环境

RAC+DG	RAM:4G ,OS:CENTOS7.5
HOSTNAME:RAC1：	PUBLIC IP:162.168.145.244，PRIV IP:192.168.89.219，VIP:192.168.145.144,scanip:192.168.145.140
HOSTNAME:RAC2：	PUBLIC IP:162.168.145.245，PRIV IP:192.168.89.220，VIP:192.168.145.145,scanip:192.168.145.140
备库(hostname:racdg):	ip:192.168.145.247
rac DB	DB_NAME=oem db_unique_Name=oem
备库	DB_NAME=oem db_unique_name=oem_dg

安装步骤

1.主库（也就是RAC）设置强制归档

sql> alter database force loggin

如果数据库未开启归档,通过以下的方式进行开启

查看数据库是否运行在归档模式：

sql>archive log list;

如上所示未开启归档，可按下面方法开启数据库归档

SQL> shutdown immediate #关闭数据库

SQL> startup mount; #启动到mount状态

SQL> alter database archivelog; #开启归档

SQL> alterdatabase open; #open数据库

2.主库设置参数

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(oem,oem_dg)' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=oem' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=oem_dg LGWR AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=oem_dg' scope=both sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_max_processes=4 scope=both sid='*';
alter system set fal_server=oem_dg scope=both sid='*';
alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/oem_dg/datafile/','+DATADG/oem/datafile/' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oradata/oem_dg/','+DATADG/oem/' scope=spfile sid='*';
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO scope=both sid='*';

3.主库建立standby redolog

查看每个实例的最大日志：

select inst_id,count(1),max(bytes) from gv$log group by inst_id;

每个实例有四组log，最大50M，每个实例需要建立count+1个strandby日志，大小为最大日志大小，也就是5组50M大小的standby日志：

ASMCMD> pwd+DATADG/OEM
ASMCMD> mkdir STANDBYLOG

alter system set standby_file_management=manual scope=both sid='*';alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 9 '+datadg/oem/standbylog/standby_group_01.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 10 '+datadg/oem/standbylog/standby_group_02.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 11 '+datadg/oem/standbylog/standby_group_03.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 12 '+datadg/oem/standbylog/standby_group_04.log' size 52428800;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 13 '+datadg/oem/standbylog/standby_group_05.log' size 52428800;alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both sid='*';select count(*) from v$standby_log;

4.主库rman备份整个库

oracle用户下执行 rman target /进入rman，然后执行下面的命令备份

run
{sql "alter system switch logfile";allocate channel ch1 type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/Primary_for_DG_%U';backup database;backup current controlfile for standby;sql "alter system archive log current";
}

5.拷贝主库rman备份文件到备份库的相同的目录下

scp /u01/app/oracle/backup/* 192.168.145.247:/u01/app/oracle/backup/

6.主库：建立standby（备库）的pfile，从primay（主）的spfile：

create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/standby_pfile.ora' from spfile;

7.主库：修改生成的pfile，作为DATAGUARD的目标库的pfile也就是备库

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/oem_dg/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.cluster_database=false
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/oradata/oem_dg/controlfile/control01.ctl','/oradata/oem_dg/controlfile/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_name_convert='+DATADG/oem/datafile/','/oradata/oem_dg/datafile/'
*.db_name='oem'
*.db_unique_name='oem_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=oemXDB)'
*.fal_server='OEM'
*.job_queue_processes=100
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(oem,oem_dg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/backup/oem VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=oem_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=oem LGWR AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=oem'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.log_buffer=10485760
*.log_file_name_convert='+DATADG/oem/','/oradata/oem_dg/'
*.memory_target=1581252608
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'
*.session_cached_cursors=300
*.sessions=800
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

修改了之后，传递给备库

scp /u01/app/oracle/standby_pfile.ora 192.168.145.247:/u01/app/oracle/

8.修改oracle的sys密码，保持所有主库和备份库一致：

#这里主库的ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
#从库的ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
#主库的ORACLE_SID=oem
#从库的ORACLE_SID=oem
#主库执行
scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID  192.168.145.247:/
#从库执行
#从库将复制过来的文件放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下
mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID.bak
#接下来将传过来的orapwoem1复制到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下并更名为orapwoem,和从库的sid保持一致，即是替换掉了原来的密码，现在使用主库的密码
#如果更换密码不成功，后面在做日志传输的时候会报错

9.主库：修改的tnsnames.ora文件，添加主库和备库的配置：

OEM =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scanip)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem)))OEM_DG =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.247)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem_dg)(SID=oem)(UR=A))
)OEM1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.244)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem)(SID=oem1)))OEM2 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.245)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem)(SID=oem2)))

10.建立目标库所需要的目录结构

#oracle用户下：
mkdir -p /app/oracle/admin/oem_dg/adumpmkdir -p /app/oracle/diag/rdbms/oem_dg/oem/trace/cdump
#root用户下：
#用于spfile中的.log_archive_dest_1
mkdir /backup
chown oracle:oinstall /backup
#创建oradata相关的目录，这里对应着RAC的ASM磁盘上的储存文件
mkdir -p /oradata/oem_dg/
cd /oradata/oem_dg/mkdir controlfile
mkdir datafile
mkdir onlinelog
mkdir standbylog
chown oracle:oinstall /oradata
chown oracle:oinstall /oradata/*

11.备库修改tnsnames，添加源库和目标库配置

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration to
OEM =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.140)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem)))OEM_DG =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.247)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem_dg)(SID=oem))
)OEM1 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.244)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem)(SID=oem1)))OEM2 =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=192.168.145.245)(PORT = 1521))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME = oem)(SID=oem2)))
~

12.备库：nomount启动数据库：

export ORACLE_SID=oem
sqlplus sys as sysdba
startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/standby_pfile.ora';

13.主库端：rman建立dataguard数据库：

rman target / auxiliary sys/111111@oem_dg
#111111是密码
#rman下执行
DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY NOFILENAMECHECK;

14.备份库创建spfile

create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/standby_pfile.ora';#关闭
shutdown immediate
#开启并挂载
startup mount

15.主库设置为最大可用模式

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

16.目标库启用日志应用

alter database recover managed standby database  disconnect from session;

17.测试效果：

主库创建表

create table testdg as select * from user_tables;
alter system switch logfile;

备库查看相关的日志输出

tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/oem_dg/oem/trace/alert_oem.log

18.检测日志输出

SELECT a.th, a.seq transfered, b.seq archived
FROM (SELECT local.thread# th, MAX (local.sequence#) seqFROM (SELECT thread#, sequence#FROM v$archived_logWHERE dest_id = 1) localWHERE local.sequence# IN(SELECT sequence#FROM v$archived_logWHERE dest_id = 2 AND thread# = local.thread#)GROUP BY local.thread#) a,(SELECT thread# th, MAX (sequence#) seqFROM v$archived_logWHERE dest_id = 1GROUP BY thread#) b
WHERE a.th = b.th
ORDER BY 1;

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环境