Python实现 IOT（物联网）自动化测试

一转眼2020年了哈，来西门子已经四五个月了。2020年实在不寻常，全国被新冠病毒搞得人心惶惶，过完年后在家呆了一两个月没上班，全国都被按下了暂停键，不过好在现在已经控制住了，慢慢大家都开始上班了，不管怎样，愿明天更美好！

好了进入正题，进入西门子这几个月很懵逼，西门子做的电力行业，跟以前工作有点不搭边，不过好在同事都挺好，乐于助人，也慢慢的习惯下来。进入西门子做的第一个项目就是电能质量装置的物联网功能测试，也就是现在很火的IOT。

我们的电能质量装置就是一个监控电力系统的装置，可以监控电能质量，电压跳变等等异常情况。我要做的就是将自己电脑作为服务器，装置的一些数据（电压，电流，谐波等等等等）通过IOT协议传到服务端（也就是我的电脑）。

测试步骤如图：

下面上代码吧：算是自己的一个日记了，因为很多工作上的东西还是需要保密的！

import csv
import pathlib
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import time
from enum import Enumimport attr
from robot.api import logger
from robot.utils import robottypes
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keysimport ExcelRobot
from ModbusRobot import ModbusRobotfrom ..enums.configuration import ACMNetworkType
from ..utils import Utils
from ._context import _Context
from .common import _CommonKeywords
from .configuration import _ConfigurationKeywords
from .device import _DeviceKeywords
from .seleniumext import _SeleniumExtKeywords# region Configuration Enums
class BrokerConnectMode(Enum):TLS = 1TLS_JWT = 6class MappingState(Enum):AGGREGATION = 1REALTIME = 2class ColumnNumber(Enum):NAME = 1REGISTER = 2TYPE = 3ACTUAL_VALUE = 10EXPECTED_VALUE = 11UNCERTAINTY = 12RESULT = 13# endregion@attr.s
class CNFMqtt(object):brokerIp = attr.ib(default='mqtt.eu1.mindsphere.io')topicName = attr.ib(default='c/{ClientID}/o/opcua/{VersionMS}/u/{Meas:d|File:d|Meta:m}')connectionMode = attr.ib(default=BrokerConnectMode.TLS_JWT)dnsIp = attr.ib(default='0.0.0.0')mappingState = attr.ib(default=MappingState.AGGREGATION)harmonicsVoltage = attr.ib(default=True)harmonicsCurrent = attr.ib(default=True)harmonicsPower = attr.ib(default=True)energyCounters = attr.ib(default=True)energyCountersTransmitCycle = attr.ib(default=1)class _MqttKeywords(_Context):def __init__(self, *args):super().__init__(*args)self._common = _CommonKeywords(*args)self._configuration = _ConfigurationKeywords(*args)self._device = _DeviceKeywords(*args)self._seleniumext = _SeleniumExtKeywords(*args)# region operation MQTT brokerdef start_mqtt_broker(self, brokerBatPath):"""Start Mqtt broker:param brokerBatPath: the .bat file of start exe:return:"""logger.info('Starting mqtt server....')subprocess.call('{}'.format(brokerBatPath))logger.info('Start mqtt server success!!')def stop_mqtt_broker(self):logger.info('Closing mqtt server....')subprocess.call('taskkill /F /IM Siemens.Energy.OPCUAPubSub.MQTT-Broker.exe')subprocess.call('taskkill /F /IM Siemens.Energy.OPCUAPubSub.Visualizer.exe')subprocess.call('taskkill /F /IM Siemens.Energy.OPCUAPubSub.ModbusTCP.exe')logger.info('Close mqtt server success!!')# endregion# region MQTT Measurement Validationdef copy_template_to_mqtt_testResult(self, newTemplateName, templateNameFormatString='MappingFile_MQTT_{:s}.xlsx'):"""Copy the template to TestResult folder:param newTemplateName is str ,like:MappingFile_MQTT_Q200.xlsx:return:"""currentDir = pathlib.Path.cwd()template_path = (currentDir.parent / 'TestResources' / 'MQTT' / templateNameFormatString.format(str(_DeviceKeywords.active_device().deviceType).split('.')