Oracle数据库除了使用DBCA创建数据库的方式外，还可以使用命令手动创建数据库。本文为Oracle 11g手动创建数据库的完整过程，供大家参考使用。

1.修改oracle用户环境变量

$ vim .bash_profile

#oracle env

NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.UTF8"

ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/product

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11203/db1

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME NLS_LANG

ORACLE_SID=yhd

export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export ORACLE_TERM

PATH=$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export PATH

NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8

export NLS_LANG

使设置生效

$ . .bash_profile

$ env |grep ORACLE

ORACLE_SID=yhd

ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/product

ORACLE_TERM=xterm

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/product/11203/db1

2.创建数据文件目录和其他需要的目录

# mkdir -p /data/oradata/yhd

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oradata

# su – oracle

$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/product/admin/yhd/adump

$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/product/admin/yhd/cdump

$ mkdir -p /home/oracle/product/admin/yhd/diag

3.创建参数文件

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^# > inityhd.ora

$ vim inityhd.ora

db_name='yhd'

memory_target=8G

processes = 150

audit_file_dest= /home/oracle/product/admin/yhd/adump

audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain=''

db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oradata/flash_recovery_area'

db_recovery_file_dest_size=6G

diagnostic_dest=''

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'

open_cursors=300

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

undo_management=auto

control_files = ('/data/oradata/yhd/control01.ctl','/data/oradata/yhd/control02.ctl','/data/oradata/yhd/control03.ctl')

sga_target = 4G

compatible ='11.2.0'

core_dump_dest=/home/oracle/product/admin/yhd/cdump

diagnostic_dest=/home/oracle/product/admin/yhd/diag

wmssh6.__db_cache_size=109521666048

wmssh6.__java_pool_size=268435456

wmssh6.__large_pool_size=268435456

wmssh6.__oracle_base='/home/oracle/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

wmssh6.__pga_aggregate_target=21474836480

wmssh6.__sga_target=118111600640

wmssh6.__shared_io_pool_size=0

wmssh6.__shared_pool_size=7516192768

wmssh6.__streams_pool_size=0

*._b_tree_bitmap_plans=FALSE

*._in_memory_undo=FALSE

*._memory_imm_mode_without_autosga=FALSE

*._optim_peek_user_binds=FALSE

*._optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing=FALSE

*._optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel='NONE'

*._optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing='NONE'

*.compatible='11.2.0'

*.control_files='/data2/oracle/oradata/wmssh6/control01.ctl','/data2/oracle/oradata/wmssh6/control02.ctl','/data2/oracle/oradata/wmssh6/control03.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_name='wmssh6'

*.db_securefile='NEVER'

*.db_unique_name='wmsshdg2'

*.deferred_segment_creation=FALSE

*.diagnostic_dest='/home/oracle/app'

*.fal_client='wmsshdg2'

*.fal_server='wmssh'

*.filesystemio_options='SETALL'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(wmssh,wmsshdg,wmsshdg2)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/data/oracle/arch'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=wmssh lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=wmssh'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

*.pga_aggregate_target=21474836480

*.processes=4000

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.resource_manager_plan=''

*.sga_max_size=118111600640

*.sga_target=118111600640

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

4.创建密码文件

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

$ orapwd file=orapwyhd password=oracle

5.启动数据库到nomount

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup nomount;

6.编写建库脚本

$ vim createdb.sql

CREATE DATABASE yhd

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

MAXINSTANCES 2

MAXDATAFILES 2048

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 20

DATAFILE '/data/oradata/yhd/system01.dbf' SIZE 1G AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/data/oradata/yhd/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 500M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 50M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE '/data/oradata/yhd/temp01.dbf' SIZE 500M

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 DATAFILE '/data/oradata/yhd/undotbs1.dbf' SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 20M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TABLESPACE yhd

DATAFILE '/data/oradata/yhd/yhd01.dbf'

SIZE 1G

LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/data/oradata/yhd/redo1_1.rdo','/data/oradata/yhd/redo1_2.dbf') SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2 ('/data/oradata/yhd/redo2_1.rdo','/data/oradata/yhd/redo2_2.dbf') SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3 ('/data/oradata/yhd/redo3_1.rdo','/data/oradata/yhd/redo3_2.dbf') SIZE 50M;

7.执行建库脚本

SQL> @/home/oracle/product/11203/db1/dbs/createdb.sql

8.运行数据字典

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql

9.新建sqlplus属性和帮助

SQL> conn system/oracle

SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql