Oracle Create the Database for 11g(手动创建数据库，附整个过程自动运行脚本)

这里说的创建数据库并非是dbca调用OUI图形来进行的，而是手动建库方式。

介绍一下操作环境：

OS – win7 64bit

DB – 11.2.0.1 64bit

原先有一个库，这个不要紧，我们只是创建一个另一个库。

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME

——————

LUOCS

参考资料：

Oracle联机文档 – Administrator's Guide 《Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement》

官方文档手动建库步骤大概有十几个步骤，非常简单，那么下面看实际操作。

Step 1：指定新的SID

我们这里创建一个以OCM为名的SID。

对于SID官方有明确说明：

ORACLE_SID is used to distinguish this instance from other Oracle Database instances that you may create later and run concurrently on the same host computer. The maximum number of characters for ORACLE_SID is 12, and only letters and numeric digits are permitted. On some platforms, the SID is case-sensitive.

Note:

It is common practice to set the SID to be equal to the database name. The maximum number of characters for the database name is eight. This parameter must be specified and must correspond to the name specified in the CREATE DATABASE statement.

这里有一些根据不同平台不同shell指定SID方法：

Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

ORACLE_SID=mynewdb

export ORACLE_SID

C shell:

setenv ORACLE_SID mynewdb

Windows operating system:

set ORACLE_SID=mynewdb

那我们这里是windows平台，操作如下：

C:>set ORACLE_SID=ocm

Step 2：选择数据库管理员身份验证方法

为创建数据库，我们必须选择一种数据库管理员身份验证模式，这里有两种方法：

With a password file

With operating system authentication

数据库管理员验证方法如下图可以详细解释：

我们一般都会创建口令文件，如下操作：

C:>set ORACLE_HOME=G:appLuocsproduct11.2.0dbhome_1

C:>orapwd file=%ORACLE_HOME%databaseorapwocm password=oracle

备注：如果执行orapwd命令的时候遇到诸如Unable to find error file %ORACLE_HOME%RDBMSopw<lang>.msb这样的报错，那是因为没有指定正确的ORACLE_HOME所致。

Step 3：创建初始化参数文件

11g的初始化参数文件一般指定三个参数，都是：

Parameter Name Mandatory Notes

DB_NAME Yes Database identifier. Must correspond to the value used in the CREATE DATABASE statement. Maximum 8 characters.

CONTROL_FILES No Strongly recommended. If not provided, the database instance creates one control file in the same location as the initialization parameter file. Providing this parameter enables you to multiplex control files.

MEMORY_TARGET No Sets the total amount of memory used by the instance and enables automatic memory management. You can choose other initialization parameters instead of this one for more manual control of memory usage.

可见三个参数中必须要有的是db_name，但我们的实验中三个参数都指定：

%ORACLE_HOME%databaseinitocm.ora

— 如下内容

db_name='ocm'

control_files='G:appLuocsoradataocmcontrol01.ctl'

memory_target=300M

备注:这里根据需求填写多个控制文件路径.

Step 4：创建实例服务

这是windows服务器独有的，正好我这里也是windows，如下操作：

官方给出oradim -NEW -SID sid -STARTMODE MANUAL -PFILE pfile 这种方法，但比较麻烦，我只是简单创建即可

G:>oradim -new -sid ocm

DIM-00014: Message 14 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ORADIM

O/S-Error: (OS 5) 拒绝访问。

这个原因是你没有权限所致，我们可以如下方式解决：

开始 –> 所有程序 –> 附件 –> 右键以管理员身份打开"命令提示符"

再执行：

C:>oradim -new -sid ocm

Instance created.

Step 5：连接实例

C:>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 27 05:37:26 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle>

Step 6：创建服务器参数文件

idle> create spfile from pfile='%oracle_home%databaseinitocm.ora';

File created.

Step 7：启动实例

我们把实例启动到nomount状态

idle> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 313159680 bytes

Fixed Size 2175328 bytes

Variable Size 213913248 bytes

Database Buffers 92274688 bytes

Redo Buffers 4796416 bytes

Step 8：创建数据库

为创建数据库，我们首先需要创建有必要的目录，满足数据文件、控制文件、日志文件等路径需求。

这里我将把控制文件、数据文件、日志文件都放到一个目录下，你也可以独立出来，或者多元化设置

C:>mkdir e:appLuocsoradataocm

备注：因为我的windows已强化过，所以mkdir命令可用

下面是创建数据库语句：

CREATE DATABASE ocm

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('e:appLuocsoradataocmredo01a.log') SIZE 20M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 ('e:appLuocsoradataocmredo02a.log') SIZE 20M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 ('e:appLuocsoradataocmredo03a.log') SIZE 20M BLOCKSIZE 512

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 2

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DATAFILE 'e:appLuocsoradataocmsystem01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

SYSAUX DATAFILE 'e:appLuocsoradataocmsysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE 'e:appLuocsoradataocmusers01.dbf'

SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1

TEMPFILE 'e:appLuocsoradataocmtemp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DATAFILE 'e:appLuocsoradataocmundotbs01.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

/

SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

——————————– ————————

ocm OPEN

当然，如果配置了OMF，那么创建语句可以简化非常多：

CREATE DATABASE ocm

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle

USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;

Step 9：执行脚本创建数据字典相关视图

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

Script Description

CATALOG.SQL Creates the views of the data dictionary tables, the dynamic performance views, and public synonyms for many of the views. Grants PUBLIC access to the synonyms.

CATPROC.SQL Runs all scripts required for or used with PL/SQL.

PUPBLD.SQL Required for SQL*Plus. Enables SQL*Plus to disable commands by user.

手动创建数据库到这里就基本完事了，后续我们可以创建所需表空间、备份数据库等等一系列操作。

====================================================================================================

这里我再分享一下前段时间我做过的用脚本实现自动创建数据库方法：

这里贴脚本：

$ vi create_database.sh

#!/bin/bash

#

# Creater : Luocs(Xu)

# Date : 2012-05-04

# Description : Auto Create Database

##########################################

## create_database.sh ##

##########################################

LOGFILE=/home/oracle/create_database.log

read -p "Please Enter OracleSID:" SID

# Some important Environment variables

export ORACLE_SID=$SID

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1/dbhome_1

# Create Some directory

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/{adump,dpdump,pfile}

# Create Inisialization Parameter

touch $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora

INITPAR=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora

echo "audit_file_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump'" >> $INITPAR

echo "audit_trail='db'" >> $INITPAR

echo "compatible='11.2.0.0.0'" >> $INITPAR

echo "control_files='$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/control01.ctl'" >> $INITPAR

echo "db_block_size=8192" >> $INITPAR

echo "db_name='$ORACLE_SID'" >> $INITPAR

echo "diagnostic_dest='$ORACLE_BASE'" >> $INITPAR

echo "dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=zftXDB)'" >> $INITPAR

echo "job_queue_processes=1000" >> $INITPAR

echo "memory_target=300M" >> $INITPAR

echo "open_cursors=300" >> $INITPAR

echo "processes=300" >> $INITPAR

echo "remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'" >> $INITPAR

echo "sessions=335" >> $INITPAR

echo "undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'" >> $INITPAR

# Create Database Script

touch /home/oracle/cr_db.sql

CR_DB=/home/oracle/cr_db.sql

echo "create database $ORACLE_SID" >> $CR_DB

echo " USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle" >> $CR_DB

echo " USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle" >> $CR_DB

echo " LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/redo01.log') SIZE 100M," >> $CR_DB

echo " GROUP 2 ('$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/redo02.log') SIZE 100M," >> $CR_DB

echo " GROUP 3 ('$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/redo03.log') SIZE 100M" >> $CR_DB

echo " MAXLOGFILES 5" >> $CR_DB

echo " MAXLOGMEMBERS 5" >> $CR_DB

echo " MAXLOGHISTORY 1" >> $CR_DB

echo " MAXDATAFILES 100" >> $CR_DB

echo " MAXINSTANCES 1" >> $CR_DB

echo " CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8" >> $CR_DB

echo " DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE " >> $CR_DB

echo " AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K" >> $CR_DB

echo " EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL" >> $CR_DB

echo " SYSAUX DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE" >> $CR_DB

echo " DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp" >> $CR_DB

echo " TEMPFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/temp01.dbf'" >> $CR_DB

echo " SIZE 20M REUSE" >> $CR_DB

echo " UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1" >> $CR_DB

echo " DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/undotbs1.dbf'" >> $CR_DB

echo " SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;" >> $CR_DB

# Create Data dictionary Script

touch /home/oracle/cr_dict.sql

CR_DICT=/home/oracle/cr_dict.sql

echo "@?/rdbms/admin/catalog" >> $CR_DICT

echo "@?/rdbms/admin/catproc" >> $CR_DICT

echo "conn system/oracle" >> $CR_DICT

echo "@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld" >> $CR_DICT

echo "conn / as sysdba" >> $CR_DICT

# Create SPFILE Script

touch /home/oracle/cr_spfile.sql

CR_SPFILE=/home/oracle/cr_spfile.sql

echo "CREATE spfile FROM pfile;" >> $CR_SPFILE

# Create Tablespace for USERS Script

touch /home/oracle/cr_users.sql

CR_USERS=/home/oracle/cr_spfile.sql

echo "CREATE TABLESPACE users" >> $CR_USERS

echo " DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/user01.dbf' SIZE 100M" >> $CR_USERS

echo " AUTOEXTEND ON;" >> $CR_USERS

echo "ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;" >> $CR_USERS

sleep 10

# Execute Script

sqlplus / as sysdba >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 << EOF

startup nomount

# 请看输出日志《1》

@$CR_DB

# 请看输出日志《2》

@$CR_DICT

@$CR_SPFILE

@$CR_USERS

EOF

# Script End

执行脚本：

$ sh create_database.sh > create_database.log

创建普通用户默认表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE users

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/user01.dbf' SIZE 100M

AUTOEXTEND ON;

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;

col file_name for a45

col tablespace_name for a10

select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files;

FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE AUTOEX

———- ——————————————— ———- ——

1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf SYSTEM YES

2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX NO

3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf UNDOTBS1 YES

4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/user01.dbf USERS YES

日志部分：

———- 《1》 ———-

Starting up:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 – Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.

Using parameter settings in server-side pfile /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/d

bhome_1/dbs/inittest.ora

System parameters with non-default values:

processes = 300

sessions = 472

memory_target = 300M

control_files = "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl"

db_block_size = 8192

compatible = "11.2.0.0.0"

log_archive_format = "%t_%s_%r.dbf"

undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"

remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"

dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=zftXDB)"

job_queue_processes = 1000

audit_file_dest = "/u01/app/oracle/admin/test/adump"

audit_trail = "DB"

db_name = "test"

open_cursors = 300

diagnostic_dest = "/u01/app/oracle"

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

PMON started with pid=2, OS id=9219

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

VKTM started with pid=3, OS id=9221 at elevated priority

VKTM running at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

GEN0 started with pid=4, OS id=9225

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

DIAG started with pid=5, OS id=9227

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

DBRM started with pid=6, OS id=9229

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

PSP0 started with pid=7, OS id=9231

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=9233

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=9235

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=9237

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=9239

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

CKPT started with pid=12, OS id=9241

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

SMON started with pid=13, OS id=9243

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

RECO started with pid=14, OS id=9245

Thu Apr 26 02:35:50 2012

MMON started with pid=15, OS id=9247

Thu Apr 26 02:35:51 2012

MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=9249

starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL

=TCP))'…

starting up 1 shared server(s) …

ORACLE_BASE from environment = /u01/app/oracle

———- 《2》 ———-

create database test

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY ****USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY ****LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 1

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE

AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp

TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

Database mounted in Exclusive Mode

Lost write protection disabled

Thu Apr 26 03:47:59 2012

Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2079752160

Assigning activation ID 2079752160 (0x7bf67fe0)

Thread 1 opened at log sequence 1

Current log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log

Successful open of redo thread 1

MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set

Thu Apr 26 03:47:59 2012

SMON: enabling cache recovery

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dcore.bsq

create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE

AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online

Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE

AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL online

create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Thu Apr 26 03:48:18 2012

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsqlddl.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dmanage.bsq

CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE

Completed: CREATE TABLESPACE sysaux DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO ONLINE

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dplsql.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtxnspc.bsq

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.

Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dfmap.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/denv.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/drac.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsec.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/doptim.bsq

Thu Apr 26 03:48:42 2012

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dobj.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/djava.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dpart.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/drep.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/daw.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsummgt.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtools.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dexttab.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddm.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/dlmnr.bsq

processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddst.bsq

Thu Apr 26 03:48:47 2012

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Starting background process SMCO

Thu Apr 26 03:48:49 2012

SMCO started with pid=20, OS id=9538

Thu Apr 26 03:48:54 2012

replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

Starting background process QMNC

Thu Apr 26 03:48:54 2012

QMNC started with pid=22, OS id=9542

Completed: create database test

USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY ****USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY ****LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,

GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,

GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log') SIZE 100M

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXLOGHISTORY 1

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 1

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf' SIZE 350M REUSE

AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL

SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE

DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp

TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 20M REUSE

UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1

DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs1.dbf'

SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED