这篇文章你将会看到嵌入式ARM-Linux上的常用应用程序wpa_supplicant(以及wpa_supplicant依赖的libnl和openssl)的编译、配置和运行使用，iw、hostapd等应用的编译和使用。

wpa_supplicant编译和配置运行

从/zixunimg/eepwimg/w1.fi/wpa_supplicant/(git地址git://w1.fi/hostap.git)下载最新的wpa_supplicant源码压缩包，目前最新的为版本2.5.

wpa_supplicant的编译依赖于openssl和libnl库(Netlink Protocol Library Suite

(libnl))，openssl是ssl协议的开源库(OpenSSL, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) Transport

Layer Security (TLS

v1)).(压缩包地址：/zixunimg/eepwimg/www.openssl.org/source/，Git地址：/zixunimg/eepwimg/github.com/openssl/openssl)，libnl是网络相关的库(压缩包地址：/zixunimg/eepwimg/www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/，Git地址

：/zixunimg/eepwimg/git.infradead.org/users/tgr/libnl.git)。

编译libnl

解压源代码包。进入libnl目录，执行./configure配置编译环境;执行make进行编译

export ARCH=arm

export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-

./configure --prefix=/usr\

--sysconfdir=/etc \

--disable-static&&

make

然后执行sudo make

install，libnl.so会被安装至/usr/local/lib/目录下，相应的头文件也会被copy到/usr/local/include/netlink下。

如果报出编译错误：“../include/netlink_local.h:218:error ULONG_MAX

undeclared"，我们在对应文件添加一个头文件#include即可解决问题;

编译openssl

进入openssl目录，./config shared #一定要加shared,否则编译出来的是静态库。执行make进行编译，完成后执行make

install，编译好的openssl库和头文件等被安装在目录/usr/local/ssl下

export ARCH=arm

export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-

./config --prefix=/usr\

--openssldir=/etc/ssl \

--libdir=lib\

shared\

zlib-dynamic &&

make

If you want to disable installing the static libraries, use this sed:

sed -i s# libcrypto.a##;s# libssl.a## Makefile

Now, as therootuser:

make MANDIR=/usr/share/man MANSUFFIX=ssl install &&

install -dv -m755 /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2e&&

cp -vfr doc/*/usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2e

编译wpa_supplicant

添加修改配置文件

进入wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant目录，执行cp defconfig

.config拷贝生成编译配置，然后修改配置文件.config，

#如果选择的不是libnl的1.0版本，需要根据libnl的版本打开下面的选项

CONFIG_LIBNL32=y

CONFIG_LIBNL20=y选择libnl的版本

#添加openssl和libnl的头文件和库文件目录，更新编译链接环境变量

CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/ssl/include

CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include/ libnl3

CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include/netlink

LIBS += -L/usr/local/ssl/lib

LIBS += -L/usr/local/lib

LIBS_p += -L/usr/local/ssl/lib#不加此行，编wpa_passphrase出错。

cp defconfig .config

make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc

make install DESTDIR=/home/export/rootfs

执行make进行编译

成功后生成三个目标文件wpa_supplicant, wpa_cli, wpa_passphrase，至此编译完成。

运行wpa_supplicant

需要保证libssl库在我们的搜索路径里，否则不做处理，会出现找不到libnl, ssl和crypto库的错误。

./wpa_supplicant

./wpa_supplicant: error while loading shared libraries: libssl.so.1.1.0:

cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

将/usr/local/ssl/lib下的libssl.so.x.x.x和libcrypto.so.xxx拷贝到/lib目录下即可，或者：export

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/ssl/lib，或者在/etc/ld.so.conf文件中添加库的搜索路径。(或者在/etc/ld.so.conf.d下新建一个.conf文件，将搜索路径一行一个加入).

cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl.so.1.1.4 /home/export/rootfs/lib/

cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 /home/export/rootfs/lib/

cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0 /home/export/rootfs/lib/

配置wpa_supplicant

wpa_supplicant runs as a daemon and requires a configuration file. Create a

file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with the following contents:

network={

ssid="MySSID"

key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

proto=RSN

pairwise=CCMP TKIP

psk="MyPassPhrase"

}

The above file works with both WPA (TKIP) and WPA2 (CCMP/AES). Please insert

your access point name at MySSID and your pass phrase at MyPassPhase.

Once configured, wpa_supplicant can be started using:

wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

编译错误处理

Error#1

#######################################################################

CC ../src/drivers/driver_wired.c

../src/drivers/driver_nl80211.c:25:31: fatal error: netlink/genl/genl.h: No

such file or directory

compilation terminated.

make: *** [../src/drivers/driver_nl80211.o] Error 1

#######################################################################

Solution #1

sudo apt-get -y install libssl-dev libnl-3-dev

echo CFLAGS +=-I/usr/include/libnl3/ >> .config

make

Error#2

../src/drivers/driver_nl80211.c:95:9: warning: passing argument 1 of

‘genl_ctrl_alloc_cache’ from incompatible pointer type [enabled by default]

/usr/include/libnl3/netlink/genl/ctrl.h:25:14: note: expected ‘struct nl_sock

*’ but argument is of type ‘struct nl_handle *’

../src/drivers/driver_nl80211.c:95:9: error: too few arguments to function

‘genl_ctrl_alloc_cache’

/usr/include/libnl3/netlink/genl/ctrl.h:25:14: note: declared here

Solution #2

sudo apt-get install libnl-genl-3-dev

echo CONFIG_LIBNL32=y >> .config

make

Usage

usage:

wpa_supplicant [-BddhKLqqtvW] [-P] [-g] \

[-G] \

-i -c [-C] [-D] [-p] \

[-b] [-e] \

[-o] [-O] \

[-N -i -c [-C] [-D] \

[-p] [-b] [-I] …]

drivers:

nl80211 = Linux nl80211/cfg80211

wext = Linux wireless extensions (generic)

wired = Wired Ethernet driver

options:

-b = optional bridge interface name

-B = run daemon in the background

-c = Configuration file

-C = ctrl_interface parameter (only used if -c is not)

-i = interface name

-I = additional configuration file

-d = increase debugging verbosity (-dd even more)

-D = driver name (can be multiple drivers: nl80211,wext)

-e = entropy file

-g = global ctrl_interface

-G = global ctrl_interface group

-K = include keys (passwords, etc.) in debug output

-t = include timestamp in debug messages

-h = show this help text

-L = show license (BSD)

-o = override driver parameter for new interfaces

-O = override ctrl_interface parameter for new interfaces

-p = driver parameters

-P = PID file

-q = decrease debugging verbosity (-qq even less)

-v = show version

-W = wait for a control interface monitor before starting

-N = start describing new interface

example:

wpa_supplicant -Dnl80211 -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

wpa_cli [-pctrl sockets>] [-i] [-hvB] [-a] \

[-P] [-g] [-G] [command..]

-h = help (show this usage text)

-v = shown version information

-a = run in daemon mode executing the action file based on events from

wpa_supplicant

-B = run a daemon in the background

default path: /var/run/wpa_supplicant

default interface: first interface found in socket path

commands:

status [verbose] = get current WPA/EAPOL/EAP status

ifname = get current interface name

ping = pings wpa_supplicant

relog = re-open log-file (allow rolling logs)

note = add a note to wpa_supplicant debug log

mib = get MIB variables (dot1x, dot11)

help [command] = show usage help

interface [ifname] = show interfaces/select interface

level = change debug level

license = show full wpa_cli license

quit = exit wpa_cli

set = set variables (shows list of variables when run without arguments)

get = get information

logon = IEEE 802.1X EAPOL state machine logon

logoff = IEEE 802.1X EAPOL state machine logoff

pmksa = show PMKSA cache

reassociate = force reassociation

preauthenticate = force preauthentication

identity = configure identity for an SSID

password = configure password for an SSID

new_password = change password for an SSID

pin = configure pin for an SSID

otp = configure one-time-password for an SSID

passphrase = configure private key passphrase

for an SSID

sim = report SIM operation result

bssid = set preferred BSSID for an SSID

blacklist = add a BSSID to the blacklist

blacklist clear = clear the blacklist

blacklist = display the blacklist

log_level [] = update the log level/timestamp

log_level = display the current log level and log options

list_networks = list configured networks

select_network = select a network (disable others)