[1])).resolve()if not pathlib.Path(template_path).is_file():raise Exception('The original test template does not exist !')reportFolder = pathlib.Path(self._common.get_output_folder()) / 'MqttTestResult'if not reportFolder.exists():reportFolder.mkdir(parents=True)shutil.copyfile(template_path, str(reportFolder / newTemplateName))reportPath = str(reportFolder / newTemplateName)if pathlib.Path(reportPath).is_file():logger.info('Report_path:{}'.format(reportPath))else:raise Exception('Test report excel not exist !!')return reportPathdef validate_mqtt_value(self, brokerIp=None, networkType=None, newTemplateName=None, startRow=None, endRow=None):"""Compare the read value and expected value ,judge it is pass or fail:param brokerIp is the mqtt server's ip address,like:192.168.0.36:param networkType:SINGLE_PHASE...:param testTemplateName:str, like Q200.xlsx:param startRow: look the template ,which row you want to start test:param endRow:look the template ,which row you want to end test:return: None"""brokerMbus = ModbusRobot()if brokerIp is not None:brokerMbus.open_modbus_connection(connectionType='TCP', host=brokerIp)else:ipAddress = Utils.get_own_ipAddress()brokerMbus.open_modbus_connection(connectionType='TCP', host=str(ipAddress))networkType = Utils.to_enum(networkType, ACMNetworkType)startRow = int(startRow) if startRow is not None else startRowendRow = int(endRow) if endRow is not None else endRowtemplate = self._common.get_output_folder().parent / 'MqttTestResult' / newTemplateNameif not pathlib.Path(template).is_file():raise Exception('Test template not exist !!')networkTypeToShortName = {ACMNetworkType.SINGLE_PHASE: '1P2W',ACMNetworkType.THREE_WIRE_THREE_PHASE_BALANCED: '3P3WBAL',ACMNetworkType.THREE_WIRE_THREE_PHASE_UNBALANCED_2L: '3P3W2I',ACMNetworkType.THREE_WIRE_THREE_PHASE_UNBALANCED_3L: '3P3W3I',ACMNetworkType.FOUR_WIRE_THREE_PHASE_BALANCED: '3P4WBAL',ACMNetworkType.FOUR_WIRE_THREE_PHASE_UNBALANCED: '3P4WUNB'}excel = ExcelRobot.ExcelRobot()registerValues = excel.read_column_values(excelname=str(template), sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType], column=ColumnNumber.REGISTER.value, startrow=startRow, endrow=endRow)expectedValues = excel.read_column_values(excelname=str(template), sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType], column=ColumnNumber.EXPECTED_VALUE.value, startrow=startRow, endrow=endRow)uncertaintyValues = excel.read_column_values(excelname=str(template), sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType], column=ColumnNumber.UNCERTAINTY.value, startrow=startRow, endrow=endRow)valueTypes = excel.read_column_values(excelname=str(template), sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType], column=ColumnNumber.TYPE.value, startrow=startRow, endrow=endRow)type_to_value = list(zip(valueTypes, registerValues))actualValues = []for tup in type_to_value:if 'Single-point'==tup[0]:res = brokerMbus.read_holding_data(address=(int(tup[1]) - 1))actualValues.append(res)elif 'Enumeration'==tup[0]:res = brokerMbus.read_holding_data(address=(int(tup[1]) - 1))actualValues.append(res)elif 'Measured value'==tup[0]:res = brokerMbus.read_holding_float(address=(int(tup[1]) - 1))actualValues.append(res)elif 'Energy counter'==tup[0]:res = brokerMbus.read_holding_double(address=(int(tup[1]) - 1))actualValues.append(res)elif 'Counter'==tup[0]:res = brokerMbus.read_holding_data(address=(int(tup[1]) - 1), mbusType='RAW', size=4)actualValues.append(res[-1])else:logger.info('The value type not support !')rowNumber = startRowfor value in actualValues:excel.write_excel_data(excelname=str(template), row=rowNumber, column=ColumnNumber.ACTUAL_VALUE.value, data=value, sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType])rowNumber += 1errorOccured = Falseflag = startRowfor actual, expected, uncertainty in zip(actualValues, expectedValues, uncertaintyValues):try:flag += 1if isinstance(actual, str):raise AssertionError('actual value is str !')if isinstance(actual, float):if expected == 0:if not abs(actual - float(expected)) <= uncertainty:raise AssertionError('The actual value is out of error range !')else:if abs(actual - float(expected)) / expected >= uncertainty:raise AssertionError('The actual value is out of error range !')if isinstance(actual, int):if actual != int(expected):raise AssertionError('The actual value is not meet expected !')except AssertionError as err:logger.error(err)errorOccured = Trueexcel.write_excel_data(excelname=str(template), row=int(flag-1), column=ColumnNumber.RESULT.value, data='Fail', sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType])excel.fill_colour(excelname=str(template), cell='M' + str(flag-1), backcolor='FFFF0000', sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType])testedNames = excel.read_column_values(excelname=str(template), sheetname=networkTypeToShortName[networkType], column=ColumnNumber.NAME.value, startrow=startRow, endrow=endRow)logger.info("From name [{:s}] to [{:s}] test end !, from lines {} to {} !!".format(testedNames[0], testedNames[-1], startRow, endRow))if errorOccured:raise AssertionError('Not all value do meet conditions !!')brokerMbus.close_modbus_connection()def save_testResult_template(self, deviceType=None, testTemplateName=None, finalResultFileName=None):"""Clear empty folders and Add time to test result:param testTemplateName is str like:Mapdefile.xlsx:param finalResultFileName is str like:Mapdefile.xlsx:param deviceType:'Q100','Q200','P855':return:.xlsx file"""deviceType = deviceType if deviceType is not None else _DeviceKeywords.active_device().deviceTypetestTemplateName = str(testTemplateName) if testTemplateName is not None else testTemplateNameif isinstance(finalResultFileName, str):finalResultFileName = finalResultFileName.split('.')[0]resultFile = self._common.get_output_folder() / 'MqttTestResult' / testTemplateNameif resultFile.is_file():nowTime = time.strftime('%Y_%m_%d %H_%M_%S', time.localtime())shutil.copyfile(resultFile, str(pathlib.Path(resultFile).parent / '{:s}_{:s}_{:s}.xlsx'.format(nowTime, finalResultFileName, deviceType)))try:csvList = self._common.get_output_folder().rglob('*.csv')for csvFile in csvList:if csvFile.exists():csvFile.unlink()self._common.remove_empty_folders(folder=self._common.get_output_folder())resultFile.unlink()if resultFile.exists():raise AssertionError('resultFile still exixt !!')except AssertionError as err:logger.error(err)# endregion# region MQTT configurationdef get_mqtt_configuration(self):conf = CNFMqtt()self._sel.go_to(self._device.get_device_address('/ConfCommAMQP.html'))self._sel.wait_until_page_contains_element('id:footer')conf.brokerIp = self._sel.get_value('name:IpAddrBroker')conf.topicName = self._sel.get_value('name:Target0Name')conf.connectionMode = BrokerConnectMode(int(self._sel.get_selected_list_value('name:ConnMode')))conf.dnsIp = self._sel.get_value('name:IpAddrDNSSrv')flag = self._sel.find_element('xpath://table[2]/tbody/tr[2]/td[3]/*[@class="button"]').get_attribute('type')if flag == 'submit':conf.mappingState = MappingState.REALTIMEelse:conf.mappingState = MappingState.AGGREGATIONconf.harmonicsVoltage = int(self._sel.get_value('css:input[name="XmitHarm_0"]:checked')) == 2conf.harmonicsCurrent = int(self._sel.get_value('css:input[name="XmitHarmI_0"]:checked')) == 2conf.harmonicsPower = int(self._sel.get_value('css:input[name="XmitHarmPwr_0"]:checked')) == 2conf.energyCounters = int(self._sel.get_value('css:input[name="XmitIT_0"]:checked')) == 2conf.energyCountersTransmitCycle = self._sel.get_value('name:XmitCyclIT')return confdef