使用Opencv中的Camshift进行视频中目标跟踪是一个不错的选择，这方面的示例很多，但是大多代码不全，或者代码存在问题，不能正常使用，这里，对很多文章进行整理后，贴出了正确可以使用的代码。

安装Opencv ，他是exe，可以直接安装。

安装完成后，建立工程勿忘记在工程汇总添加include和lib的搜索目录，最后也要添加动态链接库如下：

使用开发环境：VS2010实测。

动态链接库

opencv_core245d.lib

opencv_core245.lib

opencv_highgui245.lib

opencv_highgui245d.lib

opencv_imgproc245.lib

opencv_imgproc245d.lib

opencv_video245.lib

opencv_video245d.lib

如果不安装错误信息的其中一条如下：

错误1error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 "void __cdecl cv::destroyWindow(class std::basic_string,class std::allocator > const &)" (?destroyWindow@cv@@YAXABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@Z)，该符号在函数 _main 中被引用E:\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Track\Track\main.obj

错误原因：库文件设置不正确

解决办法：项目->属性->连接器->输入->附加依赖项,添加程序所依赖的库文件，本程序用到opencv_core220d.lib 和opencv_highgui220d.lib(上面的动态库建议全部加上)

使用过程中还可能出现其他错误比如：

proxytrans.ax could not be loaded

本错误时Opencv1.0中的一个注册项的缺省安装造成，安装opencv1.0就可以了，地址如下：

http://www.opencv.org.cn/download/OpenCV_1.0.exe

另一个错误：

错误：：“cvSetMouseCallback”: 不能将参数 2 从“void (__cdecl *)(int,int,int,int)”转换为“CvMouseCallback”

原因：函数命名不符合Opencv的命名规范如下更改即可。

//void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags )

void on_mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param)

汇总例程的下载地址：

一个可以参考的教程下载地址如下：

下面贴出本例程中，使用的代码，实现了，简单的目标的跟踪：使用的是笔记本自带的摄像头，可以简单的跟踪你的脸哦，呵呵。还不是太灵敏，有待改进，本例程是结合，Opencv自带的例程以及网友的贡献代码更改，有任何问题，可以给我留言，或者联系我，方式见上。

#include "cv.h"

#include "highgui.h"

#include

#include

IplImage *image = 0, *hsv = 0, *hue = 0, *mask = 0, *backproject = 0, *histimg = 0;

CvHistogram *hist = 0;

int backproject_mode = 0;

int select_object = 0;

int track_object = 0;

int show_hist = 1;

CvPoint origin;

CvRect selection;

CvRect track_window;

CvBox2D track_box; // tracking 返回的区域 box，带角度

CvConnectedComp track_comp;

int hdims = 48; // 划分HIST的个数，越高越精确

float hranges_arr[] = {0,180};

float* hranges = hranges_arr;

int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;

//void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags )

void on_mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param)

{

if( !image )

return;

if( image->origin )

y = image->height - y;

if( select_object )

{

selection.x = MIN(x,origin.x);

selection.y = MIN(y,origin.y);

selection.width = selection.x + CV_IABS(x - origin.x);

selection.height = selection.y + CV_IABS(y - origin.y);

selection.x = MAX( selection.x, 0 );

selection.y = MAX( selection.y, 0 );

selection.width = MIN( selection.width, image->width );

selection.height = MIN( selection.height, image->height );

selection.width -= selection.x;

selection.height -= selection.y;

}

switch( event )

{

case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:

origin = cvPoint(x,y);

selection = cvRect(x,y,0,0);

select_object = 1;

break;

case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:

select_object = 0;

if( selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )

track_object = -1;

#ifdef _DEBUG

printf("\n # 鼠标的选择区域：");

printf("\n X = %d, Y = %d, Width = %d, Height = %d",

selection.x, selection.y, selection.width, selection.height);

#endif

break;

}

}

CvScalar hsv2rgb( float hue )

{

int rgb[3], p, sector;

static const int sector_data[][3]=

{{0,2,1}, {1,2,0}, {1,0,2}, {2,0,1}, {2,1,0}, {0,1,2}};

hue *= 0.033333333333333333333333333333333f;

sector = cvFloor(hue);

p = cvRound(255*(hue - sector));

p ^= sector & 1 ? 255 : 0;

rgb[sector_data[sector][0]] = 255;

rgb[sector_data[sector][1]] = 0;

rgb[sector_data[sector][2]] = p;

#ifdef _DEBUG

printf("\n # Convert HSV to RGB：");

printf("\n HUE = %f", hue);

printf("\n R = %d, G = %d, B = %d", rgb[0],rgb[1],rgb[2]);

