简介

这两天一直在研究xtts(跨平台表空间迁移的方法),因为一是网上的资源不是很多,二是个人感觉这是个很实用的迁移技巧。下面就和大家来分享一下我个人做的测试过程吧。

1、搭建测试环境

跨平台表空间迁移过程    (参考文档官方1389592.1)

--过程主要分为四个部分

1、初始化阶段

2、准备阶段

3、增量备份前滚阶段

4、运输或叫迁移阶段

Phase 1 - 初始化安装

Step 1.1 - 在目标端安装数据库软件,并且创建target数据库。强烈建议使用11.2.0.4或之后的版本

Step 1.2 - 如果需要可以配置一个增量转换home和实例

a、如果软件是11.2.0.4可以忽略这步

b、如果数据库软件时11.2.0.3或是更低,你必须安装一个新的11.2.0.4的数据库软件home,作为增量转换home路径,并且仅启动一个11.2.0.4的实例到nomount状态(数据库可以不用创建)

--为了简化难度,我的测试环境都用的是64位linux,并且数据库版本也是11.2.0.4.0

(大家只注意操作步奏就好),就只要在目标端建好实例就行了。

Step 1.3 -选取要传送的表空间,测试源端用的TEST表空间

--测试里我分别搭建源和目标数据库起名为source、target

source:数据库实例tx9ab,创建表空间test;

创建用户tx9ab,dba权限默认tablespace为test;

创建测试用表 xttstest,并插入一条数据。

target:创建数据库实例tx9ab,并且迁移过程中实例保持open;

创建用户tx9ab,dba权限。

SQL> create tablespace test datafile '/space/oradata/tx9ab/test01.dbf' size 10m aotuextend on;

SQL> create user tx9ab identified by tx9ab default tablespace test;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource,select any table to tx9ab;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn tx9ab/tx9ab

Connected.

SQL> create table xttstest(a number);

Table created.

SQL> select * from xttstest;

A

----------

100

SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users where username='TX9AB'; --查看用户默认的表空间;

USERNAME                       DEFAULT_TABLESPACE

------------------------------ ------------------------------

TX9AB                          TEST

--查看各个系统平台信息

SQL> col platform_name for a32

SQL> select * from v$transportable_platform;

PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME                    ENDIAN_FORMAT

----------- -------------------------------- --------------

1 Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)          Big

2 Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)          Big

7 Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)    Little

10 Linux IA (32-bit)                Little

6 AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)       Big

3 HP-UX (64-bit)                   Big

5 HP Tru64 UNIX                    Little

4 HP-UX IA (64-bit)                Big

11 Linux IA (64-bit)                Little

15 HP Open VMS                      Little

8 Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)    Little

PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME                    ENDIAN_FORMAT

----------- -------------------------------- --------------

9 IBM zSeries Based Linux          Big

13 Linux x86 64-bit                 Little

16 Apple Mac OS                     Big

12 Microsoft Windows x86 64-bit     Little

17 Solaris Operating System (x86)   Little

18 IBM Power Based Linux            Big

19 HP IA Open VMS                   Little

20 Solaris Operating System (x86-64 Little

)

21 Apple Mac OS (x86-64)            Little

20 rows selected.

Step 1.4 -使用RMAN backup(略)

Step 1.5-创建一个转换过程的路径

-在源和目标系统中创建数据转换路径,相关参数定义在xtt.properties文件中:backupformat, backupondest。如果使用RMAN backups则还要设置

dfcopydir, stageondest。

Step 1.6 -在源端安装xttconvert脚本

-下载并解压rman-xttconvert_2.0.zip

测试解压/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts下

Step 1.7 -在源端配置xtt.properties

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ more xtt.properties

tablespaces=TEST

platformid=13

dfcopydir=/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/dfcopydir

backupformat=/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup

stageondest=/space/oradata/tx9ab

storageondest=/space/oradata/tx9ab/test

backupondest=/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup

Step 1.8 -将xttconvert脚本拷贝到目标端的相同位置下

--这步省了

Step 1.9 - Set TMPDIR

-告诉系统xttconvert脚本所在的位置

[oracle@single01 ~]$ export TMPDIR=/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts

