Page Object是Selenium自动化测试项目开发实践的最佳设计模式之一，通过对界面元素的封装减少冗余代码，同时在后期维护中，若元素定位发生变化，只需要调整页面元素封装的代码，提高测试用例的可维护性。

　　本项目以163邮箱登录为例，163登录脚本（非PO模式）请查看博客中的随笔信息。

1、项目目录结构及相关介绍

test_programe 测试项目

• driver：用于存放驱动
• mail:用于存放163登录项目的测试用例、测试报告以及测试数据等
• run_all_test.py:用于运行项目自动化用例

mail目录

• data:存放测试数据
• report：存放HTML测试不报告，其中该目录下的image目录用于存放测试过程中的截图
• test_case:用于存放测试用例

test_case目录

• model:存放配置函数及公共类
• page_object：用于存放页面对象
• login_case.py：测试对象用例

2、编写公共模块：

编写驱动文件...\test_programe\mail\test_case\model\driver.py

1 from selenium.webdriver importRemote2 from selenium importwebdriver3 #启动浏览器驱动
4 defbrowser():5     driver =webdriver.Chrome()6     '''
7 #可以启动到远程主机中，运行自动化测试8 host = '127.0.0.1:4444' #运行主机：端口号（本机默认：127.0.0.1:4444）9 dc = {'browserName': 'chrome'}  #指定浏览器10 driver = Remote(command_execute='http://' + host + '/wd/hub',11 desired_capabilities=dc)12     '''
13     returndriver14 '''
15 #用于测试该脚本是否有效16 if __name__ == '__main__':17 dr = browser()18 '''

编写测试公共类...\test_programe\mail\test_case\model\myunit.py

from time importsleepfrom .function importinsert_imgimportunittestfrom .driver importbrowserclassMyTest(unittest.TestCase):defsetUp(self):self.driver=browser()self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)self.driver.maximize_window()deftearDown(self):self.driver.quit()

定义截图函数...\test_programe\mail\test_case\model\function.py

1 from selenium importwebdriver2 importos3 #截图函数
4 definsert_img(driver, file_name):5     base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))6     #print(base_dir)
7     base_dir =str(base_dir)8     #print(base_dir)
9     base_dir = base_dir.replace('\\','/')10     #print(base_dir)
11     base = base_dir.split('/mail')[0]12     #print(base)
13     file_path = base + '/mail/report/image/' +file_name14 driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_path)15
16 '''
17 #用于验证该脚本是否有效18 if __name__ == '__main__':19 driver = webdriver.Chrome()20 driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')21 insert_img(driver, 'baidu.jpg')22 driver.quit()23 '''

3、编写Page Object

创建基础类...\test_programe\mail\test_case\page_object\base.py

1 from selenium importwebdriver2 from selenium.webdriver.common.by importBy3 from time importsleep4 importunittest5 #基本层
6 classBase(object):7
8
9     def __init__(self, driver, base_url = 'http://mail.163.com'):10         self.driver =driver11         self.base_url =base_url12         self.timeout = 30
13
14     def_open(self, url):15         url_ = self.base_url +url16         #print(url_)
17 self.driver.maximize_window()18 self.driver.get(url_)19         sleep(2)20         assert self.driver.current_url == url_, 'Did ont land on %s' %url_21
22     defopen(self):23 self._open(self.url)24
25     #*参数个数不是固定的（By.ID, 'kw'）
26     def find_element(self, *loc):27         return self.driver.find_element(*loc)28
29     defiframe(self, iframeid):30         returnself.driver.switch_to.frame(iframeid)31
32     defiframe_out(self):33         returnself.driver.switch_to.default_content()34
35     

创建163邮箱登录对象类...\test_programe\mail\test_case\page_object\login_page.py

1 from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains importActionChains2 from selenium.webdriver.common.by importBy3 from time importsleep4 from .base importBase5
6 #页面对象（PO）登录页面
7 classLoginPage(Base):8     url = '/'
9     login_iframe_loc = 'x-URS-iframe'
10     login_username_text_loc = (By.NAME, 'email')11     login_password_text_loc = (By.NAME, 'password')12     login_button_loc = (By.ID, 'dologin')13     login_erro_hint_loc = (By.CLASS_NAME, 'ferrorhead')14
15     #把每一个元素封装成一个方法
16     deflogin_iframe(self):17 self.iframe(self.login_iframe_loc)18
19     deflogin_iframe_out(self):20 self.iframe_out()21
22     deflogin_username(self, text):23         self.find_element(*self.login_username_text_loc).send_keys(text)24
25     deflogin_password(self, text):26         self.find_element(*self.login_password_text_loc).send_keys(text)27
28     deflogin_button(self):29         self.find_element(*self.login_button_loc).click()30
31     deflogin_error_hint(self):32 self.login_iframe()33         return self.find_element(*self.login_erro_hint_loc).text34 self.login_iframe_out()35
36     deflogin_action(self, username, password):37 self.login_iframe()38 self.login_username(username)39 self.login_password(password)40 self.login_button()41         self.login_iframe_out()

