【OpenCV-Python】教程：1-2 视频读取显示保存
2024-04-16 19:45:25
文章目录
- 目标
- 代码
- VideoCapture
- 接口
- 参数
- get
- 接口
- 参数
- set
- 原型
- VideoWriter
- 扩展信息
- 运行时选择后端API
- 使能后端API
- 第三方驱动和相机
- FFmpeg
- 【参考】
目标
- 视频读入
- 视频显示
- 视频保存
代码
# 导入库
import numpy as np
import cv2 # 从摄像头读取视频
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
# 从文件读取视频
# cap = cv2.VideoCapture('testvideo.avi')# 打开失败则退出
if not cap.isOpened():print("Cannot open camera")exit()# 定义保存视频的编码格式、分辨率和帧率等信息
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
out = cv2.VideoWriter('output.avi', fourcc, 20.0, (640, 480))# 循环读取视频并显示视频
while True: # 获取每一帧ret, frame = cap.read()# 获得帧图像，则返回 Trueif not ret:print("Can't receive frame (stream end?). Exiting ...")break# 显示每一帧cv2.imshow('frame', frame)# 保存视频out.write(frame)# 按 q 键退出if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord('q'):break# 释放句柄和销毁窗口
cap.release()
out.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) 创建一个 VideoCapture 的对象，参数可以是设备的编号（相机编号，一般如果只有一个摄像头，设置为0即可，如果有多个摄像头，可以选择编号），也可以是视频文件。读取完后，可以一帧一帧的抓取视频帧，最后别忘了释放定义的 VideoCapture 的对象 cap 。
VideoCapture
接口
cv::VideoCapture::VideoCapture(); // 默认构造
cv::VideoCapture::VideoCapture(const String & filename, int apiPreference=CAP_ANY); //
cv::VideoCapture::VideoCapture(const String & filename, int apiPreference, const std::vector<int>& params);
cv::VideoCapture::VideoCapture(int index, int apiPreference=CAP_ANY);
cv::VideoCapture::VideoCapture(int index, int apiPreference, const std::vector<int>& params);
cv.VideoCapture() -> <VideoCapture object>
cv.VideoCapture(filename[, apiPreference]) -> <VideoCapture object>
cv.VideoCapture(filename, apiPreference, params) -> <VideoCapture object>
cv.VideoCapture(index[, apiPreference]) -> <VideoCapture object>
cv.VideoCapture(index, apiPreference, params) -> <VideoCapture object>
参数
filename:
- 视频名： video.avi, etc…
- 图像序列：img_%02d.jpg
- 视频流的URL：protocol://host:port/script_name?script_params|auth
- IP相机的URL，
index: 视频设备序列号
apiPreference: 首选实现 capture 的API方式，如：cv::CAP_FFMPEG or cv::CAP_IMAGES or cv::CAP_DSHOW.
| 后端Capture方式 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| CAP_ANY Python: cv2.CAP_ANY | Auto detect == 0. |
| CAP_VFW Python: cv2.CAP_VFW | Video For Windows (obsolete, removed) |
| CAP_V4L Python: cv2.CAP_V4L | V4L/V4L2 capturing support. |
| CAP_V4L2 Python: cv2.CAP_V4L2 | Same as CAP_V4L. |
| CAP_FIREWIRE Python: cv2.CAP_FIREWIRE | IEEE 1394 drivers. |
| CAP_FIREWARE Python: cv2.CAP_FIREWARE | Same value as CAP_FIREWIRE. |
| CAP_IEEE1394 Python: cv2.CAP_IEEE1394 | Same value as CAP_FIREWIRE. |
| CAP_DC1394 Python: cv2.CAP_DC1394 | Same value as CAP_FIREWIRE. |
| CAP_CMU1394 Python: cv2.CAP_CMU1394 | Same value as CAP_FIREWIRE. |
| CAP_QT Python: cv2.CAP_QT | QuickTime (obsolete, removed) |
| CAP_UNICAP Python: cv2.CAP_UNICAP | Unicap drivers (obsolete, removed) |
| CAP_DSHOW Python: cv2.CAP_DSHOW | DirectShow (via videoInput) |
| CAP_PVAPI Python: cv2.CAP_PVAPI | PvAPI, Prosilica GigE SDK. |
| CAP_OPENNI Python: cv2.CAP_OPENNI | OpenNI (for Kinect) |
| CAP_OPENNI_ASUS Python: cv2.CAP_OPENNI_ASUS | OpenNI (for Asus Xtion) |
| CAP_ANDROID Python: cv2.CAP_ANDROID | Android - not used. |
| CAP_XIAPI Python: cv2.CAP_XIAPI | XIMEA Camera API. |
| CAP_AVFOUNDATION Python: cv2.CAP_AVFOUNDATION | AVFoundation framework for iOS (OS X Lion will have the same API) |
| CAP_GIGANETIX Python: cv2.CAP_GIGANETIX | Smartek Giganetix GigEVisionSDK. |
| CAP_MSMF Python: cv2.CAP_MSMF | Microsoft Media Foundation (via videoInput) |
| CAP_WINRT Python: cv2.CAP_WINRT | Microsoft Windows Runtime using Media Foundation. |
| CAP_INTELPERC Python: cv2.CAP_INTELPERC | Synonym for CAP_INTELPERC. |
| CAP_REALSENSE Python: cv2.CAP_REALSENSE | RealSense (former Intel Perceptual Computing SDK) |
| CAP_OPENNI2 Python: cv2.CAP_OPENNI2 | OpenNI2 (for Kinect) |
| CAP_OPENNI2_ASUS Python: cv2.CAP_OPENNI2_ASUS | OpenNI2 (for Asus Xtion and Occipital Structure sensors) |
| CAP_OPENNI2_ASTRA Python: cv2.CAP_OPENNI2_ASTRA | OpenNI2 (for Orbbec Astra) |
| CAP_GPHOTO2 Python: cv2.CAP_GPHOTO2 | gPhoto2 connection |
| CAP_GSTREAMER Python: cv2.CAP_GSTREAMER | GStreamer. |
| CAP_FFMPEG Python: cv2.CAP_FFMPEG | Open and record video file or stream using the FFMPEG library. |
| CAP_IMAGES Python: cv2.CAP_IMAGES | OpenCV Image Sequence (e.g. img_%02d.jpg) |
| CAP_ARAVIS Python: cv2.CAP_ARAVIS | Aravis SDK. |
| CAP_OPENCV_MJPEG Python: cv2.CAP_OPENCV_MJPEG | Built-in OpenCV MotionJPEG codec. |
| CAP_INTEL_MFX Python: cv2.CAP_INTEL_MFX | Intel MediaSDK. |
| CAP_XINE Python: cv2.CAP_XINE | XINE engine (Linux) |
