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1、MIMO 学习心得 -Ellen wangLTE的7个传输模式中6 个分别应用了四种MIMO技术方案：传输分集(TD)，波束赋型(Beamforming)，空间复用(SM)，多用户MIMO(MU-MIMO)：1. 为普通单天线传输模式。 2. TransmitDiversity 模式：分2发送天线的SFBC，和4发送天线的SFBC+FSTD两种方案。2发送天线的SFBC : SFBC是由STBC(Space Time Block Code)演变而来，由于OFDM一个slot的符号数为奇数，因此不适于使用STBC，但频域资源是以RB=12个子载波来分配的，因此可以用连续两个子载波来代替连续两个时。

2、域符号，从而组成SFBC。而当使用4发送天线时，SFBC+FSTD(Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity)被采用。 3. SM-open loop，UE仅仅反馈信道的RI(Rank Indicator)。此时基站会使用CDD(Cycle Delay Diversity)技术。 4. SM-close loop，UE根据信道估计的结果反馈合适的PMI(Precoding Matrix Indicator)。(如利用系统容量最大计算合适的PMI) 5. MU-MIMO，该方案将相同的时频资源通过空分，分配给不同的用户。 6. close loop rank1S。

3、M or BF，UE反馈信道信息使得基站选择合适的Precoding。 7. UE Special RSBF，和BeamForming的前一种方式不同，这种方式无需UE反馈信道信息，而是基站通过上行信号进行方向估计，并在下行信号中插入UE Special RS。基站可以让UE汇报UE Special RS估计出的CQI。 空间复用是为了提高传输数据数量，基于多码字的同时传输，即多个相互独立的数据流通过映射到不同的层，再由不同的天线发送出去。码字数量与天线数量未必一致。(当然天线数量码字数量)。传输分集主要用于提高信号传输的可靠性，例如采用空时编码(STC)、循环延时分集(CDD)及天线切换分集。

4、等，LTE中用的比较多的是SFBC编码。传输分集(TM2)用来提高信号传输的可靠性，主要是针对小区边缘用户，TM3，TM4主要是针对小区中央的用户，提高峰值速率。MU-MIMO是为了提高吞吐量，用于小区中的业务密集区。TM6，TM7是用于增强小区覆盖，也是用于边缘用户。不过6是针对FDD，7是针对TDD而已。在学习理解MIMO之前，需要理解几个基本概念：1. codeword: 相当于TranportBlock, 即物理层需要传输的原始数据块. LTE可支持在同一块资源同时传输2个相对独立的codeword，这是通过空间复用(SM)技术实现的。 2. layer：数据被分为不同layer进行传。

5、输，layer总数=天线个数。和信道矩阵的rank是对应的。相当于空分的维度。 3. rank：相当于总的layer数。 4. atenna port：其实并不等同于天线个数，而是相当于不同的信道估计参考信号pattern。对端口03，确实对应多天线时，RS的发送pattern；对于端口4，对应于PMCH，MBSFN情况的RS；对于端口5，对应于UE Special RS。 TDD-LTE中支持的传输模式使用的DCI format 。在每一种模式中都可以通过改变DCI format切换到发射分集模式(TM2)，并且TM3、TM4 模式下，也支持在不改变DCI format的情况下从空分复用切换。

6、到发射分集模式(TM2)，这时需要通过在DCI format中的precoding information field 来指示所使用的precoding matrix vector。From 36.213 Table 7.1-5Table 7.1-5: PDCCH and PDSCH configured by C-RNTIMode 2DCI format 1ACommon andUE specific by C-RNTITransmit diversity (see subclause 7.1.2)DCI format 1UE specific by C-RNTITransmit diver。

7、sity (see subclause 7.1.2)Mode 3DCI format 1ACommon andUE specific by C-RNTITransmit diversity (see subclause 7.1.2)DCI format 2AUE specific by C-RNTILarge delay CDD (see subclause 7.1.3) or Transmit diversity (see subclause 7.1.2)Mode 4DCI format 1ACommon andUE specific by C-RNTITransmit diversity 。