#endif

return cvScalar(rgb[2], rgb[1], rgb[0],0);

}

int main( int argc, char** argv )

{

CvCapture* capture = 0;

IplImage* frame = 0;

if( argc == 1 || (argc == 2 && strlen(argv[1]) == 1 && isdigit(argv[1][0])))

capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( argc == 2 ? argv[1][0] - '0' : 0 );

else if( argc == 2 )

capture = cvCaptureFromAVI( argv[1] );

if( !capture )

{

fprintf(stderr,"Could not initialize capturing...\n");

return -1;

}

printf( "Hot keys: \n"

"\tESC - quit the program\n"

"\tc - stop the tracking\n"

"\tb - switch to/from backprojection view\n"

"\th - show/hide object histogram\n"

"To initialize tracking, select the object with mouse\n" );

//cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );

cvNamedWindow( "CamShiftDemo", 1 );

cvSetMouseCallback( "CamShiftDemo", on_mouse, NULL ); // on_mouse 自定义事件

cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmin", "CamShiftDemo", &vmin, 256, 0 );

cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmax", "CamShiftDemo", &vmax, 256, 0 );

cvCreateTrackbar( "Smin", "CamShiftDemo", &smin, 256, 0 );

for(;;)

{

int i, bin_w, c;

frame = cvQueryFrame( capture );

if( !frame )

break;

if( !image )

{

/* allocate all the buffers */

image = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );

image->origin = frame->origin;

hsv = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );

hue = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );

mask = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );

backproject = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );

hist = cvCreateHist( 1, &hdims, CV_HIST_ARRAY, &hranges, 1 ); // 计算直方图

histimg = cvCreateImage( cvSize(320,200), 8, 3 );

cvZero( histimg );

}

cvCopy( frame, image, 0 );

cvCvtColor( image, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV ); // 彩色空间转换 BGR to HSV

if( track_object )

{

int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;

cvInRangeS( hsv, cvScalar(0,smin,MIN(_vmin,_vmax),0),

cvScalar(180,256,MAX(_vmin,_vmax),0), mask ); // 得到二值的MASK

cvSplit( hsv, hue, 0, 0, 0 ); // 只提取 HUE 分量

if( track_object < 0 )

{

float max_val = 0.f;

cvSetImageROI( hue, selection ); // 得到选择区域 for ROI

cvSetImageROI( mask, selection ); // 得到选择区域 for mask

cvCalcHist( &hue, hist, 0, mask ); // 计算直方图

cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist, 0, &max_val, 0, 0 ); // 只找最大值

cvConvertScale( hist->bins, hist->bins, max_val ? 255. / max_val : 0., 0 ); // 缩放 bin 到区间 [0,255]

cvResetImageROI( hue ); // remove ROI

cvResetImageROI( mask );

track_window = selection;

track_object = 1;

cvZero( histimg );

bin_w = histimg->width / hdims; // hdims: 条的个数，则 bin_w 为条的宽度

// 画直方图

for( i = 0; i < hdims; i++ )

{

int val = cvRound( cvGetReal1D(hist->bins,i)*histimg->height/255 );

CvScalar color = hsv2rgb(i*180.f/hdims);

cvRectangle( histimg, cvPoint(i*bin_w,histimg->height),

cvPoint((i+1)*bin_w,histimg->height - val),

color, -1, 8, 0 );

}

}

cvCalcBackProject( &hue, backproject, hist ); // 使用 back project 方法

cvAnd( backproject, mask, backproject, 0 );

// calling CAMSHIFT 算法模块

cvCamShift( backproject, track_window,

cvTermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ),

&track_comp, &track_box );

track_window = track_comp.rect;

if( backproject_mode )

cvCvtColor( backproject, image, CV_GRAY2BGR ); // 使用backproject灰度图像

if( image->origin )

track_box.angle = -track_box.angle;

cvEllipseBox( image, track_box, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, CV_AA, 0 );

}

if( select_object && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )

{

cvSetImageROI( image, selection );

cvXorS( image, cvScalarAll(255), image, 0 );

cvResetImageROI( image );

}

cvShowImage( "CamShiftDemo", image );

cvShowImage( "Histogram", histimg );

c = cvWaitKey(10);

if( c == 27 )

break; // exit from for-loop

switch( c )

{

case 'b':

backproject_mode ^= 1;

break;

case 'c':

track_object = 0;

cvZero( histimg );

break;

case 'h':

show_hist ^= 1;

if( !show_hist )

cvDestroyWindow( "Histogram" );

else

cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );

break;

default:

;

}

}

cvReleaseCapture( &capture );

cvDestroyWindow("CamShiftDemo");

return 0;

}