Django 图书-英雄

环境创建

创建虚拟环境：
conda create -n django python==3.6
进入环境：
source activate django
安装Django：
pip install Django ==1.10
创建Django工程：

数据库迁移（文件数据库)：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
运行Django项目：(默认端口是8000)
python manage.py runserver
若修改端口直接在其后加端口即可
python manage.py runserver 9000

环境优化（语言及时区）：
在settings.py里边修改：
LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans’
TIME_ZONE = ‘Asia/Shanghai’

创建一给超级用户：
python manage.py createsuperuser
进入后台管理系统：

创建第一个app：book

创建app：
python manage.py startapp book

创建数据库表:
models.py

from django.db import models# Create your models here.
#  关联关系:   书籍：人物====> 1:n
# 书籍
class BookInfo(models.Model):# id如果没有指定， 默认会添加id并作为主键(primary_key(pk))btitle = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True, verbose_name="图书名称") # 图书名称， 并限定最大长度为50；bpub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期")# 添加书籍的详解bcontent = models.TextField(default="书籍摘要")# 添加图片, 并指定上传图片存放位置；   # hello.jpg   ====  static/uploads/hello.jpgbimg = models.ImageField(default=None, upload_to='static/uploads/')class Meta:# 后台的单数显示verbose_name = "图书信息"# 后台的复数显示， 如果不指定， 在单数后面默认加s;verbose_name_plural =  "图书信息"def __str__(self):return  "%s" %(self.btitle)# 书籍中的英雄人物
class HeroInfo(models.Model):hname = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name="人物名称")hgender = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="性别")hcontent = models.TextField(verbose_name="人物介绍")  # 人物介绍# 多的一端写外键hbook = models.ForeignKey(BookInfo, verbose_name="所属书籍")@propertydef gender(self):if self.hgender:return  "男"else:return  "女"class Meta:verbose_name = "人物信息"verbose_name_plural  = "人物信息"def __str__(self):return  "%s" %(self.hname)

激活模型：
settings.py文件：

INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','book'
]

数据库迁移到本机的mysql数据库中：
settings.py：

DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',# 数据库名称;'NAME': 'DjangoProject','USER': 'cooffee','PASSWORD': 'cooffee','HOST': 'localhost','PORT': '3306',}
}

在主项目的__init__.py文件中：
因为该版本的Django识别的是MySQLdb，而我门用的是python3，所以要把pymsql伪装为MySQLdb

import  pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

进行数据库迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

mysql数据库信息检测：

若没有使用本机mysql数据库，那么根据原来settings.py内容：

 DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3','NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),}}

可知道数据迁移到文件数据库db.sqlite3中。
进行数据检测：
进入python shell
python manage.py shell

可对数据进行增删改查：
表明数据库迁移到db.sqlite3成功

新建图书信息：

查询及输出图书信息：

修改图书信息：

b.btitle=u"天龙八部"
b.save()

删除图书信息:

b.delete()

关联对象的操作:
添加关联对象:

获得关联集合:

添加关联对象的另一个操作：

后台管理：

在book/admin.py:

from django.contrib import admin# Register your models here.
from book.models import BookInfo, HeroInfo#关联注册
# 在书籍添加表单中增加行内表单(添加人物)
class HeroInline(admin.TabularInline):model = HeroInfoextra = 3class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):#显示字段list_display = ['btitle', 'bpub_date']inlines =  [HeroInline]class HeroInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):# 显示字段list_display = ['hname', 'hcontent', 'hbook', 'gender']#过滤字段,过滤框会出现在右侧list_filter =  ['hname']#搜索字段,搜索框会出现在上侧search_fields = ['hname', 'hcontent']#分页，分页框会出现在下侧list_per_page = 2#注册模型
admin.site.register(BookInfo, BookInfoAdmin)
admin.site.register(HeroInfo, HeroInfoAdmin)

URL设置

djangoproject/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),#r后的为正则表达式，匹配到之后去找book.urls的内容url(r'^$', include('book.urls')),url(r'book/', include('book.urls')),
]

book/urls.py:

from django.conf.urls import url
from book import views
#命名空间
app_name = 'book'
urlpatterns = [url(r'^$', views.index),url(r'^(?P<id>\d+)/$', views.detail)
]

视图函数

bool/views.py:

from django.shortcuts import render# Create your views here.
from book.models import BookInfo# 在flask里面， 默认请求是request
# Django里面的请求对象必须作为参数接收
def index(request):books = BookInfo.objects.all()return render(request,'blog/index.html',context={'books':books})def detail(request,id):# 1). 查询指定id对应的书籍对象book = BookInfo.objects.get(id=id)# 2). 根据数据关联关系， 获取该书籍中包含的所有人物信息heros = book.heroinfo_set.all()return render(request,'blog/detail.html',context={'book':book,'heros':heros})

html:

在settings.py中设置:

为了找到static的设置，static存css，js等样式。当前项目的static文件夹

为了找到html存放的位置，设置为os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates’)当前项目的templates文件夹

