OpenCV 文字检测与识别模块

该模块在扩展模块中，需自行下载
下载地址：https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/tree/4.0.0
说明文档：
文字检测 https://docs.opencv.org/4.0.0/da/d56/group__text__detect.html
文字识别 https://docs.opencv.org/4.0.0/d8/df2/group__text__recognize.html
参考文章：https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/blob/master/modules/text/samples/text_recognition_cnn.cpp
https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/blob/master/modules/text/samples/webcam_demo.cpp

文字检测

1.textDetectorCNN

OpenCV的文字检测模块textDetectorCNN中使用了TextBoxes：具有单个深度神经网络的快速文本检测器链接地址为： https://github.com/MhLiao/TextBoxes
其中已经训练过的文件：

函数名	内容	地址
modelWeightsFilename	描述分类器体系结构的prototxt文件的相对或绝对路径。	textbox.prototxt 在下载的扩展模块源码中opencv_contrib/modules/text/samples/textbox.prototxt
modelWeightsFilename	包含caffe-binary形式的模型的预训练权重的文件的相对或绝对路径。	TextBoxes_icdar13.caffemodel http://pan.baidu.com/s/1qY73XHq

        cv::Mat temp;src.convertTo(temp, CV_8UC3, 1);//src 输入图像cv::imshow("src", temp);dst1 = temp.clone();cv::Ptr<cv::text::TextDetectorCNN> detector= cv::text::TextDetectorCNN::create("textbox.prototxt", "TextBoxes_icdar13.caffemodel");std::vector < cv::Rect > boxes;//识别区域std::vector < float > sources;//评估分数detector->detect(temp, boxes, sources);float threshold = 0.5;for (int i = 0; i < boxes.size(); i++){if (sources[i] > threshold){cv::Rect rect = boxes[i];cv::rectangle(dst1, rect, cv::Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2);}}cv::imshow("Text detection result", dst1);

原图

结果

文字识别

1.OCRHolisticWordRecognizer

OCRHolisticWordRecognizer类提供了分段词语的功能。给定预定义的词汇表，使用DictNet来选择给定输入图像的最可能的词。

DictNet详细描述于：Max Jaderberg等：使用卷积神经网络阅读野外文本，IJCV 2015 http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1842
模型文件下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jl1g6lrNyCl8tM1BbLk6-Q bng0
https://pan.baidu.com/s/10yjRfrRALcQFLBfYKoXq5w 21gq

wordSpotter = (cv::text::OCRHolisticWordRecognizer::create("dictnet_vgg_deploy.prototxt", "dictnet_vgg.caffemodel", "dictnet_vgg_labels.txt"));
dst1 = src.clone();for (size_t i = 0; i < textBoxes.size(); i++){cv::Mat wordImg;cv::cvtColor(src(textBoxes[i]), wordImg, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);std::string word;std::vector<float> confs;wordSpotter->run(wordImg, word, NULL, NULL, &confs);//检测cv::Rect currrentBox = textBoxes[i];cv::rectangle(dst1, currrentBox, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 255), 2, cv::LINE_AA);int baseLine = 0;cv::Size labelSize = cv::getTextSize(word, cv::FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1, 1, &baseLine);int yLeftBottom = currrentBox.y>labelSize.height? currrentBox.y: labelSize.height;cv::rectangle(dst1, cv::Point(currrentBox.x, yLeftBottom - labelSize.height),cv::Point(currrentBox.x + labelSize.width, yLeftBottom + baseLine), cv::Scalar(255, 255, 255), cv::FILLED);cv::putText(dst1, word, cv::Point(currrentBox.x, yLeftBottom), cv::FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 1, cv::Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, cv::LINE_AA);}cv::imshow("Text recognition", dst1);

