【API进阶之路】因为不会创建云服务器，我被实习生摆了一道

事情是这样的，公司成立了一个新项目，要给项目建官网，并搭建一个web服务器。按照我的习惯，搭建一个本地虚拟机就好了，部署简单方便还好配置，云服务器嘛，写了10年代码，还是不习惯那玩意儿。

我这刚开始动手，就看见实习生屁颠屁颠地跑过来，我心想这小子肯定是想来学虚拟机搭建部署的，这么简单的事都不会，真是白瞎了他那985的学校了。

可是...万万没想到啊，小实习生跑到我老大那里邀功去了！！！远远地听见他说：“公司新项目跑在云服务器上了，以后可以根据访问量随时进行弹性扩展，安全稳定还快。”

啥？云服务器？这小子居然会配置云服务器？听完汇报，老大看向了我，带着小实习生往我这边走过来……

“哼，叫你邀功，撞枪口上了吧，我就说云服务器配置没那么容易，还不是得来找我~”这么想着有点得意，老大走过来拍拍我的肩膀，说：“你跟他学一下怎么配置云服务器，别再用虚拟机了，以后都是麻烦事。”

我...他...让我跟一个实习生学？？？

实习生冲我微微一笑，就走了，没过一会扔给我一份文档，上面写着：“创建弹性云服务器流程详解”。打开粗略扫了一眼，代码都直接贴上来了？瞧不起谁？感觉有被冒犯到。

技术人嘛，看到代码还是没忍住跑一遍，等我发现bug或跑不通，再给他上上课！

结果……真香。

内容是这样的：

通过API创建云服务器的9个步骤（以指定镜像方式创建云服务器为例）

（内容来源：https://support.huaweicloud.com/api-ecs/ecs_04_0001.html）

首先免费领取了1台云服务器，然后开始跑代码。

步骤一：确定待创建云服务器所在的可用区。

1、查询可用区。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：GET /v2.1/{project_id}/os-availability-zone

（2）请求示例

GET: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/os-availability-zone

（3）响应示例

 {"availabilityZoneInfo": [{"hosts": null,"zoneState": {"available": true},"zoneName":"zone_01" },{"hosts": null,"zoneState": {"available": true},"zoneName": "zone_01" }]
}

2、根据实际需要选择可用区，并记录可用区的zoneName。

步骤二：确定待创建云服务器的规格。

1、查询云服务器规格信息。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：GET/v2.1/{project_id}/flavors/detail{?minDisk,minRam,is_public,sort_key,sort_dir}

其中，“?”后的字段为查询规格时可选的查询检索参数。

（2）请求示例

GET: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/flavors/detail

（3）响应示例

{"flavors": [{"name": "c1.2xlarge","links": [{"href": "https://xxx/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/flavors/c1.2xlarge","rel": "self"},{"href": "https://xxx/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/flavors/c1.2xlarge","rel": "bookmark"}],"ram": 8192,"OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled": false,"vcpus": 8,"swap": "","os-flavor-access:is_public": true,"rxtx_factor": 1,"OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral": 0,"disk": 0,"id": "c1.2xlarge"}
]
}

2、根据实际需要选择规格，并记录规格的ID。

步骤三：确定待创建云服务器使用的镜像。

1、查询镜像。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：GET /v2.1/{project_id}/images/detail

（2）请求示例

GET: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/images/detail

（3）响应示例

{"images": [{"OS-EXT-IMG-SIZE:size": 0,"metadata": {"__os_type": "Linux","hw_vif_multiqueue_enabled": "true","__imagetype": "gold","__quick_start": "true","virtual_env_type": "FusionCompute","__support_xen": "true","__support_kvm": "true","__image_source_type": "uds","__platform": "EulerOS","__os_version": "EulerOS 2.2 64bit","__os_bit": "64","__isregistered": "false"},"created": "2018-05-14T06:13:50Z","minRam": 0,"name": "DBS-MySQL-Image_2.1.3.3","progress": 100,"links": [{"rel": "self","href": "https://None/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/images/11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4"},{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/images/11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4"},{"rel": "alternate","href": "https://None/images/11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4","type": "application/vnd.openstack.image"}],"id": "11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4","updated": "2018-05-14T06:13:52Z","minDisk": 40,"status": "ACTIVE"}]
}

