redhat7安装yum

yum 简单介绍一下

yum 主要功能是更方便的添加/删除/更新RPM 包，自动解决包的倚赖性问题，便于管理大量系统的更新问题。

yum 可以同时配置多个资源库(Repository)，简洁的配置文件（/etc/yum.conf），自动解决增加或删除rpm 包时遇到的依赖性问题，保持与RPM 数据库的一致性。

首先：备份系统自带的yum源

列如：在我的电脑上ReadHat 自带的yum目录: etc/yum.repos.d # rhel-source.repo

备份命令: mv rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.save #这样就备份成了rhel-source.repo.save

1、删除redhat原有的yum源

# rpm -aq | grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

2、下载新的yum安装包

我使用CentOS的yum源

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch.rpm

3、安装yum软件包

rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-118.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch.rpm

最后两个包一起装，不然会报错，他们之间存在依赖关系.

4、更改yum源 #我们使用网易的CentOS镜像源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo
把文件里面的$releasever全部替换为版本号，即6 最后保存

5、清理yum缓存

# yum clean all #
yum makecache #将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地,以提高搜索安装软件的速度 #
yum install vim* #测试域名是否可用

现在 : Redhat6可以使用CentOS的yum源在线安装软件了！

二，

查看所有yum包
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum

删除原有yum包
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

共需要五个包：下载位置：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
yum-plugin-fastestmirror
yum-updateonboot
yum-utils
yum-metadata-parser
yum-3.4.3-150.el7

下载需要的包
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

安装软件包
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-*

# 报错, 依赖包的版本不符：
rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 is needed by yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch
解决方法: 将所依赖的python-urlgrabber和rpm包升级
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm
# 安装：
rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps

重新安装软件包
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-*
或者
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm

更新yum源
rm /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# 内容:
#CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

清除yum缓存
[root@bogon ~]# yum clean all

生成缓存
[root@bogon ~]# yum makecache

更新成功，可以安装软件了
[root@bogon ~]# yum install -y vim

Centos的yum源更换为国内的阿里云源

1、备份

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存

稍后整理