树莓派配置usb无线网卡

参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/hw5226349/article/details/37877877

用到的几个指令：
lsusb
iwconfig
iwlist

配置文件：
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
/etc/network/interfaces

操作步骤：
1、插入usb无线网卡，用lsusb查看

pi@raspberrypi / $ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.
pi@raspberrypi / $ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8176 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter

最后一行是我的无线网卡。

2、用ifconfig或者iwconfig看一下无线接口

pi@raspberrypi / $ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:1796 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:1441 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:148587 (145.1 KiB)  TX bytes:255477 (249.4 KiB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)pi@raspberrypi / $ iwconfig
wlan0     unassociated  Nickname:"<WIFI@REALTEK>"Mode:Auto  Frequency=2.412 GHz  Access Point: Not-AssociatedSensitivity:0/0Retry:off   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:offPower Management:offLink Quality:0  Signal level:0  Noise level:0Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0lo        no wireless extensions.eth0      no wireless extensions.

3、扫描可用无线网络
注意这里需要root权限

pi@raspberrypi / $ iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0     No scan resultspi@raspberrypi / $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scan
wlan0     Scan completed :Cell 01 - Address: 78:A1:06:74:5B:44ESSID:"DDDDD"Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgnMode:MasterFrequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)Encryption key:onBit Rates:150 Mb/sExtra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202IE: WPA Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKExtra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKIE: Unknown: DD8C0050F204104A0001101044000102103B000103104700100000000000001000000078A106745B44102100074D455243555259102300064D57313530521024000431302E3010420007312E312E302E331054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F75746572204D5731353052100800022288103C0001011049000600372A000120Quality=77/100  Signal level=47/100Cell 02 - Address: BC:D1:77:F8:ED:FCESSID:"DDDDD"Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgnMode:MasterFrequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)Encryption key:onBit Rates:300 Mb/sExtra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202IE: WPA Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKExtra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKIE: Unknown: DD800050F204104A0001101044000102103B0001031047001000000000000010000000BCD177F8EDFC1021000754502D4C494E4B10230009544C2D57523834354E10240003312E3010420003312E301054000800060050F204000110110018576972656C657373204E20526F757465722057523834354E100800020086103C000101Quality=100/100  Signal level=60/100Cell 03 - Address: EC:26:CA:D7:9A:F2ESSID:"DDDDD"Protocol:IEEE 802.11bgnMode:MasterFrequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1)Encryption key:onBit Rates:300 Mb/sExtra:wpa_ie=dd160050f20101000050f20401000050f20401000050f202IE: WPA Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKExtra:rsn_ie=30140100000fac040100000fac040100000fac020000IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1Group Cipher : CCMPPairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMPAuthentication Suites (1) : PSKQuality=70/100  Signal level=26/100.......

4、产生无线连接需要的配置文件

pi@raspberrypi / $ wpa_passphrase 需要的ssid 相应密码
network={ssid="需要的ssid"#psk="密码"psk=一长串数字
}

5、将上面产生的信息填充到配置文件：
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
这里需要root权限。

原来配置文件的内容是这样的：

root@raspberrypi:/# cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf.ori
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1

6、修改/etc/network/interface文件：
需要root权限

root@raspberrypi:/# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopbackauto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet manualauto wlan0
allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.confauto wlan1
allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet dhcp
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

7、启动wlan接口

root@raspberrypi:/# ifup wlan0
ifup: interface wlan0 already configured

启动失败，先关闭：


root@raspberrypi:/# ifdown wlan0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on   LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on   Socket/fallback
root@raspberrypi:/# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:3713 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:2842 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:312801 (305.4 KiB)  TX bytes:486817 (475.4 KiB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

再启动：

root@raspberrypi:/# ifup wlan0
ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: Operation not permitted
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on   LPF/wlan0/e8:4e:06:32:36:d5
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8
DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8
DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
RTNETLINK answers: File exists
bound to 192.168.1.101 -- renewal in 2706 seconds.

查看情况：

root@raspberrypi:/# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:af:4e:a3inet addr:192.168.1.100  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:3798 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:2900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:321849 (314.3 KiB)  TX bytes:497333 (485.6 KiB)lo        Link encap:Local Loopbackinet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)  TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr e8:4e:06:32:36:d5inet addr:192.168.1.101  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:26 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:4378 (4.2 KiB)  TX bytes:5556 (5.4 KiB)

在电脑上ping这个ip：192.168.1.101，连通。

关于root的用户：
因为操作的时候每次都要sudo，所以就激活了root，具体操作如下：

pi@raspberrypi / $ sudo passwd root
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
pi@raspberrypi / $
pi@raspberrypi / $
pi@raspberrypi / $
pi@raspberrypi / $ su
Password:
root@raspberrypi:/#

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