2、根据需要选择镜像，并记录镜像ID。

步骤四：确定云服务器的网络信息。

1、查询网络。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：GET /v2.1/{project_id}/os-networks

（2）请求示例

GET: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/os-networks

（3）响应示例

{"networks": [{"id": "07a9557d-4256-48ae-847c-415a9c8f7ff6","label": "b_tt3_td1b","broadcast": null,"cidr": null,"dns1": null,"dns2": null,"gateway": null,"netmask": null,"cidr_v6": null,"gateway_v6": null,"netmask_v6": null}]
}

2、根据需要选择网络，并记录网络ID。

步骤五：设置密钥对登录方式。

如需设置为密码登录方式，请直接跳转至步骤七。

1、创建密钥对。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：POST /v2.1/{project_id}/os-keypairs

（2）请求示例

POST: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/os-keypairsBody：{"keypair": {"type": "ssh","name": "demo1","user_id": "fake"}
}

（3）响应示例

{"keypair": {"public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCrR5Gcwlh5ih7JOvzIUuQxS5qzWWPMYHeDXkDKSQ9W5pumOV05SiO3WCswnaQ5xMdOl31mNiHtwlwq9dJi7X6jJBB2shTD+00G5WuwkBbFU4CLvt1B44u0NUiaTJ35NAvW2/4XvpXm9OwiQ3B5ge6ZY7Esi38Unh+pkbhPkYxNBCK8yoOlojQhWs75abdxZBi811/8RwLcNiFiocA2RGxtRjBdpEScj+1TU+OcfZdQnr0AFbO11z7yxfIygwwzVTgUuJNbMbKHStQqRbklfMlHY4RBPQgb7RN/YaXKTQSXT84k+D9xlDNo7Wj4fwOJTOz/s/PvbIOqjRHt9D6Y4IKd Generated-by-Nova\n","private_key": "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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\nORFdDETeXLQG1KMUj+8AdnhfYp3JTdft6rmPpZEBUFiCAUMAvb0=\n-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n","user_id": "f79791beca3c48159ac2553fff22e166","name": "demo1","fingerprint": "57:a7:a2:ed:5f:aa:e7:54:62:2e:bb:e7:92:22:cb:40"}
}

2、导入密钥。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：POST /v2.1/{project_id}/os-keypairs

（2）请求示例

POST: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/os-keypairs

Body：

{"keypair": {"public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDY8wMTdBYiJgi62o6eShoOlSKx3CZ3cE6PHisDblfK3Y0Bg7EHV7iV9c74pqsrIhK0xuGUuO1NxDQWbkwLTPN4F9Iy5CIYohLuMIpbln6LDtfRPpdhEh3lxL8MM61gyfpKzeKkwkEpSFj27Rgh6zCyJgBpkA2A0HTP737UlitahL4faCWDIS+Vj6mbcfkWiMhuMCzTZgSKAZ4PfoG4B5HJhR52C6A4XLiQFT9heh9gnIsIG+uTogTKUbcJKuN7M6AraJpul6eHhV9YI4433sDmuiBF/njvreVPWwAHlAkgT9I8q1T/cfEFiwzXpdGbkK5O8NC7K+qNbbdKihlahONt Generated-by-Nova\n","type": "ssh","name": "demo2","user_id": "fake"}
}

（3）响应示例

{"keypair": {"public_key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDY8wMTdBYiJgi62o6eShoOlSKx3CZ3cE6PHisDblfK3Y0Bg7EHV7iV9c74pqsrIhK0xuGUuO1NxDQWbkwLTPN4F9Iy5CIYohLuMIpbln6LDtfRPpdhEh3lxL8MM61gyfpKzeKkwkEpSFj27Rgh6zCyJgBpkA2A0HTP737UlitahL4faCWDIS+Vj6mbcfkWiMhuMCzTZgSKAZ4PfoG4B5HJhR52C6A4XLiQFT9heh9gnIsIG+uTogTKUbcJKuN7M6AraJpul6eHhV9YI4433sDmuiBF/njvreVPWwAHlAkgT9I8q1T/cfEFiwzXpdGbkK5O8NC7K+qNbbdKihlahONt Generated-by-Nova\n","user_id": "f79791beca3c48159ac2553fff22e166","name": "demo2","fingerprint": "dd:44:45:49:d9:f6:4f:c0:24:2d:81:aa:c4:4b:83:c2"}
}

