这个函数，主要用来做对比度调整，利用 gamma 曲线 或者 log 函数曲线，

gamma 函数的表达式：  y=xγ, 其中， x 是输入的像素值，取值范围为 [0−1], y 是输出的像素值，通过调整γ 值，改变图像的像素值的分布，进而改变图像的对比度。  log 函数的表达式:  y=alog(1+x), a 是一个放大系数，x 同样是输入的像素值，取值范围为 [0−1], y 是输出的像素值。  inverse log 的表达式:  y=a(2x−1), 这些变换都是从 [0−1] 变到 [0−1] 。

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88""" ================================= Gamma and log contrast adjustment ================================= This example adjusts image contrast by performing a Gamma and a Logarithmic correction on the input image. """

import matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

from skimage import data, img_as_float

from skimage import exposure

matplotlib.rcParams['font.size'] = 8

def plot_img_and_hist(img, axes, bins=256):

"""Plot an image along with its histogram and cumulative histogram. """

img = img_as_float(img)

ax_img, ax_hist = axes

ax_cdf = ax_hist.twinx()

# Display image

ax_img.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)

ax_img.set_axis_off()

# Display histogram

ax_hist.hist(img.ravel(), bins=bins, histtype='step', color='black')

ax_hist.ticklabel_format(axis='y', style='scientific', scilimits=(0, 0))

ax_hist.set_xlabel('Pixel intensity')

ax_hist.set_xlim(0, 1)

ax_hist.set_yticks([])

# Display cumulative distribution

img_cdf, bins = exposure.cumulative_distribution(img, bins)

ax_cdf.plot(bins, img_cdf, 'r')

ax_cdf.set_yticks([])

return ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf

# Load an example image

img = data.moon()

# Gamma

gamma_corrected = exposure.adjust_gamma(img, 2)

# Logarithmic

logarithmic_corrected = exposure.adjust_log(img, 1)

# Display results

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))

axes = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=np.object)

axes[0, 0] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 1, adjustable='box-forced')

axes[0, 1] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 2, sharex=axes[0, 0], sharey=axes[0, 0],

adjustable='box-forced')

axes[0, 2] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 3, sharex=axes[0, 0], sharey=axes[0, 0],

adjustable='box-forced')

axes[1, 0] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 4)

axes[1, 1] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 5)

axes[1, 2] = plt.subplot(2, 3, 6)

ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf = plot_img_and_hist(img, axes[:, 0])

ax_img.set_title('Low contrast image')

y_min, y_max = ax_hist.get_ylim()

ax_hist.set_ylabel('Number of pixels')

ax_hist.set_yticks(np.linspace(0, y_max, 5))

ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf = plot_img_and_hist(gamma_corrected, axes[:, 1])

ax_img.set_title('Gamma correction')

ax_img, ax_hist, ax_cdf = plot_img_and_hist(logarithmic_corrected, axes[:, 2])

ax_img.set_title('Logarithmic correction')

ax_cdf.set_ylabel('Fraction of total intensity')

ax_cdf.set_yticks(np.linspace(0, 1, 5))

# prevent overlap of y-axis labels

fig.tight_layout()

plt.show()