结果

(极值区域)文本定位与识别法

与上方的卷积神经网络识别，存在识别不稳定的问题。

void textRecognize(int REGION_TYPE,int GROUPING_ALGORITHM){cv::Mat gray;std::vector<cv::Mat> channels;cv::cvtColor(src, gray, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);std::vector<std::vector<cv::text::ERStat> > regions(2);channels.clear();channels.push_back(gray);channels.push_back(255 - gray);regions[0].clear();regions[1].clear();switch (REGION_TYPE){case 0: // ERStatsparallel_for_(cv::Range(0, (int)channels.size()), Parallel_extractCSER(channels, regions, er_filters1, er_filters2));break;case 1: // MSERstd::vector<std::vector< cv::Point> > contours;std::vector<cv::Rect> bboxes;cv::Ptr<cv::MSER> mser = cv::MSER::create(21, (int)(0.00002*gray.cols*gray.rows), (int)(0.05*gray.cols*gray.rows), 1, 0.7);mser->detectRegions(gray, contours, bboxes);//Convert the output of MSER to suitable input for the grouping/recognition algorithmsif (contours.size() > 0)MSERsToERStats(gray, contours, regions);break;}// Detect character groupsstd::vector< std::vector<cv::Vec2i> > nm_region_groups;textBoxes.clear();switch (GROUPING_ALGORITHM){case 0: // exhaustive_searcherGrouping(src, channels, regions, nm_region_groups, textBoxes, cv::text::ERGROUPING_ORIENTATION_HORIZ);break;case 1: //multiorientederGrouping(src, channels, regions, nm_region_groups, textBoxes, cv::text::ERGROUPING_ORIENTATION_ANY, "./trained_classifier_erGrouping.xml", 0.5);break;}/*Text Recognition (OCR)*/int bottom_bar_height = src.rows / 7;cv::copyMakeBorder(src, dst1, 0, bottom_bar_height, 0, 0, cv::BORDER_CONSTANT, cv::Scalar(150, 150, 150));float scale_font = (float)(bottom_bar_height / 85.0);std::vector<cv::Mat> detections;//只有字体的图片cv::Mat temp;src.convertTo(temp, CV_8UC1, 1);for (int i = 0; i < (int)textBoxes.size(); i++)//字体的矩形数量{cv::rectangle(dst1, textBoxes[i].tl(), textBoxes[i].br(), cv::Scalar(255, 255, 0), 3);cv::Mat group_img = cv::Mat::zeros(src.rows + 2, src.cols + 2, CV_8UC1);er_draw(channels, regions, nm_region_groups[i], group_img);group_img(textBoxes[i]).copyTo(group_img);copyMakeBorder(group_img, group_img, 15, 15, 15, 15, cv::BORDER_CONSTANT, cv::Scalar(0));detections.push_back(group_img);}cv::imshow("text find", dst1);std::vector<std::string> outputs((int)detections.size());std::vector< std::vector<cv::Rect> > boxes((int)detections.size());std::vector< std::vector<std::string> > words((int)detections.size());std::vector< std::vector<float> > confidences((int)detections.size());float min_confidence1 = 0.f, min_confidence2 = 0.f;min_confidence1 = 51.f;min_confidence2 = 60.f;// parallel process detections in batches of ocrs.size() (== num_ocrs)for (int i = 0; i < (int)detections.size(); i = i + (int)num_ocrs){cv::Range r;if (i + (int)num_ocrs <= (int)detections.size())r = cv::Range(i, i + (int)num_ocrs);elser = cv::Range(i, (int)detections.size());// NM_chain_features + KNNparallel_for_(r, Parallel_OCR<cv::text::OCRHMMDecoder>(detections, outputs, boxes, words, confidences, decoders));}showText(outputs);for (int i = 0; i < (int)detections.size(); i++){outputs[i].erase(remove(outputs[i].begin(), outputs[i].end(), '\n'), outputs[i].end());//cout << "OCR output = \"" << outputs[i] << "\" length = " << outputs[i].size() << endl;if (outputs[i].size() < 3)continue;for (int j = 0; j < (int)boxes[i].size(); j++){boxes[i][j].x += textBoxes[i].x - 15;boxes[i][j].y += textBoxes[i].y - 15;if ((words[i][j].size() < 2)  ||((words[i][j].size() == 2) && (words[i][j][0] == words[i][j][1]))  ||isRepetitive(words[i][j]))continue;cv::rectangle(dst1, boxes[i][j].tl(), boxes[i][j].br(), cv::Scalar(255, 0, 255), 3);cv::Size word_size = cv::getTextSize(words[i][j], cv::FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, (double)scale_font, (int)(3 * scale_font), NULL);cv::rectangle(dst1, boxes[i][j].tl() - cv::Point(3, word_size.height + 3), boxes[i][j].tl() + cv::Point(word_size.width, 0), cv::Scalar(255, 0, 255), -1);cv::putText(dst1, words[i][j], boxes[i][j].tl() - cv::Point(1, 1), cv::FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, scale_font, cv::Scalar(255, 255, 255), (int)(3 * scale_font));}}cv::imshow("result", dst1);}void er_draw(std::vector<cv::Mat> &channels, std::vector<std::vector<cv::text::ERStat> > &regions, std::vector<cv::Vec2i> group, cv::Mat& segmentation){for (int r = 0; r < (int)group.size(); r++){cv::text::ERStat er = regions[group[r][0]][group[r][1]];if (er.parent != NULL) // deprecate the root region{int newMaskVal = 255;int flags = 4 + (newMaskVal << 8) + cv::FLOODFILL_FIXED_RANGE + cv::FLOODFILL_MASK_ONLY;cv::floodFill(channels[group[r][0]], segmentation, cv::Point(er.pixel%channels[group[r][0]].cols, er.pixel / channels[group[r][0]].cols),cv::Scalar(255), 0, cv::Scalar(er.level), cv::Scalar(0), flags);}}}bool isRepetitive(const std::string& s){int count = 0;int count2 = 0;int count3 = 0;int first = (int)s[0];int last = (int)s[(int)s.size() - 1];for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++){if ((s[i] == 'i') ||(s[i] == 'l') ||(s[i] == 'I'))count++;if ((int)s[i] == first)count2++;if ((int)s[i] == last)count3++;}if ((count > ((int)s.size() + 1) / 2) || (count2 == (int)s.size()) || (count3 > ((int)s.size() * 2) / 3)){return true;}return false;}

原图

文本定位图

文本识别图