Python实现json串比对并输出差异结果

主要是利用递归，逐层级、逐次、逐字段比较；可以用于幂等类接口的返回体校验。

class JsonCompare:def __init__(self, second_data, first_data, debug_model=False):"""用于两个json串比对，输出两串json字段差异:param second_data: 用于比对的新json:param first_data: 基准json:param debug_model: 为True时将在控制台输出比对结果，默认不开启"""self.compare_result = []  # 存放字段差异self.compare_error = []  # 存放字段比对异常self.compare(second_data, first_data)if debug_model:for i in self.compare_result:print(i)for i in self.compare_error:print(i)def compare(self, second_data, first_data, path=''):try:if not isinstance(second_data, (list, tuple, dict)):# 比对非list\tuple\dict类型的数据if not second_data == first_data:msg = {'field': path,'error_type': 'field value diff','secondResp': second_data,'firstResp': first_data}self.compare_result.append(msg)elif isinstance(second_data, (list, tuple)):# 如果新数据是list/tuple,则判断老数据是否类型一致;不一致则追加到compare_errorif type(second_data) != type(first_data):msg = {'field': path,'error_type': "field type diff",'secondResp': f"type is {type(second_data)}",'firstResp': f"type is {type(first_data)}"}self.compare_result.append(msg)returnif len(second_data) != len(first_data):msg = {'field': path,'error_type': "field indexLength diff",'secondResp': f"Length of list is {len(second_data)}",'firstResp': f"Length of list is {len(first_data)}"}self.compare_result.append(msg)for index, value in enumerate(second_data):try:if index < len(first_data):self.compare(value, first_data[index], f'{path}:{index}')else:self.compare(value, {}, f'{path}:{index}')except Exception as e:self.compare_error.append(f'Unknown error: {e.args}')else:# 比对值为dict类型数据if not isinstance(first_data, dict):msg = {'field': path,'error_type': "field type diff",'secondResp': f"type is {type(second_data)}",'firstResp': f"type is {type(first_data)}"}self.compare_result.append(msg)returnnew_keys = set(second_data.keys())old_keys = set(first_data.keys())diff_keys = old_keys - new_keys  # 用于检查老数据存在某个key，但新数据不存在。for key, value in second_data.items():try:if key in first_data.keys():self.compare(value, first_data[key], f"{path}:{key}")else:msg = {'field': f"{path}:{key}",'error_type': 'field missing','secondResp': value,'firstResp': f"Field of '{key}' is not exists"}self.compare_result.append(msg)except Exception as e:self.compare_error.append(f'Unknown error:{e.args}')if diff_keys:for key in diff_keys:msg = {'field': f"{path}:{key}",'error_type': 'field missing','secondResp': f"Field of '{key}' is not exists",'firstResp': first_data[key]}self.compare_result.append(msg)except Exception as e:self.compare_error.append(f'Unknown error:{e.args}')

使用方法：

_old_data = {"key1": "value1","key2": "value2","key3": [1],"object": {"object_key1": "object_value2","object_key2": {"sub_key": "object_key2_sub_value"},"object_key3": [{"list_sub_key1": "xx"},{"list_sub_key2": "xx"}]},"x": 1.2}
_new_data = {"key1": "value1","key2": "value2","key3": (1,),"object": {"object_key1": "object_value1","object_key2": {"sub_key": "object_key2_sub_value","sub_key2": {"xx": 1}},"object_key3": [{"list_sub_key1": "xx"},{"list_sub_key2": []}]},"x": 1.2
}print("方式一：")
JsonCompare(_new_data, _old_data, debug_model=True)
print("方式二：")
json_compare = JsonCompare(_new_data, _old_data)
print(json_compare.compare_result)
print(json_compare.compare_error)
=======================================================================
方式一：
{'field': ':key3', 'error_type': 'field type diff', 'secondResp': "type is <class 'tuple'>", 'firstResp': "type is <class 'list'>"}
{'field': ':object:object_key1', 'error_type': 'field value diff', 'secondResp': 'object_value1', 'firstResp': 'object_value2'}
{'field': ':object:object_key2:sub_key2', 'error_type': 'field missing', 'secondResp': {'xx': 1}, 'firstResp': "Field of 'sub_key2' is not exists"}
{'field': ':object:object_key3:1:list_sub_key2', 'error_type': 'field type diff', 'secondResp': "type is <class 'list'>", 'firstResp': "type is <class 'str'>"}
方式二：
[{'field': ':key3', 'error_type': 'field type diff', 'secondResp': "type is <class 'tuple'>", 'firstResp': "type is <class 'list'>"}, {'field': ':object:object_key1', 'error_type': 'field value diff', 'secondResp': 'object_value1', 'firstResp': 'object_value2'}, {'field': ':object:object_key2:sub_key2', 'error_type': 'field missing', 'secondResp': {'xx': 1}, 'firstResp': "Field of 'sub_key2' is not exists"}, {'field': ':object:object_key3:1:list_sub_key2', 'error_type': 'field type diff', 'secondResp': "type is <class 'list'>", 'firstResp': "type is <class 'str'>"}]
[]

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