[PMI-ACP认证] PMI-ACP 认证考试内容解析

PMI-ACP 认证考试内容解析

ACP考试内容包含七大知识领域，分别是：

敏捷原则和理念（16%）
价值驱动交付（20%）
干系人参与（17%）
团队绩效（16%）
适应性规划（12%）
问题发现和解决（10%）
持续改进(产品、流程、人员) （9%）

ACP 认证考试题量为120道单项选择题，采取中英文对照的形式，考试时间为3个小时。

计分规则是：120道题，其中20道是预备试题，预备试题不影响考生成绩，并随机分布在整套试题中。也就是说，120道题，除去随机20道不计分，剩下的试题中，答对65道即可通过考试。

ACP Exam Pattern

PMI- ACP Exam questions will include 120 MCQs with 20 pretest questions which will not alter the score. This online examination is conducted for 3 hours and will contain PMI- ACP Exam questions about agile tools, techniques and project management skills.

The PMI- ACP Exam questions include three levels of questions namely level 1 (33% of 120 questions), level 2 (12%) and level 3 (5%).

The ACP PMI Exam will include questions that cover the below-mentioned areas but not in the same order as given below. Refer this to know how much focus you need to give on which domain.

% Questions	Domain
16%	Agile mindset + principles 敏捷思维+原则
20%	Delivery – Value Driven 价值驱动交付
17%	Engaging with the stakeholder 干系人参与
16%	Performance of the team 团队绩效
12%	Adaptive planning 适应性计划
10%	Detecting problem and resolution 问题发现和解决
9%	Continuous process, people and product improvement 持续改善（产品、过程、人员）

领域和任务（DOMAINS AND TASKS）

Domain I. 敏捷准则和理念 Agile Principles and Mindset (9 tasks)

Explore, embrace, and apply agile principles and mindset within the context of the project team and organization.

在项目团队与组织中探索及应用敏捷的准则和理念

Domain II. 价值驱动交付 Value-Driven Delivery (4 sub-domains, 14 tasks)

Deliver valuable results by producing high-value increments for review, early and often, based on stakeholder priorities. Have the stakeholders provide feedback on these increments, and use this feedback to prioritize and improve future increments.

根据干系人的优先级，尽早、持续地提供高价值的增量交付，为干系人提供有价值的成果，同时获取干系人对成果的反馈，根据反馈调整后续增量交付的优先级并持续改进。

Domain III. 干系人参与 Stakeholder Engagement (3 sub-domains, 9 tasks)

Engage current and future interested parties by building a trusting environment that aligns their needs and expectations and balances their requests with an understanding of the cost/effort involved. Promote participation and collaboration throughout the project life cycle and provide the tools for effective and informed decision making.

建立信任的氛围，促使干系人参与其中，协调他们的需求和期望，根据所投入的成本和努力来平衡各自的要求，从而达成一致。在项目整个生命周期内促进参与和协作，并通过各种工具进行有效决策。

Domain IV. 团队绩效 Team Performance (3 sub-domains, 9 tasks)

Create an environment of trust, learning, collaboration, and conflict resolution that promotes team self-organization, enhances relationships among team members, and cultivates a culture of high performance.

创建一种信任、学习、协作和冲突解决的环境，促进团队自组织，融洽团队之间的关系，从而培养一种高绩效的工作文化。

Domain V. 适应性计划 Adaptive Planning (3 sub-domains, 10 tasks)

Produce and maintain an evolving plan, from initiation to closure, based on goals, values, risks, constraints, stakeholder feedback, and review findings.

根据目标、价值、风险、约束、干系人的反馈和评审结果，制定一个不断发展的计划。

Domain VI. 问题发现和解决 Problem Detection and Resolution (5 tasks)

Continuously identify problems, impediments, and risks; prioritize and resolve in a timely manner; monitor and communicate the problem resolution status; and implement process improvements to prevent them from occurring again.

持续识别问题、障碍和风险，根据轻重缓急，对其及时解决；监控并沟通问题解决的状态；实施过程改进，避免再次发生。

Domain VII. 持续改善（产品、过程、人） Continuous Improvement (Product, Process, People) (6 tasks)

Continuously improve the quality, effectiveness, and value of the product, the process, and the team.

持续改进产品、过程和团队质量、效率及价值。

任务（TASKS）

Domain I	敏捷准则和理念 Agile Principles and Mindset
Task 1	Advocate for agile principles by modeling those principles and discussing agile values in order to develop a shared mindset across the team as well as between the customer and the team. 倡导敏捷的准则和价值观，在整个团队乃至客户与团队之间形成一种共同的理念。
Task 2	Help ensure that everyone has a common understanding of the values and principles of agile and a common knowledge around the agile practices and terminology being used in order to work effectively. 推动并确保每个人对敏捷价值观、准则、敏捷实践和术语达成共同的理解，从而有效的工作。
Task 3	Support change at the system or organization level by educating the organization and influencing processes, behaviors, and people in order to make the organization more effective and efficient. 通过对组织的教育和对过程、人和行为的影响，支持系统或组织层面的变革，从而让组织更高效。
Task 4	Practice visualization by maintaining highly visible information radiators showing real progress and real team performance in order to enhance transparency and trust. 进行可视化管理，维护高度可视化的信息发射源，显示团队真实的进展和绩效，从而增强透明度与信任度
Task 5	Contribute to a safe and trustful team environment by allowing everyone to experiment and make mistakes so that each can learn and continuously improve the way he or she works. 营造一个安全、信任的团队氛围，允许每个人犯错，因为这样能够让他们从中学习并不断改进工作方式。
Task 6	Enhance creativity by experimenting with new techniques and process ideas in order to discover more efficient and effective ways of working. 尝试新技术和新想法，探索更高效的工作方式，提高创新能力。
Task 7	Encourage team members to share knowledge by collaborating and working together in order to lower risks around knowledge silos and reduce bottlenecks. 通过协助共处鼓励团队成员分享知识，降低信息孤岛风险，并减少阻碍。
Task 8	Encourage emergent leadership within the team by establishing a safe and respectful environment in which new approaches can be tried in order to make improvements and foster self-organization and empowerment. 构建一个安全、尊重的环境，鼓励团队内部的自发领导，尝试工作方法的持续改进，培养自组织和授权的意识。
Task 9	Practice servant leadership by supporting and encouraging others in their endeavors so that they can perform at their highest level and continue to improve. 践行仆人式领导，支持并鼓励团队的努力，让他们可以发挥最高水平并持续改善。
Domain II	价值驱动交付 Value-Driven Delivery
Define Positive Value 定义积极的（正向的）价值
Task 1	Define deliverables by identifying units that can be produced incrementally in order to maximize their value to stakeholders while minimizing non-value added work.
Task 2	Refine requirements by gaining consensus on the acceptance criteria for features on a just-in-time basis in order to deliver value.
Task 3	Select and tailor the team’s process based on project and organizational characteristics as well as team experience in order to optimize value delivery.
Avoid Potential Downsides 避免潜在的不利情况
Task 4	Plan for small releasable increments by organizing requirements into minimally marketable features/minimally viable products in order to allow for the early recognition and delivery of value.
Task 5	Limit increment size and increase review frequency with appropriate stakeholders in order to identify and respond to risks early on and at minimal cost.
Task 6	Solicit customer and user feedback by reviewing increments often in order to confirm and enhance business value. Prioritization
Prioritization
Task 7	Prioritize the units of work through collaboration with stakeholders in order to optimize the value of the deliverables.
Task 8	Perform frequent review and maintenance of the work results by prioritizing and maintaining internal quality in order to reduce the overall cost of incremental development.
Task 9	Continuously identify and prioritize the environmental, operational, and infrastructure factors in order to improve the quality and value of the deliverables.
Incremental Development 增量开发
Task 10	Conduct operational reviews and/or periodic checkpoints with stakeholders in order to obtain feedback and corrections to the work in progress and planned work.
Task 11	Balance development of deliverable units and risk reduction efforts by incorporating both value producing and risk reducing work into the backlog in order to maximize the total value proposition over time.
Task 12	Re-prioritize requirements periodically in order to reflect changes in the environment and stakeholder needs or preferences in order to maximize the value.
Task 13	Elicit and prioritize relevant non-functional requirements (such as operations and security) by considering the environment in which the solution will be used in order to minimize the probability of failure.
Task 14	Conduct frequent reviews of work products by performing inspections, reviews, and/or testing in order to identify and incorporate improvements into the overall process and product/service.
Domain III Stakeholder Engagement 干系人参与
Understand Stakeholder Needs 理解干系人需求
Task 1	Identify and engage effective and empowered business stakeholder(s) through periodic reviews in order to ensure that the team is knowledgeable about stakeholders’ interests, needs, and expectations.
Task 2	Identify and engage all stakeholders (current and future) by promoting knowledge sharing early and throughout the project to ensure the unimpeded flow of information and value throughout the lifespan of the project.
Ensure Stakeholder Involvement 确保干系人参与
Task 3	Establish stakeholder relationships by forming a working agreement among key stakeholders in order to promote participation and effective collaboration.
Task 4	Maintain proper stakeholder involvement by continually assessing changes in the project and organization in order to ensure that new stakeholders are appropriately engaged.
Task 5	Establish collaborative behaviors among the members of the organization by fostering group decision making and conflict resolution in order to improve decision quality and reduce the time required to make decisions.
Manage Stakeholder Expectations 管理干系人期望
Task 6	Establish a shared vision of the various project increments (products, deliverables, releases, iterations) by developing a high level vision and supporting objectives in order to align stakeholders’ expectations and build trust.
Task 7	Establish and maintain a shared understanding of success criteria, deliverables, and acceptable trade-offs by facilitating awareness among stakeholders in order to align expectations and build trust.
