python快速实现2048小游戏

《2048》是一款比较流行的数字游戏，最早于2014年3月20日发行。原版2048首先在GitHub上发布，原作者是Gabriele Cirulli，后被移植到各个平台。这款游戏是基于《1024》和《小3传奇》的玩法开发而成的新型数字游戏。

操作指南：

每次可以选择上下左右其中一个方向去滑动，每滑动一次，所有的数字方块都会往滑动的方向靠拢外，系统也会在空白的地方乱数出现一个数字方块，相同数字的方块在靠拢、相撞时会相加。不断的叠加最终拼凑出2048这个数字就算成功。

游戏技巧：

最大数尽可能放在角落。
数字按顺序紧邻排列。
首先满足最大数和次大数在的那一列/行是满的。
时刻注意活动较大数（32以上）旁边要有相近的数。
以大数所在的一行为主要移动方向
不要急于“清理桌面”。

完整代码如下：

logic.py

import random
import constants as cdef new_game(n):matrix = []for i in range(n):matrix.append([0] * n)matrix = add_two(matrix)matrix = add_two(matrix)return matrixdef add_two(mat):a = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)b = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)while mat[a][b] != 0:a = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)b = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)mat[a][b] = 2return matdef game_state(mat):# check for win cellfor i in range(len(mat)):for j in range(len(mat[0])):if mat[i][j] == 2048:return 'win'# check for any zero entriesfor i in range(len(mat)):for j in range(len(mat[0])):if mat[i][j] == 0:return 'not over'# check for same cells that touch each otherfor i in range(len(mat)-1):# intentionally reduced to check the row on the right and below# more elegant to use exceptions but most likely this will be their solutionfor j in range(len(mat[0])-1):if mat[i][j] == mat[i+1][j] or mat[i][j+1] == mat[i][j]:return 'not over'for k in range(len(mat)-1):  # to check the left/right entries on the last rowif mat[len(mat)-1][k] == mat[len(mat)-1][k+1]:return 'not over'for j in range(len(mat)-1):  # check up/down entries on last columnif mat[j][len(mat)-1] == mat[j+1][len(mat)-1]:return 'not over'return 'lose'def reverse(mat):new = []for i in range(len(mat)):new.append([])for j in range(len(mat[0])):new[i].append(mat[i][len(mat[0])-j-1])return newdef transpose(mat):new = []for i in range(len(mat[0])):new.append([])for j in range(len(mat)):new[i].append(mat[j][i])return newdef cover_up(mat):new = []for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):partial_new = []for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):partial_new.append(0)new.append(partial_new)done = Falsefor i in range(c.GRID_LEN):count = 0for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):if mat[i][j] != 0:new[i][count] = mat[i][j]if j != count:done = Truecount += 1return new, donedef merge(mat, done):for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):for j in range(c.GRID_LEN-1):if mat[i][j] == mat[i][j+1] and mat[i][j] != 0:mat[i][j] *= 2mat[i][j+1] = 0done = Truereturn mat, donedef up(game):print("up")# return matrix after shifting upgame = transpose(game)game, done = cover_up(game)game, done = merge(game, done)game = cover_up(game)[0]game = transpose(game)return game, donedef down(game):print("down")# return matrix after shifting downgame = reverse(transpose(game))game, done = cover_up(game)game, done = merge(game, done)game = cover_up(game)[0]game = transpose(reverse(game))return game, donedef left(game):print("left")# return matrix after shifting leftgame, done = cover_up(game)game, done = merge(game, done)game = cover_up(game)[0]return game, donedef right(game):print("right")# return matrix after shifting rightgame = reverse(game)game, done = cover_up(game)game, done = merge(game, done)game = cover_up(game)[0]game = reverse(game)return game, done

