python调用bash shell脚本

1. os.system()

help(os.system)

1.1. demo

#os.system(command):该方法在调用完shell脚本后，返回一个16位的二进制数，
#低位为杀死所调用脚本的信号号码，高位为脚本的退出状态码，
#即脚本中exit 1的代码执行后，os.system函数返回值的高位数则是1，如果低位数是0的情况下，
#则函数的返回值是0x0100,换算为十进制得到256。
#要获得os.system的正确返回值，可以使用位移运算（将返回值右移8位）还原返回值：
>>> import os
>>> os.system("./test.sh")
hello python!
hello world!
256
>>> n>>8
1

2. os.popen()

help(os.system)

2.1 demo

#os.popen(command):这种调用方式是通过管道的方式来实现，函数返回一个file对象，
#里面的内容是脚本输出的内容（可简单理解为echo输出的内容），使用os.popen调用test.sh的情况>> import os
>>> os.popen("./test.sh")
<open file './test.sh', mode 'r' at 0x7f6cbbbee4b0>
>>> f=os.popen("./test.sh")
>>> f
<open file './test.sh', mode 'r' at 0x7f6cbbbee540>
>>> f.readlines()
['hello python!\n', 'hello world!\n']

3. commands模块

（1）commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)，其以字符串的形式返回的是输出结果和状态码，即（status,output）。
（2）commands.getoutput(cmd)，返回cmd的输出结果。
（3）commands.getstatus(file)，返回ls -l file的执行结果字符串，调用了getoutput，不建议使用此方法

4. subprocess

subprocess模块，允许创建很多子进程，创建的时候能指定子进程和子进程的输入、输出、错误输出管道，执行后能获取输出结果和执行状态。
（1）subprocess.run()：python3.5中新增的函数，执行指定的命令，等待命令执行完成后返回一个包含执行结果的CompletedProcess类的实例。
（2）subprocess.call()：执行指定的命令，返回命令执行状态，功能类似os.system（cmd）。
（3）subprocess.check_call()：python2.5中新增的函数, 执行指定的命令, 如果执行成功则返回状态码，否则抛出异常。
说明：subprocess.run(args, *, stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None, check=False, universal_newlines=False)
subprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)
subprocess.check_call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)
args：表示shell指令，若以字符串形式给出shell指令，如"ls -l “则需要使shell = Ture。否则默认已数组形式表示shell变量，如"ls”,"-l"。
当使用比较复杂的shell语句时，可以先使用shlex模块的shlex.split()方法来帮助格式化命令，然后在传递给run()方法或Popen。

4.1 demo

# Stubs for subprocess# Based on http://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html and Python 3 stubfrom typing import Sequence, Any, Mapping, Callable, Tuple, IO, Union, Optional, List, Text_FILE = Union[None, int, IO[Any]]
_TXT = Union[bytes, Text]
_CMD = Union[_TXT, Sequence[_TXT]]
_ENV = Union[Mapping[bytes, _TXT], Mapping[Text, _TXT]]# Same args as Popen.__init__
def call(args: _CMD,bufsize: int = ...,executable: _TXT = ...,stdin: _FILE = ...,stdout: _FILE = ...,stderr: _FILE = ...,preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ...,close_fds: bool = ...,shell: bool = ...,cwd: _TXT = ...,env: _ENV = ...,universal_newlines: bool = ...,startupinfo: Any = ...,creationflags: int = ...) -> int: ...def check_call(args: _CMD,bufsize: int = ...,executable: _TXT = ...,stdin: _FILE = ...,stdout: _FILE = ...,stderr: _FILE = ...,preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ...,close_fds: bool = ...,shell: bool = ...,cwd: _TXT = ...,env: _ENV = ...,universal_newlines: bool = ...,startupinfo: Any = ...,creationflags: int = ...) -> int: ...# Same args as Popen.__init__ except for stdout
def check_output(args: _CMD,bufsize: int = ...,executable: _TXT = ...,stdin: _FILE = ...,stderr: _FILE = ...,preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ...,close_fds: bool = ...,shell: bool = ...,cwd: _TXT = ...,env: _ENV = ...,universal_newlines: bool = ...,startupinfo: Any = ...,creationflags: int = ...) -> bytes: ...PIPE = ... # type: int
STDOUT = ... # type: intclass CalledProcessError(Exception):returncode = 0# morally: _CMDcmd = ... # type: Any# morally: Optional[bytes]output = ... # type: Anydef __init__(self,returncode: int,cmd: _CMD,output: Optional[bytes] = ...) -> None: ...class Popen:stdin = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]]stdout = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]]stderr = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]]pid = 0returncode = 0def __init__(self,args: _CMD,bufsize: int = ...,executable: Optional[_TXT] = ...,stdin: Optional[_FILE] = ...,stdout: Optional[_FILE] = ...,stderr: Optional[_FILE] = ...,preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ...,close_fds: bool = ...,shell: bool = ...,cwd: Optional[_TXT] = ...,env: Optional[_ENV] = ...,universal_newlines: bool = ...,startupinfo: Optional[Any] = ...,creationflags: int = ...) -> None: ...def poll(self) -> int: ...def wait(self) -> int: ...# morally: -> Tuple[Optional[bytes], Optional[bytes]]def communicate(self, input: Optional[_TXT] = ...) -> Tuple[Any, Any]: ...def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None: ...def terminate(self) -> None: ...def kill(self) -> None: ...def __enter__(self) -> 'Popen': ...def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback) -> bool: ...# Windows-only: STARTUPINFO etc.STD_INPUT_HANDLE = ... # type: Any
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = ... # type: Any
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = ... # type: Any
SW_HIDE = ... # type: Any
STARTF_USESTDHANDLES = ... # type: Any
STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW = ... # type: Any
CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = ... # type: Any
CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = ... # type: Any

5. 参考文献

https://www.jb51.net/article/186301.htm