enable_network = enable a network

disable_network = disable a network

add_network = add a network

remove_network = remove a network

set_network = set network variables (shows

list of variables when run without arguments)

get_network = get network variables

list_creds = list configured credentials

add_cred = add a credential

remove_cred = remove a credential

set_cred = set credential variables

save_config = save the current configuration

disconnect = disconnect and wait for reassociate/reconnect command before

connecting

reconnect = like reassociate, but only takes effect if already

disconnected

scan = request new BSS scan

scan_results = get latest scan results

bss < | > = get detailed scan result info

get_capability = get capabilies

reconfigure = force wpa_supplicant to re-read its configuration file

terminate = terminate wpa_supplicant

interface_add

= adds new interface, all parameters but

are optional

interface_remove = removes the interface

interface_list = list available interfaces

ap_scan = set ap_scan parameter

scan_interval = set scan_interval parameter (in seconds)

bss_expire_age = set BSS expiration age parameter

bss_expire_count = set BSS expiration scan count parameter

bss_flush = set BSS flush age (0 by default)

stkstart = request STK negotiation with

ft_ds = request over-the-DS FT with

wps_pbc [BSSID] = start Wi-Fi Protected Setup: Push Button Configuration

wps_pin [PIN] = start WPS PIN method (returns PIN, if not hardcoded)

wps_check_pin = verify PIN checksum

wps_cancel Cancels the pending WPS operation

wps_reg = start WPS Registrar to configure an AP

wps_ap_pin [params..] = enable/disable AP PIN

wps_er_start [IP address] = start Wi-Fi Protected Setup External

Registrar

wps_er_stop = stop Wi-Fi Protected Setup External Registrar

wps_er_pin = add an Enrollee PIN to External Registrar

wps_er_pbc = accept an Enrollee PBC using External Registrar

wps_er_learn = learn AP configuration

wps_er_set_config = set AP configuration for enrolling

wps_er_config = configure AP

ibss_rsn = request RSN authentication with in IBSS

sta = get information about an associated station (AP)

all_sta = get information about all associated stations (AP)

deauthenticate = deauthenticate a station

disassociate = disassociate a station

chan_switch [sec_channel_offset=] [center_freq1=] [center_freq2=]

[bandwidth=] [blocktx] [ht|vht] = CSA parameters

suspend = notification of suspend/hibernate

resume = notification of resume/thaw

drop_sa = drop SA without deauth/disassoc (test command)

roam = roam to the specified BSS

p2p_find [timeout] [type=*] = find P2P Devices for up-to timeout seconds

p2p_stop_find = stop P2P Devices search

p2p_connect [ht40] = connect to a P2P Device

p2p_listen [timeout] = listen for P2P Devices for up-to timeout seconds

p2p_group_remove = remove P2P group interface (terminate group if GO)

p2p_group_add [ht40] = add a new P2P group (local end as GO)

p2p_prov_disc = request provisioning discovery

p2p_get_passphrase = get the passphrase for a group (GO only)

p2p_serv_disc_req = schedule service discovery request

p2p_serv_disc_cancel_req = cancel pending service discovery request

p2p_serv_disc_resp = service discovery response

p2p_service_update = indicate change in local services

p2p_serv_disc_external = set external processing of service discovery

p2p_service_flush = remove all stored service entries

p2p_service_add = add a local service

p2p_service_del [|service] = remove a local service

p2p_reject = reject connection attempts from a specific peer

p2p_invite [peer=addr] = invite peer

p2p_peers [discovered] = list known (optionally, only fully discovered) P2P

peers

p2p_peer = show information about known P2P peer

p2p_set = set a P2P parameter

p2p_flush = flush P2P state

p2p_cancel = cancel P2P group formation

p2p_unauthorize

= unauthorize a peer

p2p_presence_req [ ] [ ] = request GO presence

p2p_ext_listen [ ] = set extended listen timing

p2p_remove_client = remove a peer from all groups

sta_autoconnect <0/1> = disable/enable automatic reconnection

tdls_discover = request TDLS discovery with

tdls_setup = request TDLS setup with

tdls_teardown = tear down TDLS with

signal_poll = get signal parameters

pktcnt_poll = get TX/RX packet counters

reauthenticate = trigger IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL reauthentication

raw = Sent unprocessed command

flush = flush wpa_supplicant state

radio_work = radio_work

Configuration

Setwpa_supplicant.confto the following:

You have to change the values according to the response of

# wpa_passphrase

.