创建163邮箱登录成功后对象类...\test_programe\mail\test_case\page_object\mail_page.py

1 from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains importActionChains2 from selenium.webdriver.common.by importBy3 from time importsleep4 from .base importBase5
6 classMailPage(Base):7     url = '/'
8     login_success_user_loc = (By.ID, 'spnUid')9
10     deflogin_success_user(self):11         return self.find_element(*self.login_success_user_loc).text

4、编写测试用例

创建mail登录类...\test_programe\mail\test_case\login_case.py

1 from time importsleep2 importunittest, random, sys3 from model importmyunit, function4 from page_object.login_page importLoginPage5 from page_object.mail_page importMailPage6 sys.path.append('./model')7 sys.path.append('./page_obj')8
9 classLoginTest(myunit.MyTest):10
11     deftest_login_user_pwd_null(self):12         '''用户名、密码为空登录'''
13         po =LoginPage(self.driver)14 po.open()15         po.login_action('','')16         sleep(2)17         self.assertEqual(po.login_error_hint(),'请输入帐号')18         function.insert_img(self.driver, 'user_pwd_null.jpg')19
20     deftest_login_pwd_null(self):21         '''密码为空登录'''
22         po =LoginPage(self.driver)23 po.open()24         po.login_action('abc','')25         sleep(2)26         self.assertEqual(po.login_error_hint(),'请输入密码')27         function.insert_img(self.driver, 'pwd_null.jpg')28
29     deftest_login_user_pwd_error(self):30         '''用户名或密码错误'''
31         po =LoginPage(self.driver)32 po.open()33         character = random.choice('zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba')34         username = "test" +character35         po.login_action(username,"$#%#")36         sleep(2)37         #print(po.login_error_hint())
38         self.assertEqual(po.login_error_hint(),'帐号或密码错误')39         function.insert_img(self.driver, "user_pwd_error.jpg")40
41     deftest_login_success(self):42         '''用户名、密码正确,登录成功'''
43         po =LoginPage(self.driver)44 po.open()45         user = "ldq791918813"
46         po.login_action(user,"xiuxiu060801zhu")47         sleep(2)48         po2 =MailPage(self.driver)49         #print(po2.login_success_user())
50         self.assertEqual(po2.login_success_user(),user+"@163.com")51         function.insert_img(self.driver, "success.jpg")

5、执行测试用例

创建用例执行代码...\test_programe\

1 importunittest, time2 from HTMLTestRunner importHTMLTestRunner3 from email.mime.text importMIMEText4 from email.header importHeader5 importsmtplib, os6
7 #发送测试报告，需要配置你的邮箱账号
8 defsend_mail(file_new):9     f = open(file_new, 'rb')10     mail_body =f.read()11 f.close()12     msg = MIMEText(mail_body, 'html', 'utf-8')13     msg['Subject'] = Header("自动化测试报告", 'utf-8')14     msg['From']= 'ldq791918813@163.com'
15     msg['To']= '791918813@qq.com'
16     smtp =smtplib.SMTP()17     smtp.connect("smtp.163.com")18     smtp.login("ldq791918813@163.com", "密码")19     smtp.sendmail("ldq791918813@163.com","791918813@qq.com",msg.as_string())20 smtp.quit()21     print('email has send out!')22
23 #查找测试报告目录，找到最新生成的测试报告文件
24 defnew_report(testreport):25     lists =os.listdir(testreport)26     lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(testreport + '\\' +fn))27     file_new = os.path.join(testreport, lists[-1])28     print(file_new)29     returnfile_new30
31 #指定测试用例为当前文件夹下的test_case目录
32 test_dir = './mail/test_case'
33 test_report = 'D:\\sublimePython\\test_programe\\mail\\report'
34 discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern = '*_case.py')35
36 if __name__ == "__main__":37
38     now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")39     filename = test_report + '/' + now + 'result.html'
40     fp = open(filename, 'wb')41     #runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
42     runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,43                             title='测试报告',44                             description="运行环境：windows 7, Chrome")45 runner.run(discover)46 fp.close()47
48     new_report =new_report(test_report)49     send_mail(new_report)

6、HTML测试报告：

7、截图信息：