摘要

双缸四柱液压机应用广泛，是在加工工艺过程中极为常用的一种机械设备。该液压机的组成部分包括主机和一个控制机构，其中主机部分包括机架、主缸、顶出缸和它的充液装置等。控制机构则包括动力系统和液压控制系统。其中动力系统机构是由油箱高压泵和低压控制系统以及这个电动机和不同的压力阀或者是方向阀来组成的。而液压控制系统是液压机工作运转的重要部分，它直接关系到液压机的性能。液压系统主要由动力元件、执行元件、控制元件和辅助元件四个部分组成。双缸四柱液压机在工作的过程中各个部分所起的作用也是各不相同。液压机的主机的作用是提供主要结构；动力系统是提供动力；而液压控制系统由动力系统驱动，通过控制液压的方向和压力，实现液压机的工作过程。液压传动容易实现自动化操作，采用电液联合控制后，可以实现更高程度的自动控制以及远程遥控。由于液压传动的工作介质是流体矿物油，有较大的沿程和局部阻力损失。当系统的工作压力比较高时，还会产生比较大的泄漏，泄漏的矿物油将直接对环境造成污染，有时候还容易引起安全事故。油液受温度的影响很大，因此液压油不能在很高或很低的温度条件下工作。由于液压油的可压缩性和泄漏，液压传动不能保证恒定的传动比和很高的传动精度，这是液压传动的最大不足之处。此外，液压传动的故障排除不如机械传动、电气传动那样容易，因而对使用和 维护人员有较高的技术水平要求。虽然液压传动存在这些缺陷，但总体上优点还是盖过了缺点，因而应用还是很广泛。

双缸四柱液压机是一类结构紧凑、动作轻快、耗能低下、操作易行的液压机，受到广泛的关注。在本次设计中通过查阅大量的文献资料和动态性能仿真软件，利用液压机的结构特点和PLC控制系统，通过泵，油缸及各种液压阀实现能量的转换，调节和运输来完成各种工艺动作，从而进一步设计出液压机的液压系统和PLC的系统设计。该液压机的主要技术指标：公称力6300KN,顶出力1000KN，滑块行程900mm,顶出行程350mm，滑块工作速度6-10mm/s,主要设计内容如下：

（1）对液压系统进行设计。主要包括系统的工作压力、液压缸的结构尺寸、液压元件的选择、系统的制定方案、液压的工作原理图。

（2）对PLC系统进行设计。主要包括PLC输入输出接线图、PLC输入输出地址分配表、PLC程序编制、PLC控制系统梯形图设计与调试。

关键词: 双缸四柱液压机； 液压系统； 可编程控制器（PLC）

Abstract

Widely used parallel bars four-column hydraulic press, are very commonly used in the process of machining process of a kind of mechanical equipment.Part of the hydraulic press, including host and a control mechanism, in which the host part includes frame, main cylinder and cylinder of pack out and the charging device, etc.Control mechanism includes power system and hydraulic control system.Including power system organization is made up of tank of high pressure pump and low voltage control system and direction of the motor and the different pressure valve or valve to form.And hydraulic control system is an important part of hydraulic press work operation, it is directly related to the performance of the hydraulic press.Hydraulic system is mainly composed of power devices, actuators, control components and auxiliary components of four parts.Parallel bars four-column hydraulic press in the process of work the role of each part is also each are not identical.Hydraulic press for the host's role is to provide the main structure;Power system is to provide the power;And hydraulic control system driven by power system, by controlling the direction of the hydraulic pressure and pressure. Hydraulic transmission is easy to realize automation using electrohydraulic combined control, can achieve a higher degree of automatic control and remote control.Due to the working medium of hydraulic drive is a fluid mineral oil, the path and the local resistance loss has bigger.When the system pressure is higher, but also will produce larger leakage, leakage of mineral oil will direct damage to the environment, sometimes easy to cause accidents.Oil is affected by temperature is very large, so the hydraulic oil cannot work under high or low temperature conditions.In addition, the hydraulic transmission of troubleshooting not as easy as mechanical drive and electrical drive, and thus to use and maintenance personnel have a higher level of technical requirements.Although the hydraulic drive these drawbacks, but overall benefits still outweigh the disadvantages, and application is very extensive.The parallel bars four-column hydraulic press is a kind of compact structure, action fast hydraulic press, low energy consumption, easy operation, widely attention.In this design by looking at a large number of literature data and dynamic performance simulation software, using the structure characteristics of the hydraulic press and PLC control system, through the pump, oil cylinder and various hydraulic valve to achieve energy conversion, control and transport to complete a variety of process action, thus further design of hydraulic press hydraulic system and PLC system design.The main technical indexes of the hydraulic press: nominal power 6300 kn, top 1000 kn, the output of the slider stroke 900 mm, ejection stroke 350 mm, the slider working speed 6-10 mm/s, the main design content is as follows:

（1）TO carry on the design of hydraulic system.Mainly includes the structure of the system working pressure, the hydraulic cylinder size, selection of hydraulic components, constituting the system scheme, the working principle of hydraulic drawing.
    （2）TO PLC system design.Mainly includes the PLC input and output wiring diagram and PLC I/o address allocation table, PLC programming, trapezoidal diagram of PLC control system design and debugging.

Key words: The parallel bars four-column hydraulic press; The                    hydraulicsystem; The programmable controller(PLC)