C语言实现飞机订票系统

文章目录

题目
总体设计和需求分析
- 设计目的
- 总体设计和功能
- 结构体设计
- - 机票信息结构体
  - 订票人信息结构体
- 主函数的设计
各功能代码的实现
- 前置
- 添加机票
- 查找机票信息
- 修改机票信息
- 显示机票信息
- 推荐机票信息
- 订票
- 退票
- 保存信息
- 显示时间
测试

题目

本文将设计一个飞机订票系统，主要包括机票的添加、修改、查找、订票、退票、推荐机票功能，用C语言编程实现，并用链表存储产生的航班信息和订票信息数据，最后可以把链表中的数据保存到文件中。

总体设计和需求分析

设计目的

1.怎样去合理的设计一个数据结构来存储订票信息和航班信息
2.加深对链表的增删改查功能的学习和理解
3.学习如何链表和外部文件之间的读取和存储操作
4.学习如何将学到的知识应用到实际的问题中

总体设计和功能

此飞机订票系统将实现以下功能：
1.初始化功能
该功能将实现将航班信息文件和订票人订票信息文件中的数据读取到链表中。
2.添加机票信息功能
该功能将实现添加航班机票信息，信息包括航班号、出发地、目的地、起飞时间、降落时间、票价、折扣、剩余票数，然后用链表将数据保存起来。
3.查询机票信息功能
该功能将实现通过航班号来查询机票信息的功能
4.修改机票信息功能
该功能将通过航班号调用查找机票信息功能，定位到要修改的航班信息上，然后通过航班信息子菜单确定要修改的某一项航班信息。
5.显示机票信息
该功能将实现把所有航班信息显示出来
7.推荐机票功能
该功能将实现通过输入目的地，和乘客最早出发时间可以获得符合条件的航班信息
8.订票功能
该功能下乘客输入目的地，并且输入订票人的姓名、身份证号码、性别、购票数量、订购航班号以实现用户订票功能
9.退票功能
该功能下乘客可以订购的机票进行退回。
10.显示时间功能
该功能可以显示实时时间
11.保存信息功能
该功能下可以把链表中的信息保存到文件中。

结构体设计

我们将定义两个结构体，分别为机票信息结构体和订票人信息结构体

机票信息结构体

typedef struct AirPlane
{char acFlight[20];//航班号char acOrigin[10]; //出发地char acDest[20];  //目的地char acTakeOffTime[10]; //起飞时间char acReverceTime[10]; //降落时间float fPrice;  //票价char acDisscount[4];  //折扣int iNum;  //剩余票数
}AirPlane, * PAirPlane;
//定义机票信息节点的结构体
typedef struct PlaneNode
{struct AirPlane stDate;struct PlaneNode* pstNext;}PlaneNode, * PPlaneNode;

订票人信息结构体

typedef struct Man
{char acName[20];  //姓名char acID[20];   //身份证号码char acSex[10];   //性别 int  iBookNum;   //购票数量char acBookFilght[10];  //订购航班号
}Man, * PMan;
//订票人信息节点的结构体
typedef struct ManNode
{struct Man stDate;struct ManNode* pstNext;
}ManNode, * PManNode;

主函数的设计

在主函数中，首先将通过初始化函数把文件中的数据读取到链表中，然后可以通过switch选择用户在飞机订票系统中需要执行的操作

//作为数据改动的标志
int iSave = 0;int main()
{struct PlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead;  //机票信息头结点pstPlaneNodeHead.pstNext = NULL;struct ManNode pstManNodeHead;    //购票信息头结点pstManNodeHead.pstNext = NULL;Init(&pstPlaneNodeHead, &pstManNodeHead);  // 将文件的数据加载到内存中int iSel = 0; //用于接收用户对功能的选择char c1;while (1){system("cls");Menu();printf("Input 0-9 operations:");scanf_s("%d", &iSel);getchar();switch (iSel){case 1:printf("进入添加机票页面\n");Insert(&pstPlaneNodeHead); // 添加机票信息break;case 2:Search(&pstPlaneNodeHead);   //查询机票信息break;case 3:Book(&pstPlaneNodeHead, &pstManNodeHead);//订票break;case 4:Modify(&pstPlaneNodeHead);    //修改机票信息break;case 5:Show(&pstPlaneNodeHead);   //显示机票信息  break;case 6:Recommend(&pstPlaneNodeHead);  //推荐机票信息break;case 7:Refund(&pstPlaneNodeHead, &pstManNodeHead);//退票信息break;case 8:NowTime();//显示当前时间break;case 9:SaveMan(&pstManNodeHead);     //数据保存SavePlane(&pstPlaneNodeHead);break;case 0:if (iSave == 1){printf("do you want to save (y/n)");scanf("%c", &c1);getchar();if (c1 == 'y' || c1 == 'Y'){SaveMan(&pstManNodeHead);     //保存订票人的信息SavePlane(&pstPlaneNodeHead);    // 保存机票信息}}Destroy(&pstPlaneNodeHead, &pstManNodeHead);return 0;}printf("\nplease press any key to continue...\n");_getch();}Destroy(&pstPlaneNodeHead, &pstManNodeHead);return 0;
}