Phase 2 - Prepare Phase

Phase 2A - Prepare Phase for dbms_file_transfer Method

Phase 2B - Prepare Phase for RMAN Backup Method

Step 2B.1 - 源端调用xttdriver.pl做迁移准备

[oracle@single01 xtts_scripts]$ $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl xttdriver.pl -p

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Starting prepare phase

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

'TEST'  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for 'TEST' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:21 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:22 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:30 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:31 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:31 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:31 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:32 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:32 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:32 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:32 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:33 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:33 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:33 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:33 2015

Prepare source for Tablespaces:

''  /space/oradata/tx9ab

xttpreparesrc.sql for '' started at Thu Sep 17 13:54:34 2015

xttpreparesrc.sql for  ended at Thu Sep 17 13:54:34 2015

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done with prepare phase

--------------------------------------------------------------------

在源端该准备脚本做这样几件事:

1、创建要钱仪表空间中的数据文件的拷贝并将它们搬到 xtt.properties文件中定义的dfcopydir路径下。

2、验证表空间是否在线, 是否为读写模式, 并且不包含下线的数据文件。

3、在TMPDIR下还会生成以下文件:

a、xttplan.txt

b、rmanconvert.cmd

Step 2B.2 -将源端的数据文件,传到目标端

拷贝source:/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/dfcopydir/TEST_6.tf  --->  target: /space/oradata/tx9ab

Step 2B.3 -在目标端对来自源端的数据文件拷贝进行转换

拷贝source:/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts/rmanconvert.cmd---> target:/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts/rmanconvert.cmd

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ export TMPDIR=/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ /space/sys_software/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl xttdriver.pl -c

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Performing convert

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Converted datafiles listed in: /space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts/xttnewdatafiles.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------

-转换后的数据文件拷贝会出现在 xtt.properties文件中定义的参数storageondest下。这时在目标的/space/oradata/tx9ab/test/下会生成一个TEST_6.xtf经转换后的数据文件拷贝。

Phase 3 - Roll Forward Phase

在源端创造增量数据、做增量备份,然后传到目标端的, 在目标端对传过来的增量备份进行格式转换后,将增量数据应用到数据文件备份上。这个过程是可以多次重复的,这样备库上的数据文件拷贝,通过一次次应用增量数据就可以逐渐追上源库的生产数据。

创建增量数据

SQL> update xttstest set a=200;

SQL> commit;

SQL> select * from xttstest;

A

----------

200

Step 3.1 -源端对表空间进行增量备份

这里必须注意:在最后一次对源库进行增量备份以前,要把源库要迁移的表空间设为只读,不然以后目标端导入表空间元组时一定会报错的!!!

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter tablespace test read only;

Tablespace altered.

[oracle@single01 xtts_scripts]$ $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl xttdriver.pl -i

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Backup incremental

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: 'TEST'

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

Prepare newscn for Tablespaces: ''

rman target /  cmdfile /space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts/rmanincr.cmd

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 17 15:47:40 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: TX9AB (DBID=390378578)

RMAN> set nocfau;

2> host 'echo ts::TEST';

3> backup incremental from scn 1120971

4>   tag tts_incr_update tablespace 'TEST'  format

5>  '/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/%U';

6>

executing command: SET NOCFAU

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

ts::TEST

host command complete

Starting backup at 17-SEP-2015 15:47:41

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=41 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=38 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=43 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4

channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=44 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00006 name=/space/oradata/tx9ab/test01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 17-SEP-2015 15:47:42

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 17-SEP-2015 15:47:43

piece handle=/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/0fqhd10u_1_1 tag=TTS_INCR_UPDATE comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 17-SEP-2015 15:47:43

Recovery Manager complete.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done backing up incrementals

--------------------------------------------------------------------

上面的操作还会在TMPDIR目录下产生以下的文件

1、tsbkupmap.txt

2、incrbackups.txt

[oracle@single01 xtts_scripts]$ ls -trl

total 172

-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall    52 May 22 08:30 xttstartupnomount.sql

-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 11549 May 22 08:30 xttprep.tmpl

-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 91722 May 22 08:30 xttdriver.pl

-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall    71 May 22 08:30 xttdbopen.sql

-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  1390 May 22 08:30 xttcnvrtbkupdest.sql

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   354 Sep 17 11:01 xtt.properties