For WPA-PSK

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicantctrl_interface_group=0eapol_version=1#

ap_scan=2 was the one for me you may try 0 or 1 indstead of

2ap_scan=2fast_reauth=1network={ssid="my_network"proto=WPAkey_mgmt=WPA-PSKpairwise=TKIPgroup=TKIPpsk="secret_password"}

For WPA2-Personal

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicantctrl_interface_group=0ap_scan=1network={ssid="my_network"proto=RSNkey_mgmt=WPA-PSKpairwise=CCMP

TKIPgroup=CCMP TKIPpsk="secret_password"}

Bringing up the network card manually

Bring up the network interface with

# ifconfig ath0 up

.

NOTE!

At the moment there is a problem within the madwifi driver or wpa_supplicant

passing dhcp. That??s why I use a fixed IP.

There are two patches one for wpa_supllicant

(/zixunimg/eepwimg/hostap.epitest.fi/bugz/show_bug.cgi?id=63) and one for

madwifi

(/zixunimg/eepwimg/article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.drivers.madwifi.devel/1275).

Each one is supposed to work.

Change the routes and add the default gateway.

Bringing up the device at boottime (forGentoousers)

Make a symbolic link

# cd /etc/init.d/

# ln -s net.lo net.ath0

Copywpa_supplicant.confto/etc/conf.d/wpa_supplicant.

Edit/etc/conf.d/net

##net#modules=( "wpa_supplicant" )wpa_supplicant_ath0="-Dmadwifi"modules=(

"wpa_supplicant" )wpa_timeout_ath0=60config_ath0=(" netmask

255.255.255.0")routes_ath0=("default gw ")

Add net.ath0 to the default runlevel by executing

# rc-update add net.ath0 default

Make sure all needed modules are in/etc/modules.autoload/2.x

iw的编译和配置运行

iwis a new nl80211 (802.11 netlink interface) based CLI configuration utility

for wireless devices.

Netlink Protocol Library Suite

iw requires theNetlink Protocol Library Suite (libnl)

Download, cross compile and install the Netlink Protocol libraries:

wget

/zixunimg/eepwimg/www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz

tar -xzf libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz

cd libnl-3.2.24

./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi

make

make install

cd include

make install

iw

With the Netlink Protocol Library Suite prerequisite installed, download and

build theiwnl80211 based CLI configuration utility:

wget

/zixunimg/eepwimg/www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/iw/iw-3.15.tar.gz

tar -xzf iw-3.15.tar.gz

cd iw-3.15/

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/pkgconfig

export CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc

make

Manually install iw and required libraries on your target root-fs:

cp iw /home/export/rootfs/sbin/

cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl-genl-3.so.200

/home/export/rootfs/lib/

cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl-3.so.200 /home/export/rootfs/lib/

And update the dynamic linker run-time bindings on your target:

ldconfig -v

hostapd

hostapdis an 802.11 Access Point and IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP/RADIUS

Authenticator daemon.

Download, extract and build hostapd:

wget /zixunimg/eepwimg/hostap.epitest.fi/releases/hostapd-2.2.tar.gz

tar -xzf hostapd-2.2.tar.gz

cd hostapd-2.2/hostapd

cp defconfig .config

make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc

make install DESTDIR=/home/export/rootfs

rfkillis a userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill switches.

Download, extract and build rfkill:

wget/zixunimg/eepwimg/www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/rfkill/rfkill-0.5.tar.gz

tar -xzf rfkill-0.5.tar.gz

cd rfkill-0.5/

/zixunimg/eepwimg/houh-1984.blog.163.com

make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc

上面就是今天分享的那日通了。有兴趣的可以回去试试看哦。