1. 首先安装一个命令行下载工具，我这里使用axel：

$ axel https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

#下载完成之后得到一个python文件

$ ls

get-pip.py

也可以使用 wget：

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

需要注意的是，当同时存在python2和python3时

$ ls -al /usr/bin/python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jul 20 03:53 python -> python3.6

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 20 01:26 python2 -> python2.7

#这里需要注意python命令代表的版本

# $ sudo python2 get-pip.py # python2 代表 python2.7

$ sudo python get-pip.py # python 代表 python3.6

Collecting pip

Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 185kB/s

Collecting wheel

Downloading wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (66kB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 492kB/s

Installing collected packages: pip, wheel

Successfully installed pip-9.0.1 wheel-0.29.0

# 查看安装结果：

$ sudo find / -name 'pip'

....

....

/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip

/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip

安装完成！

2. 安装模块的方法：

$ sudo pip install xxx //安装指定的 xxx 模块或者包

$ sudo pip uninstall xxx //删除指定的 xxx 模块或者包

$ pip list //查看当前的已安装python模块

使用pip安装模块时，需要注意python2和python3是否同时存：

$ ls -al /usr/bin/pip*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 206 Oct 15 20:08 pip2

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 206 Oct 15 20:08 pip2.7

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 205 Sep 20 00:23 pip3

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 205 Sep 20 00:23 pip3.6

$ sudo pip3 install BeautifulSoup # 给 python3 安装模块这里用pip3

$ sudo pip2 install BeautifulSoup # 给 python2 安装模块这里用pip2

Collecting BeautifulSoup

Downloading BeautifulSoup-3.2.1.tar.gz

Building wheels for collected packages: BeautifulSoup

Running setup.py bdist_wheel for BeautifulSoup ... done

Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/5e/be/6d/ed01d5d434a821557b674c9da976f60b1b93d9009447eb9d16

Successfully built BeautifulSoup

Installing collected packages: BeautifulSoup

Successfully installed BeautifulSoup-3.2.1

# 查看已安装模块

# $ pip3 list python3

$ pip2 list

DEPRECATION: The default format will switch to columns in the future. You can use --format=(legacy|columns) (or define a format=(legacy|columns) in your pip.conf under the [list] section) to disable this warning.

BeautifulSoup (3.2.1)

netsnmp-python (1.0a1)

numpy (1.13.3)

pip (9.0.1)

pwquality (1.3.0)

setuptools (36.6.0)

team (1.0)

wheel (0.30.0)

另外当使用pip2或者pip3出现找不到python版本时，可以修改里面的环境 “#!/usr/bin/python2”

指向正确的python版本:

$ cd /usr/bin

$ ls -al python*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 20 01:26 python2 -> python2.7

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Oct 15 20:45 python3 -> python3.6

$ cat pip

#!/usr/bin/python2 # 这里指python2的pip，同理：#!/usr/bin/python3 指python3

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import re

import sys

from pip import main

if __name__ == '__main__':

sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])

sys.exit(main())

3. 在windows下使用pip的方法：

python2 和 python3 同时共存时：

python2：py -2 -m pip install path\file

python3：py -3 -m pip install path\file

#--------------------------------------------------

#例如在windows下安装wxpython： 两个步骤

1.安装wheel

#此为python2,安装python3则需更改 -3 即可

C:\>py -2 -m pip install wheel

2.安装wxpython的wheel文件：

#此为python2,安装python3则需更改 -3 即可

C:\>py -2 -m pip install D:\wxpython\windows\wxPython-4.0.0b2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl

4. 升级pip

sudo 后面的pip3为用户已安装的pip名称，比如python3版本的pip：pip3

$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

Collecting pip

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/74/ecd13431bcc456ed390b44c8a6e917c1820365cbebcb6a8974d1cd045ab4/pip-10.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 215kB/s

Installing collected packages: pip

Found existing installation: pip 9.0.1

Not uninstalling pip at /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, outside environment /usr

Successfully installed pip-10.0.1