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    18 Sep 17 13:54 xttplan.txt

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   181 Sep 17 13:54 rmanconvert.cmd

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 11657 Sep 17 13:54 xttpreparesrc.sql

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    20 Sep 17 15:47 xttplan.txt.new

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     0 Sep 17 15:47 xttprepare.cmd

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 11592 Sep 17 15:47 xttdetnewfromscnsrc.sql

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   169 Sep 17 15:47 rmanincr.cmd

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    25 Sep 17 15:47 tsbkupmap.txt

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    56 Sep 17 15:47 incrbackups.txt

Step 3.2 -将增量备份和新生文件上传至目标端(略)

Step 3.3 -在源端对刚传过来的增量备份进行转换和应用

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ perl xttdriver.pl -r

################################## 前面报的错 ##################################

ERROR IN CONVERSION ORA-19624: operation failed, retry possible

ORA-19505:

failed to identify file "/space/oradata/tx9ab/0gqhs56u_1_1"

ORA-27037: unable to

obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional

information: 3

ORA-19600: input file is backup piece

(/space/oradata/tx9ab/0gqhs56u_1_1)

ORA-19601: output file is backup piece

(/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/xib_0gqhs56u_1_1_6)

CONVERTED BACKUP

PIECE/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/xib_0gqhs56u_1_1_6

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Error:

------

/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts/xxttconv_0gqhs56u_1_1_6.sql execution failed

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

--发现是路径的问题!!!!!!!!!

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ cp /space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/0gqhs56u_1_1 /space/oradata/tx9ab/0gqhs56u_1_1

--修改备份的路径再次尝试

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ perl xttdriver.pl -r

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Key: backupondest

Values: /space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup

Key: platformid

Values: 13

Key: backupformat

Values: /space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup

Key: storageondest

Values: /space/oradata/tx9ab/test

Key: dfcopydir

Values: /space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/dfcopydir

Key: cnvinst_home

Values: /space/sys_software/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1

Key: cnvinst_sid

Values: tx9ab

Key: stageondest

Values: /space/oradata/tx9ab

Key: tablespaces

Values: TEST

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done parsing properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

ARGUMENT tablespaces

ARGUMENT platformid

ARGUMENT backupformat

ARGUMENT stageondest

ARGUMENT backupondest

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Done checking properties

--------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID  : tx9ab

ORACLE_HOME : /space/sys_software/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Start rollforward

--------------------------------------------------------------------

convert instance: /space/sys_software/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1

convert instance: tx9ab

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  217157632 bytes

Fixed Size                  2251816 bytes

Variable Size             159384536 bytes

Database Buffers           50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers                5189632 bytes

rdfno 6

BEFORE ROLLPLAN

datafile number : 6

datafile name   : /space/oradata/tx9ab/test/TEST_6.xtf

AFTER ROLLPLAN

CONVERTED BACKUP

PIECE/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/xib_0gqhs56u_1_1_6

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Entering RollForward

After applySetDataFile

Done: applyDataFileTo

Done: applyDataFileTo

Done: RestoreSetPiece

Done: RestoreBackupPiece

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

End of rollforward phase

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Phase 4 - Transport Phase

-源端导出要迁移的表空间的Metadata

exp \'/ as sysdba\' tablespaces=test transport_tablespace=y file=/space/sys_software/oracle/xtts_dir/backup/test_xtts.dmp

由于,我前面有且只做了一次增量数据的备份和前滚应用,这里在目标库直接导入表空间的Metadata就可以完成xtts(虽然我这里的环境是一样的

)

--在目标导入迁移的表空间的Metadata

[oracle@tx9ab xtts_scripts]$ imp \'/ as sysdba\' tablespaces=test transport_tablespace=y file=/space/sys_software/oracle/scripts/xtts_scripts/test_xtts.dmp datafiles=/space/oradata/tx9ab/test/TEST_6.xtf

Import: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Sep 23 23:07:00 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

About to import transportable tablespace(s) metadata...

import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

. importing TX9AB's objects into TX9AB

. . importing table                     "XTTSTEST"

. importing SYS's objects into SYS

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

--查看源端、目标端的数据一致性

[oracle@tx9ab dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Sep 23 23:07:38 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from tx9ab.XTTSTEST;

A

----------

200

--End

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