常用命令_LINUX三剑客之文本处理

首先是源文本test.tcl

@@ cat test.tcl- switch_core_1 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1372600 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_2 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1451000 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_3 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1529400 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_4 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1607800 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_5 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1686200 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_6 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1764600 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_7 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 3489400 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_8 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 3567800 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_9 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 3646200 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_10 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 3724600 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_11 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 3803000 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_12 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 3881400 30000 ) FS;
- switch_core_13 HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R + FIXED ( 1372600 58000 ) FS;

其次是最终要处理成的目标文本test.tcl2

@@ cat test.tcl2
addInst -inst  switch_core_1     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_2     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_3     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_4     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_5     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_6     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_7     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_8     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_9     -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_10    -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_11    -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_12    -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_13    -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R

步骤1 grep switch.def 中含switch* HEAD*这两列并将结果 > test.tcl2

命令详解：
grep “HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R” test.tcl | awk ‘{printf “%-20s%-20s\n”,$2,$3}’ > test.tcl2

#先 grep 再 awk 取出第二列、第三列（$2,$3）,并格式化输出（printf “%-20s%-20s\n”）
#Linux awk中的print和printf的比较

awk中print与printf的主要差别显示在以下两点：

  1. print在显示多个结果的时候以逗号分隔，结果将这几部分的内容自动使用分隔符进行分隔，且不需要添加换行符\n
  2. printf可以更加灵活的控制某一个字段的输出格式，通过使用诸如%-12s,%3.1f等格式化方法

#格式化输出–%m.n
switch_core_1 H
（-表示左对齐，省略则右对齐；
switch_core_1占13字符宽度，右边补7个空格，刚好20字符宽度；
即为%-20s）

@@ grep "HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R" test.tcl | awk '{printf "%-20s%-20s\n",$2,$3}' > test.tcl2
@@ cat test.tcl2
switch_core_1       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_2       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_3       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_4       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_5       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_6       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_7       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_8       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_9       HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_10      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_11      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_12      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_13      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R

步骤2 添加列操作

方式一 sed替换法实现

（适用于某列列首或列尾字符相同，如在第一列之前加列“addInst -inst”时，第一列列首有相同字符‘switch’；第二列之前加列“-cell”时，第一列列首有相同字符‘HEADBUF*’）

sed -i 表示直接写入

SED 简明教程

@@ sed -i "s#  HEAD#-cell  HEAD#g" test.tcl2
switch_core_1   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_2   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_3   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_4   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_5   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_6   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_7   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_8   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_9   -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_10  -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_11  -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_12  -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_13  -cell-cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R@@ sed -i "s#switch#addInst -inst  switch#g" test.tcl2
addInst -inst  switch_core_2   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_2   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_3   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_4   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_5   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_6   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_7   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_8   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_9   -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_10  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_11  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_12  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst  switch_core_13  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R

方式二 awk列操作实现

awk作为列操作脚本语言，添加列显然比sed（行操作脚本语言）命令更合适。

linux 文本的行、列操作
AWK 简明教程

@@ grep "HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R" test.tcl | awk '{printf "%-18s%s\n",$2,$3}' > test_awk.tcl
@@ cat test_awk.tcl
switch_core_1     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_2     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_3     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_4     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_5     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_6     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_7     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_8     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_9     HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_10    HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_11    HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_12    HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_13    HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
metho
@@ awk '{print "addInst -inst",$1,"-cell",$2}' test_awk.tcl  ##在第一列之前加列“addInst -inst”，以及第一列、第二列之间加列“-cell”
addInst -inst switch_core_1 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_2 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_3 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_4 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_5 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_6 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_7 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_8 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_9 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_10 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_11 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_12 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst -inst switch_core_13 -cell HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R@@ awk '{print "addInst -inst",$1,"-cell",$2}' test_awk.tcl > test_awk.tcl2  ##输出结果写入test_awk.tcl2
@@ awk '{printf "%-10s %-10s %-20s %-10s %-20s\n",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5}' test_awk.tcl2 > test_awk.tcl3 ##格式化输出结果并写入到test_awk.tcl3，不能test_awk.tcl2 > test_awk.tcl2
@@ cat test_awk.tcl3
addInst    -inst      switch_core_1        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_2        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_3        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_4        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_5        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_6        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_7        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_8        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_9        -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_10       -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_11       -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_12       -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
addInst    -inst      switch_core_13       -cell      HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R@@ awk '$1=$1 "  -cell "' test_awk.tcl ##在第一列后面加列；此方法适用于列数较多的情况下单独加列
switch_core_1  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_2  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_3  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_4  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_5  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_6  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_7  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_8  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_9  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_10  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_11  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_12  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R
switch_core_13  -cell  HEADBUFMDV32_140P7T35R

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