各功能代码的实现

前置

写入需要用到的头文件、宏定义以及其中的打印函数等等

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <time.h>#define HEAD1 "*******************************************************************\n"
#define HEAD2 "|Flight|StartCity|DestCity|DepertureTime|Arrival|  price   |number|\n"
#define HEAD3 "|------|---------|--------|-------------|-------|----------|------|\n"
#define FORMET  "%-9s%-9s%-10s%-14s%-10s%-2.2f%6d\n"
#define DATA  pst->stDate.acFlight,pst->stDate.acOrigin,pst->stDate.acDest,pst->stDate.acTakeOffTime,pst->stDate.acReverceTime,pst->stDate.fPrice,pst->stDate.iNum```c
//主菜单
void Menu()
{puts("**********************************************************************");puts("****** Welcome to the airplane tickets booking system");puts("----------------------------------------------------------------------");puts("                    choose the follow operation(0-9)                 *");puts("--------------------------------------------------------------------- ");puts("***********      1 Insert  flights              2 Search  flights     ");puts("**********       3 Book tickets                 4 Modify  fligts  date");puts("**********       5 Show flights                 6 Recommend flights   ");puts("************     7 Refund tickets               8 Show current time   ");puts("***********      9 Save to files                0 quit                ");puts("**********************************************************************");
}
//打印函数
void PrintHead()
{printf(HEAD1);printf(HEAD2);printf(HEAD3);
}void PrintDate(PPlaneNode stLP)
{PPlaneNode pst = stLP;printf(FORMET, DATA);}
//销毁函数  防止内存泄漏
void Destroy(PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead, PManNode pstManNodeHead)
{assert(pstManNodeHead != NULL);assert(pstPlaneNodeHead != NULL);PPlaneNode p = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;PManNode q = pstManNodeHead->pstNext;while (p != NULL){PPlaneNode tmp = p;p = p->pstNext;free(tmp);}while (q != NULL){PManNode tmp = q;q = q->pstNext;free(tmp);}}


#### 初始化```c
int Init(struct PlaneNode* pstPlaneNodeHead, struct ManNode* pstManNodeHead)
{//先加载飞机机票信息FILE* pfPlane; //定义飞机机票信息文件指针struct PlaneNode* pstPlaneNodeTemp, * pstPlaneNodeCur;pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeHead;pstPlaneNodeTemp = NULL;pfPlane = fopen("plane.txt", "ab+");if (pfPlane == NULL){printf("can't  open plane.txt!\n");return -1;}else{//把文件数据读入到链表中while (!feof(pfPlane)) //读到文件最后一个数据{pstPlaneNodeTemp = (struct PlaneNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct PlaneNode));if (fread(pstPlaneNodeTemp, sizeof(struct PlaneNode), 1, pfPlane) !=0){pstPlaneNodeTemp->pstNext = NULL;pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext = pstPlaneNodeTemp;pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeTemp;}}free(pstPlaneNodeTemp);  //此时，释放的是文件读完后最后一次申请的指针fclose(pfPlane);}//加载订票人信息FILE* pfMan;  // 定义订票人信息文件指针struct ManNode* pstManNodeTemp, * pstManNodeCur;pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeHead;pstManNodeTemp = NULL;pfMan = fopen("man.txt", "ab+");if (pfMan == NULL){printf("can't open  man.txt!\n");return -1;}else{while (!feof(pfMan)){pstManNodeTemp = (struct ManNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ManNode));if (fread(pstManNodeTemp, sizeof(struct ManNode), 1, pfMan) == 1){pstManNodeTemp->pstNext = NULL;pstManNodeCur->pstNext = pstManNodeTemp;pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeTemp;}}free(pstManNodeTemp);fclose(pfMan);}return 0;
}

