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2048 游戏

wiki:《2048》是一款单人在线和移动端游戏，由19岁的意大利人 Gabriele Cirulli 于2014年3月开发。游戏任务是在一个网格上滑动小方块来进行组合，直到形成一个带有有数字2048的方块。

代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import random
import curses
from itertools import chainclass Action(object):'''游戏控制显示'''UP = 'up'LEFT = 'left'DOWN = 'down'RIGHT = 'right'RESTART = 'restart'EXIT = 'exit'letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQwasdrq']# 字母编码，ord返回对应的十进制整数actions = [UP, LEFT, DOWN, RIGHT, RESTART, EXIT]# 用户行为actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions * 2))# 将字母的十进制整数和用户行为一一对应组合起来,并转换成字典类型# 因为不区分大小写，所以这里用户行为需要*2def __init__(self, stdscr):self.stdscr = stdscrdef get(self):char = "N"while char not in self.actions_dict:char = self.stdscr.getch()return self.actions_dict[char]class Grid(object):def __init__(self, size):self.size = sizeself.cells = Noneself.reset()def reset(self):self.cells = [[0 for i in range(self.size)] for j in range(self.size)]# 初始化一个二维数组，值都是0，作为棋盘的每格。self.add_random_item()self.add_random_item()def add_random_item(self):'''随机在某个格子输出2或4'''empty_cells = [(i, j) for i in range(self.size) for j in range(self.size) if self.cells[i][j] == 0](i, j) = random.choice(empty_cells)self.cells[i][j] = 4 if random.randrange(100) >= 90 else 2def transpose(self):'''利用 Python 内置的 zip(*) 方法来进行矩阵转置'''self.cells = [list(row) for row in zip(*self.cells)]def invert(self):'''将矩阵的每一行倒序'''self.cells = [row[::-1] for row in self.cells]@staticmethoddef move_row_left(row):'''一行向左合并'''def tighten(row):'''把零散的非零单元挤到一块'''new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]# 先将非零的元素全拿出来加入到新列表new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]# 按照原列表的大小，给新列表后面补零return new_rowdef merge(row):'''对邻近元素进行合并'''pair = Falsenew_row = []for i in range(len(row)):if pair:new_row.append(2 * row[i])# 合并后，加入乘 2 后的元素在 0 元素后面GameManager.score += 2 * row[i]# 更新分数pair = Falseelse:# 判断邻近元素能否合并if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:pair = Truenew_row.append(0)# 可以合并时，新列表加入元素 0else:new_row.append(row[i])# 不能合并，新列表中加入该元素# 断言合并后不会改变行列大小，否则报错assert len(new_row) == len(row)return new_row# 先挤到一块再合并再挤到一块return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))def move_left(self):self.cells = [self.move_row_left(row) for row in self.cells]def move_right(self):self.invert()self.move_left()self.invert()def move_up(self):self.transpose()self.move_left()self.transpose()def move_down(self):self.transpose()self.move_right()self.transpose()@staticmethoddef row_can_move_left(row):def change(i):if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0:return Trueif row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]:return Truereturn Falsereturn any(change(i) for i in range(len(row) - 1))def can_move_left(self):return any(self.row_can_move_left(row) for row in self.cells)def can_move_right(self):self.invert()can = self.can_move_left()self.invert()return candef can_move_up(self):self.transpose()can = self.can_move_left()self.transpose()return candef can_move_down(self):self.transpose()can = self.can_move_right()self.transpose()return candef can_move_restart(self):self.transpose()can = self.can_move_down()self.transpose()return candef can_move_exit(self):self.transpose()can = self.can_move_up()self.transpose()return canclass Screen(object):'''棋盘类'''help_string1 = '(W)up (S)down (A)left (D)right'help_string2 = '     (R)Restart (Q)Exit'over_string = '           GAME OVER'win_string = '          YOU WIN!'def __init__(self, screen=None, grid=None, score=0, best_score=0, over=False, win=False):self.grid = gridself.score = scoreself.over = overself.win = winself.screen = screenself.counter = 0def cast(self, string):'''绘制函数'''self.screen.addstr(string + '\n')# addstr() 方法将传入的内容展示到终端def draw_row(self, row):'''绘制竖直分割线的函数'''self.cast(''.join('|{: ^5}'.format(num) if num > 0 else '|     ' for num in row) + '|')def draw(self):self.screen.clear()# 清空屏幕self.cast('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))for row in self.grid.cells:self.cast('+-----' * self.grid.size + '+')self.draw_row(row)self.cast('+-----' * self.grid.size + '+')# 绘制分数if self.win:self.cast(self.win_string)else:if self.over:self.cast(self.over_string)else:self.cast(self.help_string1)self.cast(self.help_string2)# 绘制提示文字class GameManager(object):score = 0'''游戏状态控制类'''def __init__(self, size=4, win_num=2048):self.size = size # 棋盘宽高self.win_num = win_num # 过关分数self.reset()# 重置清屏def reset(self):self.state = 'init'# 初始化状态self.win = False# 胜利状态self.over = False# 失败状态# self.score = GameManager.score# 当前分数self.grid = Grid(self.size)# 创建棋盘self.grid.reset()# 棋盘清屏@propertydef screen(self):'''显示棋盘'''return Screen(screen=self.stdscr, score=GameManager.score, grid=self.grid, win=self.win, over=self.over)def move(self, direction):# 判断棋盘操作是否存在且可行if self.can_move(direction):getattr(self.grid, 'move_' + direction)()# getattr会调用grid类中的move_left、move_right# move_up、move_downself.grid.add_random_item()return Trueelse:return False@propertydef is_win(self):'''判断是否胜利'''self.win = max(chain(*self.grid.cells)) >= self.win_numreturn self.win@propertydef is_over(self):'''判断是否失败'''self.over = not any(self.can_move(move) for move in self.action.actions)return self.overdef can_move(self, direction):# getattr会调用grid类中的can_move__left、can_move_right# can_move_up、can_move_downreturn getattr(self.grid, 'can_move_' + direction)()def state_init(self):'''初始化状态'''self.reset()return 'game'def state_game(self):'''游戏状态'''self.screen.draw()# 显示得分和棋盘action = self.action.get()# 获取当前用户行为if action == Action.RESTART:return 'init'if action == Action.EXIT:return 'exit'if self.move(action):if self.is_win:return 'win'if self.is_over:return 'over'return 'game'def _restart_or_exit(self):'''重置游戏或退出游戏'''self.screen.draw()return 'init' if self.action.get() == Action.RESTART else 'exit'def state_win(self):'''胜利状态'''return self._restart_or_exit()def state_over(self):'''失败状态'''return self._restart_or_exit()def __call__(self, stdscr):curses.use_default_colors()self.stdscr = stdscrself.action = Action(stdscr)while self.state != 'exit':self.state = getattr(self, 'state_' + self.state)()# getattr会依次调用当前类中的state_init、state_gameif __name__ == '__main__':recursionlimit = sys.getrecursionlimit()# 因为此游戏中的递归调用可能会超过最大递归深度，# 这里判断python中的最大递归深度是否小于2000，# 没有则赋值2000if recursionlimit < 2000:sys.setrecursionlimit(2000)curses.wrapper(GameManager())

创建 2048.py，内容如上。

执行

python3 2048.py

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