2、记录响应消息体中的name信息。如本例中为“demo2”。

步骤六：创建密钥对登录鉴权的云服务器。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：POST /v2.1/{project_id}/servers

说明：

本示例是指定image创建云服务器，因此：

●block_device_mapping_v2.1中，“source_type”需设置为“image”，“uuid”设置为选择的镜像ID，“destination_type”设置为“volume”，“boot_index”设置为“0”。

●“volume_size”应大于等于镜像元数据中指定的最小值。

（2）请求示例

POST: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers

Body：

{"server": {"flavorRef": "c1.large","name": "zttestvm1","block_device_mapping_v2.1": [{"source_type": "image","destination_type": "volume","volume_type": "SATA","volume_size": "40","delete_on_termination": "true","uuid": "11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4","boot_index": "0"}],"networks": [{"uuid": "fb68519f-a7c0-476e-98d4-2e4cf6de6def"}],"key_name": "demo2","availability_zone": "az_test_01"}
}

（3）响应示例

{"server": {"security_groups": [{"name": "default"}],"OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL","links": [{"rel": "self","href": "https://None/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/6d311127-bce1-48db-bf0f-cac9f8f7f077"},{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/6d311127-bce1-48db-bf0f-cac9f8f7f077"}],"id": "6d311127-bce1-48db-bf0f-cac9f8f7f077","adminPass": "WcC4QoVZPXpV"}
}

步骤七：设置密码登录方式。

（1）使用非cloud-init镜像创建云服务器时，Windows和Linux系统都使用“adminPass”参数实现密码注入。

（2）使用cloud-init镜像创建云服务器时：

l 对于Linux系统，只能使用“user_data”进行密码注入，“user_data”字符串长度小于65535，且必须是base64加密的；

l 对于Windows系统，只能通过元数据“admin_pass”进行密码注入。

步骤八：创建密码方式登录鉴权的弹性云服务器。

说明：

本示例是指定image创建弹性云服务器，因此：

1. block_device_mapping_v2.1中，“source_type”需设置为“image”，“uuid”设置为选择的镜像ID，“destination_type”设置为“volume”，“boot_index”设置为“0”。

2. “volume_size”应大于等于镜像元数据中指定的最小值。

1、创建非cloud-init镜像、密码方式登录鉴权的弹性云服务器。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：POST /v2.1/{project_id}/servers

（2）请求示例

POST: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers

Body：

{"server": {"flavorRef": "c1.large","name": "zttestvm1","adminPass":"NOVAGLANCEI@123","block_device_mapping_v2.1": [{"source_type": "image","destination_type": "volume","volume_type": "SATA","volume_size": "40","delete_on_termination": "true","uuid": "11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4","boot_index": "0"}],"networks": [{"uuid": "fb68519f-a7c0-476e-98d4-2e4cf6de6def"}],"availability_zone": "az_test_01"}
}

（3）响应示例

{"server": {"security_groups": [{"name": "default"}],"OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL","links": [{"rel": "self","href": "https://None/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/73991cff-37c6-491a-9a8a-377397729fce"},{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/73991cff-37c6-491a-9a8a-377397729fce"}],"id": "73991cff-37c6-491a-9a8a-377397729fce","adminPass": "NOVAGLANCEI@123"}
}

2、创建cloud-init镜像（以Linux为例）、密码方式登录鉴权的弹性云服务器。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：POST /v2.1/{project_id}/servers