| CAP_UEYE Python: cv2.CAP_UEYE | uEye Camera API |
get
接口
virtual double cv::VideoCapture::get(int propId);
cv.VideoCapture.get(propId) -> retval
参数
propId: 属性ID号
set
原型
virtual bool cv::VideoCapture::set(int propId, double value);
cv.VideoCapture.set( propId, value ) -> retval
ID列表如下
| 属性ID号 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC | 视频文件当前的位置(ms) |
| CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES | 从0开始的视频帧号 |
| CAP_PROP_POS_AVI_RATIO Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_AVI_RATIO | 视频文件的相对位置 0开始，1结束 |
| CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH | 视频帧的宽 |
| CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT | 视频帧的高 |
| CAP_PROP_FPS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS | 帧率 |
| CAP_PROP_FOURCC Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FOURCC | 4个字符的编码代号. seeVideoWriter::fourcc . |
| CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT | 帧的数量 |
| CAP_PROP_FORMAT Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FORMAT | Mat对象的格式 (seeMat::type()) returned by VideoCapture::retrieve(). Set value -1 to fetch undecoded RAW video streams (as Mat 8UC1). |
| CAP_PROP_MODE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_MODE | 后端特定实现值指示当前捕获模式 |
| CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS | 图像的亮度值 (only for those cameras that support). |
| CAP_PROP_CONTRAST Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_CONTRAST | 图像的对比度 (only for cameras). |
| CAP_PROP_SATURATION Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_SATURATION | 图像的饱和度 (only for cameras). |
| CAP_PROP_HUE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_HUE | 图像的色调 (only for cameras). |
| CAP_PROP_GAIN Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_GAIN | 图像的增益 (only for those cameras that support). |
| CAP_PROP_EXPOSURE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_EXPOSURE | 曝光时间 (only for those cameras that support). |
| CAP_PROP_CONVERT_RGB Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_CONVERT_RGB | 布尔值表明是否必须转换RGB ``GStreamer note : The flag is ignored in case if custom pipeline is used. It’s user responsibility to interpret pipeline output. |
| CAP_PROP_WHITE_BALANCE_BLUE_U Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_WHITE_BALANCE_BLUE_U | Currently unsupported. |
| CAP_PROP_RECTIFICATION Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_RECTIFICATION | 立体相机的矫正标志 (note: only supported by DC1394 v 2.x backend currently). |
| CAP_PROP_MONOCHROME Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_MONOCHROME | |
| CAP_PROP_SHARPNESS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_SHARPNESS | |
| CAP_PROP_AUTO_EXPOSURE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUTO_EXPOSURE | DC1394: exposure control done by camera, user can adjust reference level using this feature. |
| CAP_PROP_GAMMA Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_GAMMA | |
| CAP_PROP_TEMPERATURE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_TEMPERATURE | |
| CAP_PROP_TRIGGER Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_TRIGGER | |
| CAP_PROP_TRIGGER_DELAY Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_TRIGGER_DELAY | |
| CAP_PROP_WHITE_BALANCE_RED_V Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_WHITE_BALANCE_RED_V | |
| CAP_PROP_ZOOM Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_ZOOM | |
| CAP_PROP_FOCUS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_FOCUS | |
| CAP_PROP_GUID Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_GUID | |
| CAP_PROP_ISO_SPEED Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_ISO_SPEED | |
| CAP_PROP_BACKLIGHT Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_BACKLIGHT | |
| CAP_PROP_PAN Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_PAN | |
| CAP_PROP_TILT Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_TILT | |
| CAP_PROP_ROLL Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_ROLL | |
| CAP_PROP_IRIS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_IRIS | |
| CAP_PROP_SETTINGS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_SETTINGS | Pop up video/camera filter dialog (note: only supported by DSHOW backend currently. The property value is ignored) |
| CAP_PROP_BUFFERSIZE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_BUFFERSIZE | |
| CAP_PROP_AUTOFOCUS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUTOFOCUS | |
| CAP_PROP_SAR_NUM Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_SAR_NUM | Sample aspect ratio: num/den (num) |
| CAP_PROP_SAR_DEN Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_SAR_DEN | Sample aspect ratio: num/den (den) |
