RabbitMQ交换机的讲解

一、交换机类型

1.扇形交换机

扇形交换机是最基本的交换机，它的作用是广播消息，把能接收到的消息全部发送给绑定在自己身上的队列，因为广播不需要思考，所以扇形交换机处理消息的速度也是所有交换机类型里面最快的

2.直连交换机

将消息推送到binding key与该消息的routing key相同的队列

直连交换机x上绑定了两个队列，第一个列队绑定了绑定键orange，第二个队列有两个绑定键：black和green。在这种情况下，一个消息在布时指定了路由键为orange将会只被路由到列队q1，路由键为black和green的消息都将被路由到队列q2，其他的消息都将被丢失

3.主题交换机

二、交换机代码

1.直连交换机

①创建配置类DirectConfig（创建交换机，队列，进行绑定）

package com.example.provider.mq;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/*** @author 小宝的宝*/
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class DirectConfig {/*** 创建队列* @return*/@Beanpublic Queue directQueueA(){return new Queue("directQueueA",true);}@Beanpublic Queue directQueueB(){return new Queue("directQueueB",true);}@Beanpublic Queue directQueueC(){return new Queue("directQueueC",true);}/*** 创建交换机*/@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange(){return new DirectExchange("directExchange");}@Beanpublic Binding bindingA(){return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueA()).to(directExchange()).with("AA");}@Beanpublic Binding bindingB(){return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueB()).to(directExchange()).with("BB");}@Beanpublic Binding bindingC(){return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueC()).to(directExchange()).with("CC");}
}

②创建controller层模拟发送消息

package com.example.provider;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** @author 小宝的宝*/
@RestController
public class providerController {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@RequestMapping("/sendDirect")public String sendDirect(String routingKey){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange",routingKey,"Hello");return "yes";}
}

③运行结果出现三个列队

④在消费者中创建接收者类，需要一直运行，表示一直处于接收状态

分别监听队列ABC

⑤启动消费者就可以接收消息啦

2.主题交换机

①创建主题交换机的配置类

定义key的规则并与交换机进行绑定

package com.example.provider.mq;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @author 小宝的宝*/
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class TopicConfig {public final static String KEY_A="*.black.*";public final static String KEY_B="*.ribbit.#";public final static String KEY_C="#.lazy";/*** 创建队列* @return*/@Beanpublic Queue topicQueueA(){return new Queue("topicQueueA",true);}@Beanpublic Queue topicQueueB(){return new Queue("topicQueueB",true);}@Beanpublic Queue topicQueueC(){return new Queue("topicQueueC",true);}/*** 创建交换机*/@Beanpublic TopicExchange topicExchange(){return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");}@Beanpublic Binding topicbindingA(){return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueA()).to(topicExchange()).with(KEY_A);}@Beanpublic Binding topicbindingB(){return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueB()).to(topicExchange()).with(KEY_B);}@Beanpublic Binding topicbindingC(){return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueC()).to(topicExchange()).with(KEY_C);}
}

②在消费者中创建主题队列的接收者并监听队列

③在controller层中定义发消息的方法

@RequestMapping("/sendTopic")
public String sendTopic(String routingKey){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange",routingKey,"Hello");return "yes";
}

④运行方法

3.扇形交换机

交换机绑定队列时不需要绑定键

①.配置类（新建队列和交换机并将他们绑定）

package com.example.provider.mq;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;/*** @author 小宝的宝*/
@Configuration
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class FanoutConfig {/*** 创建队列* @return*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueueA(){return new Queue("fanoutQueueA",true);}@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueueB(){return new Queue("fanoutQueueB",true);}@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueueC(){return new Queue("fanoutQueueC",true);}/*** 创建交换机*/@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");}@Beanpublic Binding fanoutbindingA(){return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueA()).to(fanoutExchange());}@Beanpublic Binding fanoutbindingB(){return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueB()).to(fanoutExchange());}@Beanpublic Binding fanoutbindingC(){return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueC()).to(fanoutExchange());}
}

注意：交换机与列队绑定时，方法名不能与其他的重复

②controller层方法

@RequestMapping("/sendFanout")
public String sendFanout(){rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange",null,"Hello");return "yes";
}

③重新启动运行controller方法

可看到与三个队列绑定

④消费者模块创建接收类

⑤启动消费者

接收到消息