添加机票

void Insert(struct PlaneNode* pstPlaneNodeHead)
{assert(pstPlaneNodeHead != NULL);if (pstPlaneNodeHead == NULL){return;}struct PlaneNode* pstNode, * pstHead, * pstTail, * pstCur, * pstNew;char acFlight[20];  //保存航班号pstHead = pstTail = pstPlaneNodeHead;//让pstTail指向最后一个节点while (pstTail->pstNext != NULL){pstTail = pstTail->pstNext;}while (1){printf("Input the flight number (-1 to end):");scanf_s("%s", acFlight, 20);getchar();if (strcmp(acFlight, "-1") == 0){break;}//航班号唯一pstCur = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;while (pstCur != NULL){if (strcmp(acFlight, pstCur->stDate.acFlight) == 0){printf("this flight %s esists!\n", acFlight);return;}pstCur = pstCur->pstNext;}//如果航班号没有和现有记录航班号重复 ，则重新建一个链表节点pstNew = (struct PlaneNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct PlaneNode));strcpy_s(pstNew->stDate.acFlight, 20, acFlight);printf("Input the Start City:\n");scanf_s("%s", pstNew->stDate.acOrigin, 10);printf("Input the Dest City:\n");scanf_s("%s", pstNew->stDate.acDest, 20);printf("Input the Departure time(Format 00:00):\n");scanf_s("%s", pstNew->stDate.acTakeOffTime, 10);printf("Input the Arrival time(Format 00:00):\n");scanf_s("%s", pstNew->stDate.acReverceTime, 10);printf("Input the Price of ticket:\n ");scanf_s("%f", &pstNew->stDate.fPrice);printf("Input the discount(Fromat(0.0):\n");scanf_s("%s", pstNew->stDate.acDisscount, 4);printf("Input the number of the tickets:\n");scanf_s("%d", &pstNew->stDate.iNum);pstNew->pstNext = NULL;pstTail->pstNext = pstNew;pstTail = pstNew;//如果有新的航班信息，保存标准置为1，若退出需要提示是否保存信息（见主函数）iSave = 1;}
}

查找机票信息

//查询机票信息
void Search(PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead)
{assert(pstPlaneNodeHead != NULL);if (pstPlaneNodeHead == NULL){return;}system("cls");int iSel = 0;int icount = 0;PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;if (pstPlaneNodeCur == NULL){printf("No flight record");return;}printf("Choose one way according to:\n 1.flight  2.Dest:\n");scanf_s("%d", &iSel);if (iSel == 1){char acFlight[20];printf("请输入要查询的航班号:\n");scanf_s("%s", &acFlight, 20);getchar();//打开订票信息文件for (pstPlaneNodeCur; pstPlaneNodeCur != NULL; pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext){if (strcmp(pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acFlight, acFlight) == 0){PrintHead();PrintDate(pstPlaneNodeCur);break; //航班号唯一，查到就退出}}}else if (iSel == 2){char acDest;printf("Input the Dest City:\n");scanf_s("%s", &acDest, 20);PrintHead();for (pstPlaneNodeCur; pstPlaneNodeCur != NULL; pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext){if (strcmp(pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acDest, &acDest) == 0){PrintDate(pstPlaneNodeCur);icount++;  //同一个目的地可能有多个数据}}if (icount == 0)  //遍历完一遍，记录数为0，则没有记录：{printf("Sorry ,no record!\n");}}else{printf("sorry please input right number1-2");}}

修改机票信息

void Mod_menu()
{puts("**********************************************************************");puts("----------------------------------------------------------------------");puts("                    choose the follow operation(0-8)                  ");puts("--------------------------------------------------------------------- ");puts("*******************       1   flights          ********************   ");puts("*******************       2   Origin           ********************   ");puts("*******************       3   Destination      ********************   ");puts("*******************       4   Take off time    ********************   ");puts("*******************       5   Reverce time     ********************   ");puts("*******************       6   Prices           ********************   ");puts("*******************       7   Disscount        ********************   ");puts("*******************       8   ticket number    ********************   ");puts("*******************       0   quits            ********************   ");puts("**********************************************************************");
}
void Modify(PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead)
{assert(pstPlaneNodeHead != NULL);if (pstPlaneNodeHead == NULL){return;}char acFlight[20];PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;if (pstPlaneNodeCur == NULL){printf("No flight to modifty!\n");return;}else{printf("Input the flight number you want to modify:\n");scanf_s("%s", acFlight, 20);for (pstPlaneNodeCur; pstPlaneNodeCur != NULL; pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext){if (strcmp(pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acFlight, acFlight) == 0){break;}}if (pstPlaneNodeCur){//子菜单int isel = 0;system("cls");Mod_menu();printf("please Input 0-8: ");scanf_s("%d", &isel);getchar();switch (isel){case 1:printf("Input new flights!\n");scanf("%s", pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acFlight);break;case 2:printf("Input new Origin!\n");scanf("%s", pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acOrigin);break;case 3:printf("Input new Destination!\n");scanf("%s", pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acDest);break;case 4:printf("Input new Take off time!\n");scanf("%s", pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acTakeOffTime);break;case 5:printf("Input new Reverce time!\n");scanf("%s", pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acReverceTime);break;case 6:printf("Input new Prices!\n");scanf("%f", &pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.fPrice);break;case 7:printf("Input new Disscount!\n");scanf("%s", pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acDisscount);break;case 8:printf("Input new ticket number!\n");scanf("%d", &pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.iNum);break;case 0:printf("quit!\n");break;}printf("End Modifying information!\n");}else{printf("flights number not exist!\n");}}}

显示机票信息

void Show(PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead)
{assert(pstPlaneNodeHead != NULL);PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;PrintHead();if (pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext == NULL){printf("no flight ticket!\n");}else{while (pstPlaneNodeCur != NULL){PrintDate(pstPlaneNodeCur);pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext;}}
}

订票

void Book(PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead, PManNode pstManNodeHead)
{//接收订票人头指针PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeCur, astPlaneNode[10];PManNode pstManNodeCur, astManNodeTemp = NULL;char acDest[20];char acId[20];char acName[20];char acSex[10];char acDecision[2];char  acFlight[20];int iNum = 0;int iRecord = 0;int k = 0;char iFlag = 0;pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeHead;for (pstManNodeCur; pstManNodeCur->pstNext != NULL; pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeCur->pstNext);//将订票人结构体指向尾巴//输入目的地printf("please Input Dest City:\n");scanf_s("%s", &acDest, 20);getchar();//查找目的地 存入结构体数组中pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;for (pstPlaneNodeCur; pstPlaneNodeCur != NULL; pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext){if (strcmp(pstPlaneNodeCur->stDate.acDest, acDest) == 0){astPlaneNode[iRecord] = pstPlaneNodeCur;iRecord++;}}printf("\n there are %d flight you can choose! \n", iRecord);PrintHead();for (k = 0; k < iRecord; k++){PrintDate(astPlaneNode[k]);}if (iRecord == 0){printf("sorry ,No flights you can book ! \n");}else{printf("do you want to book it?(y(Y)/n(N))");scanf_s("%s", acDecision, 2);getchar();if (strcmp(acDecision, "y") == 0 || strcmp(acDecision, "Y") == 0){printf("Input your information ! \n");astManNodeTemp = (PManNode)malloc(sizeof(ManNode));//assertprintf("Input your Name :\n");scanf_s("%s", acName, 20);strcpy(astManNodeTemp->stDate.acName, acName);printf("Input your Id: \n");scanf_s("%s", acId, 20);strcpy(astManNodeTemp->stDate.acID, acId);printf("Input your sex（M/F) : \n");scanf_s("%s", acSex, 10);strcpy(astManNodeTemp->stDate.acSex, acSex);printf("Input your Flights :\n");scanf_s("%s", acFlight, 20);strcpy(astManNodeTemp->stDate.acBookFilght, acFlight);for (k = 0; k < iRecord; k++){if (strcmp(astPlaneNode[k]->stDate.acFlight, acFlight) == 0){if (astPlaneNode[k]->stDate.iNum < 1){printf("No tickets!");return;}printf("return %d tickets!\n", astPlaneNode[k]->stDate.iNum);iFlag = 1;break;}}if (iFlag == 0){printf("error");return;}printf("Input the book number: \n"); //订购几张票scanf_s("%d", &iNum);astPlaneNode[k]->stDate.iNum = astPlaneNode[k]->stDate.iNum - iNum;  //还剩下的票数astManNodeTemp->stDate.iBookNum = iNum;  //订购票数pstManNodeCur->pstNext = astManNodeTemp;  //链接链表astManNodeTemp->pstNext = NULL;pstManNodeCur = astManNodeTemp;   //移动当前链表指针位置printf("Finish Book！\n");}}
}