Task 8	Provide transparency regarding work status by communicating team progress, work quality, impediments, and risks in order to help the primary stakeholders make informed decisions.
Task 9	Provide forecasts at a level of detail that balances the need for certainty and the benefits of adaptability in order to allow stakeholders to plan effectively.
Domain IV Team Performance 团队绩效
Team Formation 团队组建
Task 1	Cooperate with the other team members to devise ground rules and internal processes in order to foster team coherence and strengthen team members’ commitment to shared outcomes.
Task 2	Help create a team that has the interpersonal and technical skills needed to achieve all known project objectives in order to create business value with minimal delay.
Team Empowerment 团队授权
Task 3	Encourage team members to become generalizing specialists in order to reduce team size and bottlenecks, and to create a highperforming cross-functional team.
Task 4	Contribute to self-organizing the work by empowering others and encouraging emerging leadership in order to produce effective solutions and manage complexity.
Task 5	Continuously discover team and personal motivators and demotivators in order to ensure that team morale is high and team members are motivated and productive throughout the project.
Team Collaboration and Commitment 团队协作和承诺
Task 6	Facilitate close communication within the team and with appropriate external stakeholders through co-location or the use of collaboration tools in order to reduce miscommunication and rework.
Task 7	Reduce distractions in order to establish a predictable outcome and optimize the value delivered.
Task 8	Participate in aligning project and team goals by sharing project vision in order to ensure the team understands how their objectives fit into the overall goals of the project.
Task 9	Encourage the team to measure its velocity by tracking and measuring actual performance in previous iterations or releases in order for members to gain a better understanding of their capacity and create more accurate forecasts.
Domain V Adaptive Planning 适用性计划
Levels of Planning 计划的层次
Task 1	Plan at multiple levels (strategic, release, iteration, daily) creating appropriate detail by using rolling wave planning and progressive elaboration to balance predictability of outcomes with ability to exploit opportunities.
Task 2	Make planning activities visible and transparent by encouraging participation of key stakeholders and publishing planning results in order to increase commitment level and reduce uncertainty.
Task 3	As the project unfolds, set and manage stakeholder expectations by making increasingly specific levels of commitments in order to ensure common understanding of the expected deliverables.
Adaptation 适应
Task 4	Adapt the cadence and the planning process based on results of periodic retrospectives about characteristics and/or the size/complexity/criticality of the project deliverables in order tomaximize the value.
Task 5	Inspect and adapt the project plan to reflect changes in requirements, schedule, budget, and shifting priorities based on team learning, delivery experience, stakeholder feedback, and defects in order to maximize business value delivered.
Agile Sizing and Estimation 敏捷估算
Task 6	Task 6 Size items by using progressive elaboration techniques in order to determine likely project size independent of team velocity and external variables.
Task 7	Task 7 Adjust capacity by incorporating maintenance and operations demands and other factors in order to create or update the range estimate.
Task 8	Task 8 Create initial scope, schedule, and cost range estimates that reflect current high level understanding of the effort necessary to deliver the project in order to develop a starting point for managing the project.
Task 9	Task 9 Refine scope, schedule, and cost range estimates that reflect the latest understanding of the effort necessary to deliver the project in order to manage the project.
Task 10	Task 10 Continuously use data from changes in resource capacity, project size, and velocity metrics in order to evaluate the estimate to complete.
Domain VI Problem Detection and Resolution 问题发现和解决
Task 1	Create an open and safe environment by encouraging conversation and experimentation, in order to surface problems and impediments that are slowing the team down or preventing its ability to deliver value.
Task 2	Identify threats and issues by educating and engaging the team at various points in the project in order to resolve them at the appropriate time and improve processes that caused issues.
Task 3	Ensure issues are resolved by appropriate team members and/or reset expectations in light of issues that cannot be resolved in order to maximize the value delivered.
Task 4	Maintain a visible, monitored, and prioritized list of threats and issues in order to elevate accountability, encourage action, and track ownership and resolution status.
Task 5	Communicate status of threats and issues by maintaining threat list and incorporating activities into backlog of work in order to provide transparency.
Domain VII Continuous Improvement (Product, Process, People) 持续改进（产品、过程、人）
Task 1	Tailor and adapt the project process by periodically reviewing and integrating team practices, organizational culture, and delivery goals in order to ensure team effectiveness within established organizational guidelines and norms.
Task 2	Improve team processes by conducting frequent retrospectives and improvement experiments in order to continually enhance the effectiveness of the team, project, and organization.
Task 3	Seek feedback on the product by incremental delivery and frequent demonstrations in order to improve the value of the product.
Task 4	Create an environment of continued learning by providing opportunities for people to develop their skills in order to develop a more productive team of generalizing specialists.
Task 5	Challenge existing process elements by performing a value stream analysis and removing waste in order to increase individual efficiency and team effectiveness.
Task 6	Create systemic improvements by disseminating knowledge and practices across projects and organizational boundaries in order toavoid re-occurrence of identified problems and improve the effectiveness of the organization as a whole.

工具和技术（TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES）

工具包	The examples illustrate the breadth of the toolkit, but are NOT meant to provide an exhaustive list of all techniques and tools in the toolkit 这些示例说明了工具箱的广度，但并不意味着提供工具箱中所有技术和工具的详尽列表
Agile Analysis and Design	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： product roadmap user stories/backlog story maps progressive elaboration wireframes chartering personas agile modeling workshops learning cycle collaboration games
Agile Estimation	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： relative sizing/story points/T-shirt sizing wide band Delphi/planning poker affinity estimating ideal time
Communications	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： information radiator team space agile tooling osmotic communications for co-located and/or distributed teams two-way communications (trustworthy, conversation driven) social media–based communication active listening brainstorming feedback methods
Interpersonal skills	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： emotional intelligence collaboration adaptive leadership servant leadership negotiation conflict resolution
Metrics	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： velocity/throughput/productivity cycle time lead time EVM for agile projects defect rate approved iterations work in progress
Planning, Monitoring, and Adapting	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： reviews 评审 Kanban board 看板 task board 任务板 timeboxing 时间盒 iteration and release planning 迭代和发布计划 variance and trend analysis 偏差和趋势分析 WIP limits 过程中的工作限制 daily stand ups 每日站会 burn down/up charts 燃烬/燃起图 cumulative flow diagrams 累积流量图 backlog grooming/refinement 待办事项清理/优化 product-feedback loop 产品反馈环路
Process Improvement	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： Kaizen the Five WHYs retrospectives, intraspectives process tailoring/hybrid models value stream mapping control limits pre-mortem (rule setting, failure analysis) fishbone diagram analysis
Product Quality	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： frequent verification and validation definition of done continuous integration testing, including exploratory and usability
Risk Management	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： risk adjusted backlog 风险调整待办事项 risk burn down graphs 风险燃尽图 risk-based spike 风险探针 architectural spike 架构探针
Value-Based Prioritization	Including but not limited to: 包括但不限于： ROI/NPV/IRR 投资回报率/净现值/内部收益率 compliance 合规 customer valued prioritization 客户价值优先排序 requirements reviews 需求评审 minimal viable product (MVP) 最小可行产品 minimal marketable feature (MMF) 最小可售功能 relative prioritization/ranking 相对优先级/排名 MoSCoW = Must, Should, Could, Would like to have, but not this time(Won't) Kano analysis 卡诺分析

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Each statement is preceded implicitly by Knowledge of or Skill in
 Agile values and principles
 Agile frameworks and terminology
 Agile methods and approaches
 Assessing and incorporating community and stakeholder values
 Stakeholder management
 Communication management
 Facilitation methods
 Knowledge sharing/written communication
 Leadership
 Building agile teams
 Team motivation
 Physical and virtual co-location
 Global, cultural, and team diversity
 Training, coaching, and mentoring
 Developmental mastery models (for example, Tuckman, Dreyfus, Shu Ha Ri)
 Self-assessment tools and techniques
 Participatory decision models (for example, convergent, shared collaboration)
 Principles of systems thinking (for example, complex adaptive, chaos)
 Problem solving
 Prioritization
 Incremental delivery
 Agile discovery
 Agile sizing and estimation
 Value based analysis and decomposition
 Process analysis
 Continuous improvement
 Agile hybrid models
 Managing with agile KPIs
 Agile project chartering
 Agile contracting
 Agile project accounting principles
 Regulatory compliance
 PMI's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct