安装了12c版本，发现没有scott用户和11g自带的emp，dept等等的表。于是尝试解锁用户，发现用户不存在。

sql> alter user scott account unlock;

alter user scott account unlock

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01918: user 'SCOTT' does not exist

手动创建用户，出错，和11g不太一样：

sql> create user scott identified by oracle;

create user scott identified by oracle

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name

原因和pdb，cdb有关。Oracle 12C引入了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C数据库引入的多租用户环境(Multitenant Environment)中，允许一个数据库容器(CDB)承载多个可插拔数据库(PDB)。CDB全称为Container Database，中文翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是一对一或多对一关系(RAC)：即一个实例只能与一个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。而实例与数据库不可能是一对多的关系。当进入ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是一对多的关系。下面是官方文档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。

查看错误ORA--65096：(oracle自带错误查找工具：!oerrora65096[错误代码])

特别注意：

该工具位于$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oerr

该工具所调用的错误信息列表文件为 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msg

该工具不可用于windows上，经测试，9i,10g,11g,12c都有此工具。

sql> !oerr ora 65096

65096,00000,"invalid common user or role name"

// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name

// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to

// the usual rules for user and role names,common user and role

// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII

// characters.

// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.

//

在CDB中用户得以C##开头。

创建scott用户和表的sql文件在oracle的安装目录下：

D:\app\oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\utlsampl.sql

复制一个副本到当前目录，重命名为create.sql

修改create.sql:

主要是将scott用户相关的语句改为c##scott，删除最后的EXIT，修改完的scott.sql如下：

create.sql:

SET TERMOUT OFF

SET ECHO OFF

DROP USER C##SCOTT CASCADE;

create user c##scott identified by tiger;

grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to c##scott container=all;

alter user c##scott default tablespace users;

alter user c##scott temporary tablespace temp;

CONNECT C##SCOTT/tiger

CREATE TABLE DEPT

(DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT PK_DEPT PRIMARY KEY,DNAME VARCHAR2(14),LOC VARCHAR2(13) ) ;

CREATE TABLE EMP

(EMPNO NUMBER(4) CONSTRAINT PK_EMP PRIMARY KEY,ENAME VARCHAR2(10),JOB VARCHAR2(9),MGR NUMBER(4),HIREDATE DATE,SAL NUMBER(7,2),COMM NUMBER(7,DEPTNO NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT FK_DEPTNO REFERENCES DEPT);

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES

(10,'ACCOUNTING','NEW YORK');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES (20,'RESEARCH','DALLAS');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES

(30,'SALES','CHICAGO');

INSERT INTO DEPT VALUES

(40,'OPERATIONS','BOSTON');

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,to_date('17-12-1980','dd-mm-yyyy'),800,NULL,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,to_date('20-2-1981',1600,300,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7521,'WARD',to_date('22-2-1981',1250,500,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,to_date('2-4-1981',2975,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7654,'MARTIN',to_date('28-9-1981',1400,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7698,'BLAKE',to_date('1-5-1981',2850,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7782,'CLARK',to_date('9-6-1981',2450,10);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,to_date('13-JUL-87','dd-mm-rr')-85,3000,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',to_date('17-11-1981',5000,10);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7844,'TURNER',to_date('8-9-1981',1500,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7876,'ADAMS',7788,'dd-mm-rr')-51,1100,20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7900,'JAMES',to_date('3-12-1981',950,30);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7902,'FORD',20);

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES

(7934,'MILLER',7782,to_date('23-1-1982',1300,10);

CREATE TABLE BONUS

(

ENAME VARCHAR2(10),SAL NUMBER,COMM NUMBER

) ;

CREATE TABLE SALGRADE

( GRADE NUMBER,LOSAL NUMBER,HISAL NUMBER );

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (1,700,1200);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (2,1201,1400);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (3,1401,2000);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (4,2001,3000);

INSERT INTO SALGRADE VALUES (5,3001,9999);

COMMIT;

测试：

sqlplus / as sysdba

sql> @d:\create.sql;

sql> conn c##scott/tiger

sql> select table_name from user_tables;

sql> select * from SALGRADE;

scott用户和表创建完成。

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