constants.py

SIZE = 400
GRID_LEN = 4
GRID_PADDING = 10BACKGROUND_COLOR_GAME = "#92877d"
BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY = "#9e948a"BACKGROUND_COLOR_DICT = {
2:      "#eee4da",
4:      "#ede0c8",
8:      "#f2b179",
16:     "#f59563",
32:     "#f67c5f",
64:     "#f65e3b",
128:    "#edcf72",
256:    "#edcc61",
512:    "#edc850",
1024:   "#edc53f",
2048:   "#edc22e",
4096:   "#eee4da",
8192:   "#edc22e",
16384:  "#f2b179",
32768:  "#f59563",
65536:  "#f67c5f",
}CELL_COLOR_DICT = {
2:      "#776e65",
4:      "#776e65",
8:      "#f9f6f2",
16:     "#f9f6f2",
32:     "#f9f6f2",
64:     "#f9f6f2",
128:    "#f9f6f2",
256:    "#f9f6f2",
512:    "#f9f6f2",
1024:   "#f9f6f2",
2048:   "#f9f6f2",
4096:   "#776e65",
8192:   "#f9f6f2",
16384:  "#776e65",
32768:  "#776e65",
65536:  "#f9f6f2",
}FONT = ("Verdana",40,"bold")KEY_QUIT = "Escape"
KEY_BACK = "b"KEY_UP = "Up"
KEY_DOWN = "Down"
KEY_LEFT = "Left"
KEY_RIGHT = "Right"KEY_UP_ALT1 = "w"
KEY_DOWN_ALT1 = "s"
KEY_LEFT_ALT1 = "a"
KEY_RIGHT_ALT1 = "d"KEY_UP_ALT2 = "i"
KEY_DOWN_ALT2 = "k"
KEY_LEFT_ALT2 = "j"
KEY_RIGHT_ALT2 = "l"

run.py

from tkinter import Frame, Label, CENTER
import random
import logic
import constants as cdef gen():return random.randint(0, c.GRID_LEN - 1)class GameGrid(Frame):def __init__(self):Frame.__init__(self)self.grid()self.master.title('2048')self.master.bind("<Key>", self.key_down)self.commands = {c.KEY_UP: logic.up,c.KEY_DOWN: logic.down,c.KEY_LEFT: logic.left,c.KEY_RIGHT: logic.right,c.KEY_UP_ALT1: logic.up,c.KEY_DOWN_ALT1: logic.down,c.KEY_LEFT_ALT1: logic.left,c.KEY_RIGHT_ALT1: logic.right,c.KEY_UP_ALT2: logic.up,c.KEY_DOWN_ALT2: logic.down,c.KEY_LEFT_ALT2: logic.left,c.KEY_RIGHT_ALT2: logic.right,}self.grid_cells = []self.init_grid()self.matrix = logic.new_game(c.GRID_LEN)self.history_matrixs = []self.update_grid_cells()self.mainloop()def init_grid(self):background = Frame(self, bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_GAME,width=c.SIZE, height=c.SIZE)background.grid()for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):grid_row = []for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):cell = Frame(background,bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY,width=c.SIZE / c.GRID_LEN,height=c.SIZE / c.GRID_LEN)cell.grid(row=i,column=j,padx=c.GRID_PADDING,pady=c.GRID_PADDING)t = Label(master=cell,text="",bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY,justify=CENTER,font=c.FONT,width=5,height=2)t.grid()grid_row.append(t)self.grid_cells.append(grid_row)def update_grid_cells(self):for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):new_number = self.matrix[i][j]if new_number == 0:self.grid_cells[i][j].configure(text="",bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)else:self.grid_cells[i][j].configure(text=str(new_number),bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_DICT[new_number],fg=c.CELL_COLOR_DICT[new_number])self.update_idletasks()def key_down(self, event):key = event.keysymprint(event)if key == c.KEY_QUIT: exit()if key == c.KEY_BACK and len(self.history_matrixs) > 1:self.matrix = self.history_matrixs.pop()self.update_grid_cells()print('back on step total step:', len(self.history_matrixs))elif key in self.commands:self.matrix, done = self.commands[key](self.matrix)if done:self.matrix = logic.add_two(self.matrix)# record last moveself.history_matrixs.append(self.matrix)self.update_grid_cells()if logic.game_state(self.matrix) == 'win':self.grid_cells[1][1].configure(text="You", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)self.grid_cells[1][2].configure(text="Win!", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)if logic.game_state(self.matrix) == 'lose':self.grid_cells[1][1].configure(text="You", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)self.grid_cells[1][2].configure(text="Lose!", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)def generate_next(self):index = (gen(), gen())while self.matrix[index[0]][index[1]] != 0:index = (gen(), gen())self.matrix[index[0]][index[1]] = 2game_grid = GameGrid()

操作方式：

方向键:上下左右

26键中的:WSAD

26键中的:IKJL

ESC键退出游戏，b键返回上一步

为增加游戏可玩性，此游戏最大叠加数为65536

运行结果如下所示：

运行run.py即可开始游戏

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