set_default_mqtt_configuration(self):self.set_mqtt_configuration(**attr.asdict(CNFMqtt()))def set_mqtt_configuration(self, brokerIp=None, topicName=None, connectionMode=None, dnsIp=None, mappingState=None, harmonicsVoltage=None, harmonicsCurrent=None, harmonicsPower=None, energyCounters=None, energyCountersTransmitCycle=None, deviceCAPath=None, passwordCAPath=None, brokerCAPath=None):"""set parameter to mqtt web page:param brokerIp: the ipaddress of your pc which is used as the server:param topicName: not necessary,the name can be anyone:param connectionMode: input :TLS，TLS_JWT:param dnsIp: not necessary:param mappingState: allowed: 'AGGREGATION' or 'REALTIME':param harmonicsVoltage: bool:param harmonicsCurrent:bool:param harmonicsPower: bool:param energyCounters: bool:param energyCountersTransmitCycle: number ,type int:return:None"""conf = self.get_mqtt_configuration()brokerIp = Utils.get_own_ipAddress() if brokerIp is None else brokerIptopicName = topicName if topicName is not None else conf.topicNameconnectionMode = Utils.to_enum(connectionMode, BrokerConnectMode) if connectionMode is not None else conf.connectionModednsIp = dnsIp if dnsIp is not None else conf.dnsIpmappingState = Utils.to_enum(mappingState, MappingState) if mappingState is not None else conf.mappingStateharmonicsVoltage = robottypes.is_truthy(harmonicsVoltage) if harmonicsVoltage is not None else conf.harmonicsVoltageharmonicsCurrent = robottypes.is_truthy(harmonicsCurrent) if harmonicsCurrent is not None else conf.harmonicsCurrentharmonicsPower = robottypes.is_truthy(harmonicsPower) if harmonicsPower is not None else conf.harmonicsPowerenergyCounters = robottypes.is_truthy(energyCounters) if energyCounters is not None else conf.energyCountersenergyCountersTransmitCycle = int(energyCountersTransmitCycle) if energyCountersTransmitCycle is not None else conf.energyCountersTransmitCyclecaPath = pathlib.Path.cwd().parent / 'TestResources' / 'MQTT' / 'SICAM_PQ_NKG_Cert'deviceCAPath = deviceCAPath if deviceCAPath is not None else caPath / 'SICAM_PQ_NKG_Client_2k_2020.p12'passwordCAPath = passwordCAPath if passwordCAPath is not None else caPath / 'SICAM_PQ_4All.pin'brokerCAPath = brokerCAPath if brokerCAPath is not None else caPath / 'SICAM_PQ_NKG_CA_4k_2020.der'self._sel.go_to(self._device.get_device_address('/ConfCommAMQP.html'))self._sel.wait_until_page_contains_element('id:footer')if brokerIp != conf.brokerIp:self._sel.input_text('name:IpAddrBroker', str(brokerIp))if topicName != conf.topicName:self._sel.input_text('name:Target0Name', str(topicName))if connectionMode != conf.connectionMode:self._sel.select_from_list_by_value('name:ConnMode', connectionMode)if dnsIp != conf.dnsIp:self._sel.input_text('IpAddrDNSSrv', str(dnsIp))if harmonicsVoltage != conf.harmonicsVoltage:self._sel.select_radio_button('XmitHarm_0', str(int(harmonicsVoltage) + 1))if harmonicsCurrent != conf.harmonicsCurrent:self._sel.select_radio_button('XmitHarmI_0', str(int(harmonicsCurrent) + 1))if harmonicsPower != conf.harmonicsPower:self._sel.select_radio_button('XmitHarmPwr_0', str(int(harmonicsPower) + 1))if energyCounters != conf.energyCounters:self._sel.select_radio_button('XmitIT_0', str(int(energyCounters) + 1))if energyCountersTransmitCycle != conf.energyCountersTransmitCycle:self._sel.input_text('name:XmitCyclIT', '{:s}'.format(str(energyCountersTransmitCycle)))with self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_element_after_pageload('id:footer'):self._sel.find_element('css:input[type="submit"][value="Send"]').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)with self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_element_after_pageload('id:footer'):if self._seleniumext.is_any_text_present('modified'):self._sel.find_element('css:input[type="button"][value="Upload certificates"]').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)with self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_element_after_pageload('id:footer'):self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any_element(locators=['name:Datei'])self._sel.choose_file('name:Datei', str(deviceCAPath))self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any_element(locators=['name:Datei2'])self._sel.choose_file('name:Datei2', str(passwordCAPath))self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any_element(locators=['name:Datei1'])self._sel.choose_file('name:Datei1', str(brokerCAPath))self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any_element(locators=['name:LoadBtn'])self._sel.find_element('name:LoadBtn').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_element_after_pageload('id:footer')logger.info('Upload certificate success!')if self._seleniumext.is_text_present(Utils.STR_MODIFIED):self._configuration.activate_configuration()self._sel.go_to(self._device.get_device_address('/ConfCommAMQP.html'))self._sel.wait_until_page_contains_element('id:footer')if mappingState == MappingState.REALTIME:mapFilePath = self._common.download_file(None, self._device.get_device_address('/ConfCommAMQPMapExport.html'), params={'Connection': 'close'})[1]if pathlib.Path(mapFilePath).is_file():self._modify_data_transmission_mode(mapFilePath)else:logger.info('IoTMapEx.csv not exist !!')self._sel.go_to(self._device.get_device_address('/ConfCommAMQP.html'))self._sel.wait_until_page_contains_element('id:footer')self._sel.wait_until_page_contains_element('name:BIm')self._sel.find_element('name:BIm').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)with self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_element_after_pageload('name:Datei'):self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any_element(locators=['name:Datei'])self._sel.choose_file('name:Datei', str(mapFilePath))self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_element_after_pageload('id:footer')self._sel.find_element('css:input[type="submit"]').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any([Utils.SUCCESS_IMPORT_MAPPING])else:if conf.mappingState == MappingState.AGGREGATION:logger.info('State is already aggregation !')else:self._seleniumext.wait_until_page_contains_any_element(locators=['name:BDf'])self._sel.find_element('name:BDf').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)def _modify_data_transmission_mode(self, filePath):modifiedContent = []with open(filePath, 'r+', newline='') as csvFile:for row in list(csv.reader(csvFile, delimiter=';')):if row[0].startswith(('PQA2', 'PQA0')):row[-1] = '0'modifiedContent.append(row)else:modifiedContent.append(row)with open(filePath, 'w', newline='') as csvFile:csv.writer(csvFile, delimiter=';').writerows(modifiedContent)def validate_mqtt_configuration(self, brokerIp=None, topicName=None, connectionMode=BrokerConnectMode.TLS_JWT, dnsIp='0.0.0.0', mappingState=MappingState.AGGREGATION, harmonicsVoltage=False, harmonicsCurrent=False, harmonicsPower=False, energyCounters=False, energyCountersTransmitCycle=1):"""validate the mqtt configuration:param brokerIp: the ip address of the pc which you will used as server:param topicName: anymane:param connectionMode: allowed:TLS,TLS_JWT:param dnsIp: 0.0.0.0:param mappingState: allowed: 'AGGREGATION' or 'REALTIME':param harmonicsVoltage: bool:param harmonicsCurrent: bool:param harmonicsPower: bool:param energyCounters: bool:param energyCountersTransmitCycle: number ,type int:return:None"""brokerIp = Utils.get_own_ipAddress() if brokerIp is None else brokerIptopicName = CNFMqtt.topicName if topicName is None else topicNameconnectionMode = Utils.to_enum(connectionMode, BrokerConnectMode)dnsIp = str(dnsIp)mappingState = Utils.to_enum(mappingState, MappingState)harmonicsVoltage = robottypes.is_truthy(harmonicsVoltage)harmonicsCurrent = robottypes.is_truthy(harmonicsCurrent)harmonicsPower = robottypes.is_truthy(harmonicsPower)energyCounters = robottypes.is_truthy(energyCounters)energyCountersTransmitCycle = str(energyCountersTransmitCycle)logger.info('Validating configuration of mqtt configuration !!')self._sel.go_to(self._device.get_device_address('/ConfCommAMQP.html'))self._sel.wait_until_page_contains_element('id:footer')self._sel.textfield_value_should_be('name:IpAddrBroker', brokerIp)self._sel.textfield_value_should_be('name:Target0Name', topicName)self._sel.list_selection_should_be('name:ConnMode', str(connectionMode.value))self._sel.textfield_value_should_be('name:IpAddrDNSSrv', dnsIp)if mappingState == MappingState.AGGREGATION:self._sel.element_should_be_disabled('xpath://table[2]/tbody/tr[2]/td[3]/*[@class="button"]')else:self._sel.element_should_be_enabled('xpath://table[2]/tbody/tr[2]/td[3]/*[@class="button"]')self._sel.radio_button_should_be_set_to('XmitHarm_0', str(int(harmonicsVoltage) + 1))self._sel.radio_button_should_be_set_to('XmitHarmI_0', str(int(harmonicsCurrent) + 1))self._sel.radio_button_should_be_set_to('XmitHarmPwr_0', str(int(harmonicsPower) + 1))self._sel.radio_button_should_be_set_to('XmitIT_0', str(int(energyCounters) + 1))self._sel.textfield_value_should_be('name:XmitCyclIT', str(energyCountersTransmitCycle))# endregion# region change mapping filedef convert_mapping_file_to_10_12cycle_values(self, fileName=None):"""Change mapping file of MQTT Tool to 10_12cycle (prefix PAQ0):param fileName:like D:/MapDefFile_Q200.csv:return:None"""logger.info('Start change the Mapdefile.csv to 10-12 cycle !')if pathlib.Path(fileName).is_file():with open(fileName, 'r') as f:content = f.read()modifiedContent1 = re.sub('PQA2M', 'PQA0M', content)modifiedContent2 = re.sub('PQA4M', 'PQA0M', modifiedContent1)modifiedContent = re.sub('PQA0MFLK', 'PQA2MFLK', modifiedContent2)with open(fileName, 'w') as f:f.write(modifiedContent)else:logger.error('Maping Definition file is not exist!!')logger.info('Maping Defile :{} convert to 10-12 cycle success !'.format(fileName))def convert_mapping_file_to_aggregation_values(self, fileName=None):"""change the IOT maping defile to aggregation(prefix PQA2):param fileName:like D:/MapDefFile_Q200.csv:return:"""logger.info('Start change the Mapdefile.csv to aggregation !')if pathlib.Path(fileName).is_file():with open(fileName, 'r') as f:content = f.read()modifiedContent1 = re.sub('PQA0M', 'PQA2M', content)modifiedContent2 = re.sub(r';PQA2MMXU1.*?Hz', ';PQA4MMXU1$MX$Hz', modifiedContent1)modifiedContent = re.sub(r';PQA2MMXN1.*?Hz', ';PQA4MMXN1$MX$Hz', modifiedContent2)with open(fileName, 'w') as f:f.write(modifiedContent)else:logger.error('Maping Definition file is not exist!!')logger.info('Maping Defile: {} changed to aggregation success !'.format(fileName))# endregion

磕磕绊绊也算完成了吧，虽然有瑕疵，在此做个记录，希望下个项目顺顺利利，没有解决不了问题，一切都是时间问题！！

加油！

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