各个html的内容：

base.html:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html><head><title>{% block title %} {% endblock %}</title><link href="/static/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"  media="all" /></head><body><!---start-wrap---><div class="wrap"><!---start-header---><div class="header"><!---start-logo---><div class="logo"><a href="index.html"><img src="/static/images/logo.png" title="logo" /></a></div><!---End-logo---><!---start-head-social-icons---><div class="top-social-icons"><div class="social-icons"><ul><li><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/facebook1.png" title="facebook" /></a></li><li><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/twitter1.png" title="Twitter" /></a></li><li><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/youtube1.png" title="Youtube" /></a></li></ul></div><div class="clear"> </div></div><div class="clear"> </div><!---End-head-social-icons---><!---start-top-nav----><div class="top-nav"><ul><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="elements.html">About us</a></li>
{#                      <li><a href="elements.html">Our Purpose & Objective</a></li>#}
{#                      <li><a href="elements.html">Membership</a></li>#}<li><a href="elements.html">Asian & Wellness Forum</a></li><li><a href="search.html">Search</a></li><li><a href="contact.html">Contact</a></li><div class="clear"> </div></ul></div><!---End-top-nav---->{% block content %}{% endblock %}<!---End-Content----><!---start-sidebar----><div class="side-bar"><div class="sidebar-top-add"><h3>Sponsersed by</h3><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/add2.png" title="add"/></a></div><div class="presedent-img"><div class="Latest-news-title side-bar-sub-heading"><h3>Form the desk of President</h3><h5> </h5><div class="clear"> </div></div><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/prasedent.png" title="name" /></a></div><div class="sponsers-list"><h3>Sponsersed by</h3><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/spons1.png" title="sponser-name" /></a><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/spons1.png" title="sponser-name" /></a></div></div><div class="clear"> </div><!---End-sidebar----></div><!---End-main----></div><!---start-footer----><div class="footer"><div class="footer-nav-grid"><ul><li><a href="#">Home</a></li><li><a href="#">About us</a></li><li><a href="#">Our Purpose & Objective</a></li><li><a href="#">Membership</a></li><li><a href="#">Asian & Wellness Forum</a></li><li><a href="#">Courses</a></li><li><a href="#">Contact</a></li><div class="clear"> </div></ul></div><div class="footer-social-icons"><ul><li><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/facebook.png" title="facebook" /></a></li><li><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/twitter.png" title="twitter" /></a></li><li><a href="#"><img src="/static/images/youtube.png" title="Youtube" /></a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-form"><h3>Quick Contact</h3><form><div class="footer-text-boxs"><input type="text" class="textbox" value="Name:" onfocus="this.value = '';" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Name';}"><input type="text" class="textbox" value="Email:" onfocus="this.value = '';" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Email';}"><input type="text" class="textbox" value="mobile:" onfocus="this.value = '';" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'mobile';}"><input type="text" class="textbox" value="Website:" onfocus="this.value = '';" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Website';}"></div><div class="footer-text-area"><textarea value="Message:" onfocus="this.value = '';" onblur="if (this.value == '') {this.value = 'Message';}">Message</textarea></div><input type="submit" value="Call Me"></form></div><div class="clear"> </div></div><!---End-footer----><!---End-wrap--->
</body>
</html>

blog/index.html:

% extends 'base.html' %}{% block title %} 首页{% endblock %}{% block content %}<!---start-main----><div class="main"><!---start-Content----><div class="content"><div class="image-slider"><h3>Featured</h3><div class="container"><div id="slides"><img src="/static/images/slider1.jpg" alt=""><img src="/static/images/slider2.jpg" alt=""><img src="/static/images/slider3.jpg" alt=""><img src="/static/images/slider4.jpg" alt=""><a href="#" class="slidesjs-next slidesjs-navigation"><iclass="icon-chevron-right icon-large"></i></a></div></div><script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script><script src="/static/js/jquery.slides.min.js"></script><script>$(function () {$('#slides').slidesjs({width: 940,height: 285,navigation: false});});</script></div><div class="clear"></div><div class="Latest-news"><div class="Latest-news-title"><h3>Latest Happening @ mawspa</h3><h5></h5><div class="clear"></div></div>{% for book in books %}<div class="blog-articals"><div class="artical"><div class="artical-heading"><a href="/book/{{ book.id }}/"><h3>{{ book.btitle }}</h3></a><h4><span>Post On</span> {{ book.bpub_date }}</h4></div><div class="artical-box"><div class="artical-img"><a href="/book/{{ book.id }}/"><img src="/{{ book.bimg }}" title="imag-name"/></a></div><div class="artical-info"><p>{{ book.bcontent }}<a href="/book/{{ book.id }}/">Read more...</a></p></div><div class="clear"></div></div></div></div>{% endfor %}</div><a class="button" href="#">View All Updates</a></div></div><!---End-Content---->
{% endblock %}

blog/detail.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}{% block title  %} 人物信息 {% endblock %}
{% block content %}<!---start-main----><div class="main"><!---start-Content----><div class="content"><div class="basic-elements"><div class="sub-wrap"><div class="footer-form"><h3 style="font-size: 50px;text-align: center ">{{ book.btitle }}</h3></div>{% for hero in heros %}<div class="common-heading"><h1>{{ hero.hname }}</h1></div><div class="headings"><p>{{ hero.hcontent }}</p></div>{% endfor %}</div><br></div><div class="clear"></div></div></div><!---End-Content---->{% endblock  %}