pip联网问题 SSLError(SSLError(1, ‘[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (

有时候你在conda中使用pip，即使在pip.conf中设置了trusted-host，还是不起作用，连不上网：

$ pip search absl-py
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),)': /pypi
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),)': /pypi
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),)': /pypi
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),)': /pypi
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),)': /pypi
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 667, in urlopenself._prepare_proxy(conn)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 930, in _prepare_proxyconn.connect()File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connection.py", line 370, in connectssl_context=context,File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 377, in ssl_wrap_socketreturn context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)File "/home/user1/anaconda3/envs/mxgpu/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 401, in wrap_socket_context=self, _session=session)File "/home/user1/anaconda3/envs/mxgpu/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 808, in __init__self.do_handshake()File "/home/user1/anaconda3/envs/mxgpu/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 1061, in do_handshakeself._sslobj.do_handshake()File "/home/user1/anaconda3/envs/mxgpu/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 683, in do_handshakeself._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 449, in sendtimeout=timeoutFile "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 765, in urlopen**response_kwFile "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 765, in urlopen**response_kwFile "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 765, in urlopen**response_kw[Previous line repeated 1 more times]File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 725, in urlopenmethod, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 439, in incrementraise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),))During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 216, in _mainstatus = self.run(options, args)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 60, in runpypi_hits = self.search(query, options)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 80, in searchhits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')File "/home/user1/anaconda3/envs/mxgpu/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1112, in __call__return self.__send(self.__name, args)File "/home/user1/anaconda3/envs/mxgpu/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1452, in __requestverbose=self.__verboseFile "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py", line 42, in requestheaders=headers, stream=True)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 578, in postreturn self.request('POST', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 421, in requestreturn super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 530, in requestresp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/sessions.py", line 643, in sendr = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 53, in sendresp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)File "/home/user1/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-20.2.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 514, in sendraise SSLError(e, request=request)
pip._vendor.requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /pypi (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:748)'),))

首先打开firefox，确认你能连到外网。访问个百度什么的。
然后，从报错来看是pip连接 pypi.org 连不上。
这时候你需要手动指定 pypi.org 为信任：

比如这样：

$ pip search absl-py --trusted-host=pypi.org

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