1.横坐标设置时间格式

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.dates as mdates

# 配置横坐标为日期格式

plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%Y/%m/%d'))

plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.DayLocator())

例子:

from datetime import datetime

import matplotlib.dates as mdates

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 生成横纵坐标信息

dates = ['01/02/1991', '01/03/1991', '01/04/1991']

xs = [datetime.strptime(d, '%m/%d/%Y').date() for d in dates]

ys = range(len(xs))

# 配置横坐标

plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%m/%d/%Y'))

plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.DayLocator())

# Plot

plt.plot(xs, ys)

plt.gcf().autofmt_xdate() # 自动旋转日期标记

plt.show()

2.设置日期坐标轴主副刻度值

所有坐标轴日期格式类型

MinuteLocator: locate minutes(f)

HourLocator: locate hours

DayLocator: locate specified days of the month

WeekdayLocator: Locate days of the week, e.g., MO, TU

MonthLocator: locate months, e.g., 7 for july

YearLocator: locate years that are multiples of base

RRuleLocator: locate using a matplotlib.dates.rrulewrapper. The rrulewrapper is a simple wrapper around adateutil.rrule (dateutil) which allow almost arbitrary date tick specifications. See rrule example.

AutoDateLocator: On autoscale, this class picks the best MultipleDateLocator to set the view limits and the tick locations.

(1)获取坐标轴日期格式类型

from matplotlib.dates import DateFormatter, WeekdayLocator, DayLocator, MONDAY,YEARLY

#获取每月一日数据

monthdays = MonthLocator()

#获取每周一的日期数据

mondays = WeekdayLocator(MONDAY)

#获取每日数据

alldays = DayLocator()

# import constants for the days of the week

from matplotlib.dates import MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU

# tick on mondays every week

loc = WeekdayLocator(byweekday=MO, tz=tz)

# tick on mondays and saturdays

loc = WeekdayLocator(byweekday=(MO, SA))

# tick on mondays every second week

loc = WeekdayLocator(byweekday=MO, interval=2)

# tick every 5th easter(每隔5个选1个)

rule = rrulewrapper(YEARLY, byeaster=1, interval=5)

loc = RRuleLocator(rule)

(2)设置坐标轴日期格式

#设置主副刻度

ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mondays)ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(alldays)

#设置坐标轴刻度标签格式

mondayFormatter = DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d') # 如：2-29-2015dayFormatter = DateFormatter('%d') # 如：12ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mondayFormatter)

#字符串旋转

for label in ax1.get_xticklabels(): label.set_rotation(30) label.set_horizontalalignment('right')

(3)例子

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import matplotlib.dates as mdates

from datetime import datetime

#销售数据

dates=[20171101,20171102,20171103,20171104]

sales=[102.1,100.6,849,682]

#将dates改成日期格式

x= [datetime.strptime(str(d), '%Y%m%d').date() for d in dates]

#figure布局

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))

ax1=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)

#绘图

ax1.plot(x,y,ls='--',lw=3,color='b',marker='o',ms=6, mec='r',mew=2, mfc='w',label='业绩趋势走向')

plt.gcf().autofmt_xdate() # 自动旋转日期标记

#设置x轴主刻度格式

alldays = mdates.DayLocator() #主刻度为每天

ax1.xaxis.set_major_locator(alldays) #设置主刻度

ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%Y%m%d'))

#设置副刻度格式

hoursLoc = mpl.dates.HourLocator(interval=6) #为6小时为1副刻度

ax1.xaxis.set_minor_locator(hoursLoc)

ax1.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%H'))

#参数pad用于设置刻度线与标签间的距离

ax1.tick_params(pad=10)

#显示图像

plt.show()

3.设置日期时间刻度值

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import matplotlib as mpl

import datetime as dt

fig = plt.figure()

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212)

date2_1 = dt.datetime(2008,9,23)

date2_2 = dt.datetime(2008,10,3)

delta2 = dt.timedelta(days=1)

dates2 = mpl.dates.drange(date2_1, date2_2, delta2)

y2 = np.random.rand(len(dates2))

ax2.plot_date(dates2, y2, linestyle='-')

dateFmt = mpl.dates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d')

ax2.xaxis.set_major_formatter(dateFmt)

daysLoc = mpl.dates.DayLocator()

hoursLoc = mpl.dates.HourLocator(interval=6)

ax2.xaxis.set_major_locator(daysLoc)

ax2.xaxis.set_minor_locator(hoursLoc)

fig.autofmt_xdate(bottom=0.18)

fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.18)

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211)

date1_1 = dt.datetime(2008, 9, 23)

date1_2 = dt.datetime(2009, 2, 16)

delta1 = dt.timedelta(days=10)

dates1 = mpl.dates.drange(date1_1, date1_2, delta1)

y1 = np.random.rand(len(dates1))

ax1.plot_date(dates1, y1, linestyle='--')

monthsLoc = mpl.dates.MonthLocator()

weeksLoc = mpl.dates.WeekdayLocator()

ax1.xaxis.set_major_locator(monthsLoc)

ax1.xaxis.set_minor_locator(weeksLoc)

monthsFmt = mpl.dates.DateFormatter('%b')

ax1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(monthsFmt)

plt.show()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。