退票

//退票
void Refund(PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeHead, PManNode pstManNodeHead)
{PManNode pstManNodeCur, pstManNodeFind = NULL;PPlaneNode pstPlaneNodeFind = NULL;char acId[20];char acDecision[2];int iNum = 0; //剩余票数int iBookNum;  ////找到订票人的结构体printf("Input your Id!\n");scanf_s("%s", acId, 20);pstManNodeFind = FindMan(pstManNodeHead, acId);if (pstManNodeFind == NULL){printf("can;t find!\n");}else//退票{printf("this is your tickets:\n");printf("id number:%s\n", pstManNodeFind->stDate.acID);printf("nmae:%s\n", pstManNodeFind->stDate.acName);printf("sex:%s\n", pstManNodeFind->stDate.acSex);printf("book flight:%s\n", pstManNodeFind->stDate.acBookFilght);printf("book number:%d\n", pstManNodeFind->stDate.iBookNum);printf("do you want to cancel it ?(y/n)");scanf_s("%s", acDecision, 2);getchar();if (strcmp(acDecision, "y") == 0){//找到前驱for (pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeHead; pstManNodeCur->pstNext != pstManNodeFind;pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeCur->pstNext);//找到该名订购人的航班记录pstPlaneNodeFind = FindPlane(pstPlaneNodeHead, pstManNodeFind->stDate.acBookFilght);//退票if (pstPlaneNodeFind != NULL){iNum = pstPlaneNodeFind->stDate.iNum;//机票剩余票数iBookNum = pstManNodeFind->stDate.iBookNum;  //订购人订购票数pstPlaneNodeFind->stDate.iNum = iNum + iBookNum;}//删除订票人节点pstManNodeCur->pstNext = pstManNodeFind->pstNext;printf("successful!\n"); //成功退订 iSave = 1;free(pstManNodeFind);}}}

保存信息

//保存机票信息
void SavePlane(struct PlaneNode* pstPlaneNodeHead)
{FILE* pfPlane;  // 机票的文件指针struct PlaneNode* pstPlaneNodeCur;int count = 0; //保存信息个数int iFlag = 1;int error = 0;//pfPlane = fopen("plane.txt", "wb");error = fopen_s(&pfPlane, "plane.txt", "wb");if (error != 0){printf("the file can't be opened!\n");return;}//写入信息pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeHead->pstNext;while (pstPlaneNodeCur != NULL){if (fwrite(pstPlaneNodeCur, sizeof(struct PlaneNode), 1, pfPlane) == 1){pstPlaneNodeCur = pstPlaneNodeCur->pstNext;count++;}else{iFlag = 0;break;}}//提示保存信息数目  ISave置为0if (iFlag){printf("you have save %d flights\n", &count);iSave = 0;}//关闭文件fclose(pfPlane);
}
//保存订票人信息
void SaveMan(struct ManNode* pstManNodeHead)
{assert(pstManNodeHead != NULL);if (pstManNodeHead == NULL){return;}FILE* pfMan;struct ManNode* pstManNodeCur;int count = 0;int iFlag = 1;int error = 0;//pfMan = fopen("man.txt", "wb");error = fopen_s(&pfMan, "man.txt", "wb");if (error != 0){printf("the file can't be opened!\n");}//写入信息pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeHead->pstNext;while (pstManNodeCur != NULL){if (fwrite(pstManNodeCur, sizeof(struct ManNode), 1, pfMan) == 1){pstManNodeCur = pstManNodeCur->pstNext;count++;}else{iFlag = 0;break;}if (iFlag){printf("you have save %d man", count);iSave = 0;}fclose(pfMan);}
}

显示时间

//显示当前时间
void NowTime()
{time_t curtime;curtime = time(NULL);printf("现在的时间是：%s", ctime(&curtime));
}

测试

先进行添加机票功能的测试
将添加机票信息输入完整，然后输入-1返回主菜单
然后对查询机票功能进行测试，输入刚刚添加的航班号，可以看出已经查询到新添加的机票信息
然后对修改机票信息功能进行测试，我们将目的地修改为beijing

然后返回主菜单，测试显示所有机票信息的功能

可以看出已经成功把1005号航班的目的地修改为beijing
对推荐机票功能进行测试
选择你要去的地方和你最早可以到达时间，然后会打印符合条件的机票信息

然后对订票功能进行测试

然后对退票功能进行测试，通过ID可以定位到刚刚订票的信息，然后选择退票