logging.log(logging.INFO,'333')
只有大于当前日志等级的操作才会被记录。

import logginglogging.warning("user [kai] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")
logging.critical("server is down")#输出
WARNING:root:user [kai] attempted wrong password more than 3 times
CRITICAL:root:server is down