8、(see subclause 7.1.2)DCI format 2UE specific by C-RNTIClosed-loop spatial multiplexing (see subclause 7.1.4)or Transmit diversity (see subclause 7.1.2)Mode 7DCI format 1ACommon andUE specific by C-RNTIIf the number of PBCH antenna ports is one, Single-antenna port, port 0 is used (see subclause 7.1.。

9、1), otherwise Transmit diversity (see subclause 7.1.2)DCI format 1UE specific by C-RNTISingle-antenna port; port 5 (see subclause 7.1.1)PDSCH process flow:Layer mappingNow codeword-to-layer mapping support 3 types:1. Layer mapping for transmission on a single antenna port1 codeword-to-1 layer2. Laye。

10、r mapping for spatial multiplexing2 antenna ports:1) 1 codeword-to-1 layer 2) 2 codewords-to-2 layers 4 antenna ports:1) 1 codeword-to-1 layer 2) 1 codeword-to-2 layers 3) 2 codewords-to-2 layers 4) 2 codewords-to-3 layers 5) 2 codewords-to-4 layers Table 6.3.3.2-1: Codeword-to-layer mapping for spa。

11、tial multiplexing.Number of layersNumber of codewordsCodeword-to-layer mapping11222132423. Layer mapping for transmit diversity 1 codeword-to-2 layers (2 antenna ports)1 codeword-to-4 layers (4 antenna ports)Table 6.3.3.3-1: Codeword-to-layer mapping for transmit diversity.Number of layersNumber of 。

12、codewordsCodeword-to-layer mapping2141If two null symbols shall be appended to PrecondingNow precoding support 3 types:1. Precoding for transmission on a single antenna port2. Precoding for transmit diversity3. Precoding without CDD- Closed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme(TM4)4. Precoding for large。

13、 delay CDD - Large delay CDD scheme(TM3 )and can get from below table according to different layer Table 6.3.4.2.2-1: Large-delay cyclic delay diversity.Number of layers 234For can selected from codebook defined in 36.211 Table 6.3.4.2.3-1.Table 6.3.4.2.3-1: Codebook for transmission on antenna port。

14、s .Codebook indexNumber of layers 120123-PMIUE will report the suggested codebook index by PMI and eNB will send the codebook info which eNB will use for PDSCH by DCI.For different transmission mode, the PMI will use different number of bits.Table 7.2-1b: Number of bits in codebook subset restrictio。

15、n bitmap for applicable transmission modes.Number of bits 2 antenna ports4 antenna portsTransmission mode 324Transmission mode 4664Transmission mode 5416Transmission mode 6416Transmission mode 8632Transmission mode 3:PMI will use 2 bits- For 2 antenna ports: means 2 layers -codebook index 0 -means 1。

16、 layer - codebook index 0 -means transmit diversityTransmission mode 4:PMI will use 6 bits- For 2 antenna ports, defined in 36.211 Table 7.2-1c:means 1 layer -codebook index 0-means 1 layer -codebook index 1-means 1 layer -codebook index 2-means 1 layer -codebook index 3-means 2 layers -codebook ind。

17、ex 1-means 2 layers -codebook index 2-Table 7.2-1c: Association of bits in codebookSubSetRestriction bitmap to precoders in the 2 antenna port codebook of Table 6.3.4.2.3-1 in 3.Codebook index Number of layers 120a0-1a1a42a2a53a3-Precoding info in DCIeNB will send the precoding info in DCI format 2/。

18、2A.Transmission mode 3:DCI format 2A:Precoding information number of bits as specified in Table 5.3.3.1.5A-1For antenna ports 2, the precoding information field is not present.Table 5.3.3.1.5A-1: Number of bits for precoding information.Number of antenna ports at eNodeBNumber of bits for precoding i。