| CAP_PROP_BACKEND Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_BACKEND | Current backend (enum VideoCaptureAPIs). Read-only property. |
| CAP_PROP_CHANNEL Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_CHANNEL | Video input or Channel Number (only for those cameras that support) |
| CAP_PROP_AUTO_WB Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUTO_WB | enable/ disable auto white-balance |
| CAP_PROP_WB_TEMPERATURE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_WB_TEMPERATURE | white-balance color temperature |
| CAP_PROP_CODEC_PIXEL_FORMAT Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_CODEC_PIXEL_FORMAT | (read-only) codec’s pixel format. 4-character code - seeVideoWriter::fourcc . Subset of AV_PIX_FMT_* or -1 if unknown |
| CAP_PROP_BITRATE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_BITRATE | (read-only) Video bitrate in kbits/s |
| CAP_PROP_ORIENTATION_META Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_ORIENTATION_META | (read-only) Frame rotation defined by stream meta (applicable for FFmpeg back-end only) |
| CAP_PROP_ORIENTATION_AUTO Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_ORIENTATION_AUTO | if true - rotates output frames of CvCapture considering video file’s metadata (applicable for FFmpeg back-end only) (https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/15499) |
| CAP_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION |
(open-only ) Hardware acceleration type (see VideoAccelerationType). Setting supported only via params parameter in cv::VideoCapture constructor / .open() method. Default value is backend-specific.
|
| CAP_PROP_HW_DEVICE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_HW_DEVICE | (open-only ) Hardware device index (select GPU if multiple available). Device enumeration is acceleration type specific. |
| CAP_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION_USE_OPENCL Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION_USE_OPENCL | (open-only ) If non-zero, create new OpenCL context and bind it to current thread. The OpenCL context created with Video Acceleration context attached it (if not attached yet) for optimized GPU data copy between HW accelerated decoder and cv::UMat. |
| CAP_PROP_OPEN_TIMEOUT_MSEC Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_OPEN_TIMEOUT_MSEC | (open-only ) timeout in milliseconds for opening a video capture (applicable for FFmpeg back-end only) |
| CAP_PROP_READ_TIMEOUT_MSEC Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_READ_TIMEOUT_MSEC | (open-only ) timeout in milliseconds for reading from a video capture (applicable for FFmpeg back-end only) |
| CAP_PROP_STREAM_OPEN_TIME_USEC Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_STREAM_OPEN_TIME_USEC | |
| CAP_PROP_VIDEO_TOTAL_CHANNELS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_VIDEO_TOTAL_CHANNELS | (read-only) Number of video channels |
| CAP_PROP_VIDEO_STREAM Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_VIDEO_STREAM | (open-only ) Specify video stream, 0-based index. Use -1 to disable video stream from file or IP cameras. Default value is 0. |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_STREAM Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_STREAM | (open-only ) Specify stream in multi-language media files, -1 - disable audio processing or microphone. Default value is -1. |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_POS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_POS | (read-only) Audio position is measured in samples. Accurate audio sample timestamp of previous grabbed fragment. See CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SAMPLES_PER_SECOND and CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SHIFT_NSEC. |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SHIFT_NSEC Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SHIFT_NSEC | (read only) Contains the time difference between the start of the audio stream and the video stream in nanoseconds. Positive value means that audio is started after the first video frame. Negative value means that audio is started before the first video frame. |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_DATA_DEPTH Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_DATA_DEPTH | (open, read) Alternative definition to bits-per-sample, but with clear handling of 32F / 32S |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SAMPLES_PER_SECOND Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SAMPLES_PER_SECOND | (open, read) determined from file/codec input. If not specified, then selected audio sample rate is 44100 |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_BASE_INDEX Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_BASE_INDEX | (read-only) Index of the first audio channel for .retrieve() calls. That audio channel number continues enumeration after video channels. |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_TOTAL_CHANNELS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_TOTAL_CHANNELS | (read-only) Number of audio channels in the selected audio stream (mono, stereo, etc) |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_TOTAL_STREAMS Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_TOTAL_STREAMS | (read-only) Number of audio streams. |
| CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SYNCHRONIZE Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_AUDIO_SYNCHRONIZE | (open, read) Enables audio synchronization. |
| CAP_PROP_LRF_HAS_KEY_FRAME Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_LRF_HAS_KEY_FRAME | FFmpeg back-end only - Indicates whether the Last Raw Frame (LRF), output fromVideoCapture::read() when VideoCapture is initialized with VideoCapture::open(CAP_FFMPEG, {CAP_PROP_FORMAT, -1}) or VideoCapture::set(CAP_PROP_FORMAT,-1) is called before the first call to VideoCapture::read(), contains encoded data for a key frame. |
| CAP_PROP_CODEC_EXTRADATA_INDEX Python: cv2.CAP_PROP_CODEC_EXTRADATA_INDEX |
Positive index indicates that returning extra data is supported by the video back end. This can be retrieved as cap.retrieve(data,<returned index>). E.g. When reading from a h264 encoded RTSP stream, the FFmpeg backend could return the SPS and/or PPS if available (if sent in reply to a DESCRIBE request), from calls to cap.retrieve(data, <returned index>).
|
VideoWriter
| 视频保存的属性 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_QUALITY Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_QUALITY | Current quality (0…100%) of the encoded videostream. Can be adjusted dynamically in some codecs. |
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_FRAMEBYTES Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_FRAMEBYTES | (Read-only): Size of just encoded video frame. Note that the encoding order may be different from representation order. |
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_NSTRIPES Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_NSTRIPES | Number of stripes for parallel encoding. -1 for auto detection. |
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_IS_COLOR Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_IS_COLOR | If it is not zero, the encoder will expect and encode color frames, otherwise it will work with grayscale frames. |
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_DEPTH Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_DEPTH | Defaults to CV_8U. |
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION |
(open-only ) Hardware acceleration type (see VideoAccelerationType). Setting supported only via params parameter in VideoWriter constructor / .open() method. Default value is backend-specific.
|
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_HW_DEVICE Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_HW_DEVICE | (open-only ) Hardware device index (select GPU if multiple available). Device enumeration is acceleration type specific. |
| VIDEOWRITER_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION_USE_OPENCL Python: cv2.VIDEOWRITER_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION_USE_OPENCL | (open-only ) If non-zero, create new OpenCL context and bind it to current thread. The OpenCL context created with Video Acceleration context attached it (if not attached yet) for optimized GPU data copy between cv::UMat and HW accelerated encoder. |
扩展信息
其他信息请参考 OpenCV 官网教程
有些后端是系统库，有些是OpenCV自带的，也有的是外部的。
运行时选择后端API
OpenCV 会自动选择第一个可用的 API（apiPreference=cv::CAP_ANY） 也可以选择API，如
//declare a capture object
cv::VideoCapture cap(filename, cv::CAP_MSMF);//or specify the apiPreference with open
cap.open(filename, cv::CAP_MSMF);
使能后端API
- 打开对应的
CMake选项, e.g.-DWITH_GSTREAMER=ON - 重新编译
OpenCV
第三方驱动和相机
大部分的工业场景下，有很多厂商有自己的 API接口，并没有集成到 OpenCV里，我们有一个折中的方案是将他们的数据放到内存中，整理成 MAT格式，然后用 OpenCV读取和使用。
FFmpeg
OpenCV 可以使用 FFmpeg 库进行录制和转换音视频。如果需要运行时使用 FFmpeg, 那么发布的时候要一起发布 FFmpeg 库。
【参考】
- https://docs.opencv.org/4.5.5/d8/dfe/classcv_1_1VideoCapture.html#a4576e03f447abfdbd602c0809824ec03
- https://docs.opencv.org/4.5.5/d0/da7/videoio_overview.html
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