C++入门——实现十字消除游戏

参考

《C和C++游戏趣味编程》童晶

十字消除游戏

用户点击空白方块，沿其上、下、左、右方向寻找一个彩色方块，如果有两个或两个以上颜色一致，就将其消除。在进度条时间结束前消除足够的方块，可以进入下一关

红色方块的表示与绘制

定义Block结构体，利用Block类型的二维数组存储画面中所有小方块的信息。在startup()中将所有方块设置为红色填充、白色线条，在show()中绘制出所有方块：

#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define BlockSize 40           // 小方块的边长
#define RowNum 13              // 画面一共RowNum行
#define ColNum 21              // 画面一共ColNum列struct Block
{int x, y;                  // 在画面中的x, y坐标int i, j;                  // 在二维数组中的i, j下标
};// 全局变量
Block blocks[RowNum][ColNum];void startup()
{int i, j;int width = BlockSize * ColNum;int height = BlockSize * RowNum;initgraph(width, height);setbkcolor(RGB(220, 220, 220));setfillcolor(RGB(255, 0, 0));setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 2);  // 设置线型、线宽cleardevice();              // 以背景颜色清屏BeginBatchDraw();for (i = 0; i < RowNum; i++){for (j = 0; j < ColNum; j++){blocks[i][j].x = j * BlockSize;blocks[i][j].y = i * BlockSize;blocks[i][j].i = i;blocks[i][j].j = j;}}
}void show()
{cleardevice();setlinecolor(RGB(255, 255, 255));int i, j;for (i = 0; i < RowNum; i++){for (j = 0; j < ColNum; j++){fillrectangle(blocks[i][j].x, blocks[i][j].y, blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);}}FlushBatchDraw();
}int main()
{startup();while (1){show();}return 0;
}

随机颜色方块的实现

定义colors数组记录所有可能的颜色，其中第0种为灰白色，其他为彩色：

COLORREF colors[ColorTypeNum + 1];

在startup()中对colors数组进行初始化：

colors[0] = RGB(220, 220, 220);
for (i = 1; i < ColorTypeNum + 1; i++)
{colors[i] = HSVtoRGB((i - 1) * 40, 0.6, 0.8);
}

在结构体Block中添加成员变量colorId：

struct Block
{int x, y;                  // 在画面中的x, y坐标int i, j;                  // 在二维数组中的i, j下标int colorId;               // 对应颜色下标
};

在startup()中对blocks初始化，设置其颜色序号为[0, ColorTypeNum]的随机数：

int t = rand() % (ColorTypeNum + 1);
blocks[i][j].colorId = t;

为了让空白比例更高，可以调整一下：

int t = rand() % (int(ColorTypeNum * 1.5));
if (t < ColorTypeNum + 1)
{blocks[i][j].colorId = t;
}
else
{blocks[i][j].colorId = 0;
}

在show()中绘制对应颜色的小方块：

setfillcolor(colors[blocks[i][j].colorId);
fillrectangle(blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);

鼠标点击与十字消除

添加updateWithInput()函数，根据鼠标点击位置(e.x, e.y)计算点中的小方块在二维数组中的行列号(clicked_i, clicked_j)

void updateWithInput()
{ExMessage e;if (peekmessage(&e)){if (e.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN){int clicked_i = int(e.y) / BlockSize;int clicked_j = int(e.x) / BlockSize;}}
}

先判断被鼠标点击的方块是否为空白方块，如果不是则直接返回：

if (blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j].colorId != 0)
{return;
}

定义数组fourBlocks[4]存储上下左右4个方向找到的第一个不是空白的方块：

Block fourBlocks[4] = { blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j] };  // 初始化为点击的方块

首先向上寻找，找到第一个不是空白的方块，存储到fourBlocks[4]中：

int search;
for (search = 0; clicked_i - search >= 0; search++)      // 向上搜索
{if (blocks[clicked_i - search][clicked_j].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[0] = blocks[clicked_i - search][clicked_j];break;}
}

同理，向下、左、右分别找到第一个不是空白的方块：

for (search = 0; clicked_i + search < RowNum; search++)  // 向下搜索
{if (blocks[clicked_i + search][clicked_j].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[1] = blocks[clicked_i + search][clicked_j];break;}
}for (search = 0; clicked_j - search >= 0; search++)      // 向左搜索
{if (blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j - search].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[2] = blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j - search];break;}
}for (search = 0; clicked_j + search < ColNum; search++)
{if (blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j + search].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[3] = blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j + search];break;}
}

进一步，遍历fourBlocks，统计对应颜色方块的个数。如果某种颜色的方块个数colorStatistics[i] >= 2，则将对应方块的颜色序号设为0：

int colorStatistics[ColorTypeNum + 1] = { 0 };
for (i = 1; i <= ColorTypeNum; i++)
{for (j = 0; j < 4; j++){if (fourBlocks[j].colorId == i){colorStatistics[i]++;}}if (colorStatistics[i] >= 2){for (j = 0; j < 4; j++){if (fourBlocks[j].colorId == i){blocks[fourBlocks[j].i][fourBlocks[j].j].colorId = 0;}}}
}

方块提示框的绘制

首先定义绘制提示框的函数：

void drawBlockHint(int i, int j, COLORREF color, int isfill)
{setlinecolor(color);setfillcolor(color);if (isfill == 1)           // 画填充方块{fillrectangle(blocks[i][j].x, blocks[i][j].y, blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);}if (isfill == 0)           // 画非填充的方块线框{rectangle(blocks[i][j].x, blocks[i][j].y, blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);}
}

在updateWithInput()中，如果点击的是空白方块，则执行：

show();                                                  // 先绘制其他方块
drawBlockHint(clicked_i, clicked_j, RGB(100, 100, 100), 1); // 对被点击的空白方块，绘制填充灰色的空白方块

如果十字区域有要消除的彩色方块，则执行：

if (fourBlocks[j].colorId == i)
{drawBlockHint(fourBlocks[j].i, fourBlocks[j].j, RGB(0, 0, 0), 0);  // 要消除的方块绘制提示框blocks[fourBlocks[j].i][fourBlocks[j].j].colorId = 0;
}

倒计时与进度条

添加全局变量：

float maxTime;                 // 游戏允许的总时长
float remainTime;              // 游戏剩余时长在startup()中，加大窗口高度用于显示倒计时进度条：int height = BlockSize * (RowNum + 2);

在updateWithoutInput()中，定义静态变量start，每次运行时获得当前时刻now，计算程序已运行的时间duration，求出游戏剩余时间：

void updateWithoutInput()
{static clock_t start = clock();                               // 记录第一次运行时刻clock_t now = clock();                                        // 获取当前时刻double duration = double(now - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;       // 程序运行时间remainTime = maxTime - duration;
}

在show()中绘制倒计时进度条：

setlinecolor(RGB(255, 0, 0));                                 // 设置进度条颜色
setfillcolor(RGB(255, 0, 0));
fillrectangle(0, BlockSize * (RowNum + 0.2), remainTime * BlockSize * ColNum / maxTime, BlockSize * (RowNum + 0.8)); // 绘制进度条

得分计算与胜负判断

定义score记录玩家消去的方块个数，noZeroBlockNum记录游戏开始时彩色砖块的总数，设定当score >= 0.9 * noZeroBlockNum时游戏胜利：

int score;
int noZeroBlockNum;            // 彩色方块个数

在startup()中统计彩色砖块的总数：

if (blocks[i][j].colorId != 0)
{noZeroBlockNum++;
}

在updateWithInput()中，更新十字区域消除的方块个数：

score += colorStatistics[i];

在show()中，显示当前得分score：

TCHAR s[80];                                                  // 定义字符数组
setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
settextcolor(RGB(0, 0, 0));
settextstyle(25, 0, _T("宋体"));
swprintf_s(s, _T("当前%d分，达到%d分游戏胜利"), level, score, int(0.9 * noZeroBlockNum));
outtextxy(BlockSize * (ColNum / 4.5), BlockSize * (RowNum + 1.1), s);

多关卡与增加游戏难度

在startup()中，随着level的增加，当前关的游戏总时长越来越短：

maxTime = 200 - level * 10;

在show()中，显示当前为第几关、已得分数、得到多少分可以进入下一关：

swprintf_s(s, _T("当前第%d关，已得%d分，达到%d分进入下一关"), level, score, int(0.9 * noZeroBlockNum));

在updateWithoutInput()中，如果得分达到要求，则将level加1，重新计时；否则重新开始：

if (score >= int(0.9 * noZeroBlockNum))
{level++;                                                  // 进入下一关start = clock();                                          // 重新开始计时startup();
}
else if (remainTime <= 0)
{start = clock();startup();
}

完整代码

#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define BlockSize 40           // 小方块的边长
#define RowNum 13              // 画面一共RowNum行
#define ColNum 21              // 画面一共ColNum列
#define ColorTypeNum 9         // 方块彩色颜色的个数struct Block
{int x, y;                  // 在画面中的x, y坐标int i, j;                  // 在二维数组中的i, j下标int colorId;               // 对应颜色下标
};// 全局变量
Block blocks[RowNum][ColNum];
COLORREF colors[ColorTypeNum + 1];
float maxTime;                 // 游戏允许的总时长
float remainTime;              // 游戏剩余时长
float punishTime;              // 点错扣除的时间
int score;
int noZeroBlockNum;            // 彩色方块个数
int level = 1;                 // 当前关卡序号void drawBlockHint(int i, int j, COLORREF color, int isfill)
{setlinecolor(color);setfillcolor(color);if (isfill == 1)           // 画填充方块{fillrectangle(blocks[i][j].x, blocks[i][j].y, blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);}if (isfill == 0)           // 画非填充的方块线框{rectangle(blocks[i][j].x, blocks[i][j].y, blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);}
}void startup()
{int i, j;int width = BlockSize * ColNum;int height = BlockSize * (RowNum + 2);initgraph(width, height);setbkcolor(RGB(220, 220, 220));setfillcolor(RGB(255, 0, 0));setlinestyle(PS_SOLID, 2);  // 设置线型、线宽cleardevice();              // 以背景颜色清屏BeginBatchDraw();srand(time(0));maxTime = 300 - level * 10;remainTime = maxTime;punishTime = 0;colors[0] = RGB(220, 220, 220);for (i = 1; i < ColorTypeNum + 1; i++){colors[i] = HSVtoRGB((i - 1) * 40, 0.6, 0.8);}noZeroBlockNum = 0;for (i = 0; i < RowNum; i++){for (j = 0; j < ColNum; j++){int t = rand() % (int(ColorTypeNum * 1.5));if (t < ColorTypeNum + 1){blocks[i][j].colorId = t;}else{blocks[i][j].colorId = 0;}blocks[i][j].x = j * BlockSize;blocks[i][j].y = i * BlockSize;blocks[i][j].i = i;blocks[i][j].j = j;if (blocks[i][j].colorId != 0){noZeroBlockNum++;}}}score = 0;
}void show()
{cleardevice();setlinecolor(RGB(255, 255, 255));int i, j;for (i = 0; i < RowNum; i++){for (j = 0; j < ColNum; j++){setfillcolor(colors[blocks[i][j].colorId]);fillrectangle(blocks[i][j].x, blocks[i][j].y, blocks[i][j].x + BlockSize, blocks[i][j].y + BlockSize);}}setlinecolor(RGB(255, 0, 0));                                 // 设置进度条颜色setfillcolor(RGB(255, 0, 0));fillrectangle(0, BlockSize * (RowNum + 0.2), remainTime * BlockSize * ColNum / maxTime, BlockSize * (RowNum + 0.8)); // 绘制进度条TCHAR s[80];                                                  // 定义字符数组setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);settextcolor(RGB(0, 0, 0));settextstyle(25, 0, _T("宋体"));swprintf_s(s, _T("当前第%d关，已得%d分，达到%d分进入下一关"), level, score, int(0.9 * noZeroBlockNum));outtextxy(BlockSize * (ColNum / 4.5), BlockSize * (RowNum + 1.1), s);FlushBatchDraw();
}void updateWithoutInput()
{static clock_t start = clock();                               // 记录第一次运行时刻clock_t now = clock();                                        // 获取当前时刻double duration = double(now - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;       // 程序运行时间remainTime = maxTime - duration - punishTime;if (score >= int(0.9 * noZeroBlockNum)){level++;                                                  // 进入下一关start = clock();                                          // 重新开始计时startup();}else if (remainTime <= 0){start = clock();startup();}
}void updateWithInput()
{if (remainTime <= 0){return;}int i, j;ExMessage e;if (peekmessage(&e)){if (e.message == WM_LBUTTONDOWN){int clicked_i = int(e.y) / BlockSize;int clicked_j = int(e.x) / BlockSize;if (blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j].colorId != 0){return;}show();                                                  // 先绘制其他方块drawBlockHint(clicked_i, clicked_j, RGB(100, 100, 100), 1); // 对被点击的空白方块，绘制填充灰色的空白方块Block fourBlocks[4] = { blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j] };  // 初始化为点击的方块int search;for (search = 0; clicked_i - search >= 0; search++)      // 向上搜索{if (blocks[clicked_i - search][clicked_j].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[0] = blocks[clicked_i - search][clicked_j];break;}}for (search = 0; clicked_i + search < RowNum; search++)  // 向下搜索{if (blocks[clicked_i + search][clicked_j].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[1] = blocks[clicked_i + search][clicked_j];break;}}for (search = 0; clicked_j - search >= 0; search++)      // 向左搜索 {if (blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j - search].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[2] = blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j - search];break;}}for (search = 0; clicked_j + search < ColNum; search++)  // 向右搜索{if (blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j + search].colorId != 0){fourBlocks[3] = blocks[clicked_i][clicked_j + search];break;}}int colorStatistics[ColorTypeNum + 1] = { 0 };int isBadClick = 1;for (i = 1; i <= ColorTypeNum; i++){for (j = 0; j < 4; j++){if (fourBlocks[j].colorId == i){colorStatistics[i]++;}}if (colorStatistics[i] >= 2){isBadClick = 0;for (j = 0; j < 4; j++){if (fourBlocks[j].colorId == i){drawBlockHint(fourBlocks[j].i, fourBlocks[j].j, RGB(0, 0, 0), 0);blocks[fourBlocks[j].i][fourBlocks[j].j].colorId = 0;}}score += colorStatistics[i];}}if (isBadClick == 1)     // 如果错误点击{punishTime += 10;}FlushBatchDraw();Sleep(300);}}
}int main()
{startup();while (1){show();updateWithoutInput();updateWithInput();}return 0;
}