19、nformation2042The number of transmission layers is equal to 2 if both codewords are enabled; transmit diversity is used if codeword 0 is enabled while codeword 1 is disabled. But the PDCCH format will use DCI format 2A no matter spatial multiplexing or transmit diversity.Transmission mode 4:DCI form。

20、at 2:Precoding information number of bits as specified in Table 5.3.3.1.5-3(36.212)Table 5.3.3.1.5-3: Number of bits for precoding information.Number of antenna ports at eNodeBNumber of bits for precoding information2346For antenna ports 2, there are 3 bits for precoding information, detail info see。

21、 below table:Precoding info bit field mapped to index:For 2 layers:Precoding info codebook index 0 0 -means 2 layers precoding matrix 1 1 -means 2 layers precoding matrix 2 X -means 2 layers precoding matrix used the latest PMI report on PUSCH, using the precoder(s) indicated by the reported PMI(s)F。

22、or 1 layer:Precoding info codebook index 0 0 -means 2 layers: Transmit diversity1 1 -means 1 layer precoding matrix 2 2 -means 1 layer precoding matrix3 3 -means 1 layer precoding matrix 4 4 -means 1 layer precoding matrix 5 X -means 1 layer precoding matrix will use the latestPMI report on PUSCH, u。

23、sing the precoder(s) indicated by the reported PMI(s),if RI=2 was reported, using 1st column multiplied by of all precoders implied by the reported PMI(s)6 X -means 1 layer precoding matrix will use the latestPMI report on PUSCH, using the precoder(s) indicated by the reported PMI(s),if RI=2 was rep。

24、orted, using 2nd column multiplied by of all precoders implied by the reported PMI(s)36.212 Table 5.3.3.1.5-4: Content of precoding information field for 2 antenna ports.One codeword: Codeword 0 enabled, Codeword 1 disabledTwo codewords: Codeword 0 enabled, Codeword 1 enabledBit field mapped to inde。

25、xMessageBit field mapped to indexMessage02 layers: Transmit diversity02 layers: Precoding corresponding to precoder matrix 11 layer: Precoding corresponding to precoding vector 12 layers: Precoding corresponding to precoder matrix 21 layer: Precoding corresponding to precoder vector 22 layers: Preco。

26、ding according to the latest PMI report on PUSCH, using the precoder(s) indicated by the reported PMI(s)31 layer: Precoding corresponding to precoder vector 3reserved41 layer: Precoding corresponding to precoder vector 4reserved51 layer: Precoding according to the latest PMI report on PUSCH, using t。

27、he precoder(s) indicated by the reported PMI(s),if RI=2 was reported, using 1st column multiplied by of all precoders implied by the reported PMI(s)5reservedTM7 mode:For transmission mode 7 , can support one port and two ports .NumAntennaPort = 1tansmissionMode = TM7DCI 1 -port 5-beamformingCell-RS 。

28、-port 0 D-RS -port 5/NumAntennaPort = 2tansmissionMode = TM7DCI 1 - port 5- BeamformingCell-RS -port 0, port 1 D-RS -port 5/For beamforming ,the PDSCH will use port5 ,and no mater RRU has 2 or 4 or 8 physical antenna , Baseband will send the same signal in all these physical antennas, just every ant。

29、enna has different phase and amplitude. So in this mode, RRU has no primary and secondary antenna .And for NumAntennaPort =1 and NumAntennaPort =2, the beamforming the main difference is for Cell-RS ,When NumAntennaPort =1, Cell-RS is sending on port 0When NumAntennaPort =2, Cell-RS is sending on po。

30、rt 0 and port 1.This difference will just impact the RE which used for PDSCH data./Under TM7 mode, can support beamforming and transmit diversity using different DCI format .DCI 1 for beamforming and DCI 1A for transmit diversity.NumAntennaPort = 1tansmissionMode = TM7DCI 1A -port 0-single-antenna port, port 0Cell-RS -port 0This mode is just like TM1 /NumAntennaPort = 2tansmissionMode = TM7DCI 1A -port 0, port1 -transmit diversityCell-RS -port 0, port 1This mode is just like TM2。