（2）请求示例

POST: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers

Body：

{"server": {"flavorRef": "c1.large","name": "zttestvm2",
"user_data":"IyEvYmluL2Jhc2gKZWNobyAncm9vdDokNiRuaERlcUIkajBkelVMbkFrbWo4bWlFREFzT0VONkVPdGg1RmdqWnQybUVWZVRocC5OVDJXelZVdzFuNzhnL3dNdDE0dVpSQ1V3LzhHS3VGdEViQ0lPQS5vN1BZQzEnIHwgY2hwYXNzd2QgLWU7","block_device_mapping_v2.1": [{"source_type": "image","destination_type": "volume","volume_type": "SATA","volume_size": "40","delete_on_termination": "true","uuid": "11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4","boot_index": "0"}],"networks": [{"uuid": "fb68519f-a7c0-476e-98d4-2e4cf6de6def"}],"availability_zone": "az_test_01"}
}

（3）响应示例

{"server": {"security_groups": [{"name": "default"}],"OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL","links": [{"rel": "self","href": "https://None/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/7c11f362-cc96-4306-85b6-b432a639ca5e"},{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/7c11f362-cc96-4306-85b6-b432a639ca5e"}],"id": "7c11f362-cc96-4306-85b6-b432a639ca5e","admin_pass": "J3xMSivHCuq5"}
}

步骤九：确认云服务器创建成功。

（1）接口相关信息

URI格式：GET /v2.1/{project_id}/servers/{server_id}

（2）请求示例

GET: https://{endpoint}/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/0c71c0da-8852-4c56-a1d1-3a9b9bcb6da6

其中：

0c71c0da-8852-4c56-a1d1-3a9b9bcb6da6为创建的云服务器UUID。

（3）响应示例

{"server": {"tenant_id": "74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27","addresses": {"2a6f4aa6-d93e-45f5-a8cb-b030dbf8cd68": [{"OS-EXT-IPS-MAC:mac_addr": "fa:16:3e:88:01:1b","OS-EXT-IPS:type": "fixed","addr": "192.168.2.192","version": 4}]},"metadata": {},"OS-EXT-STS:task_state": null,"OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL","OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone":  "az_test_01","links": [{"rel": "self","href": "https://None/v2.1/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/0c71c0da-8852-4c56-a1d1-3a9b9bcb6da6"},{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/servers/0c71c0da-8852-4c56-a1d1-3a9b9bcb6da6"}],"OS-EXT-STS:power_state": 1,"id": "0c71c0da-8852-4c56-a1d1-3a9b9bcb6da6","os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached": [{"id": "b551445a-e749-4d53-932a-638a455cb6c3"}],"OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host": "pod1_test_01","image": {"links": [{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/images/11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4"}],"id": "11e8f727-d439-4ed1-b3b8-33f46c0379c4"},"OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at": null,"accessIPv4": "","accessIPv6": "","created": "2018-05-25T01:47:11Z","hostId": "b2792bef989888d2df1f51bff81de5ac58a4117f4e9ec3059c1a0410","OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname": "nova001@36","key_name": null,"flavor": {"links": [{"rel": "bookmark","href": "https://None/74610f3a5ad941998e91f076297ecf27/flavors/c1.large"}],"id": "c1.large"},"security_groups": [{"name": "default"}],"config_drive": "","OS-EXT-STS:vm_state": "active","OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name": "instance-001883cd","user_id": "f79791beca3c48159ac2553fff22e166","name": "zttestvm1","progress": 0,"OS-SRV-USG:launched_at": "2018-05-25T01:47:55.755922","updated": "2018-05-25T01:47:55Z","status": "ACTIVE"}
}

按照步骤指示，我很快完成了云服务器的搭建，不禁有些惊讶，这小子怎么懂这么多？等等...华为云API Explorer？打开华为云API Explorer的官网，我好像打开了新世界的大门，有很多已配置好的环境和接口，直接调用调试就可以了，以后怕是没有什么能够难住我了！

目前API Explorer平台已开放EI企业智能、计算、应用服务、网络、软件开发平台、视频等70+云服务，共上线2000+个API、6000+个错误码。在前期试运行期间，华为云API Explorer平台上的API接口也已被多家企业成功接入。

点击查看详情：《华为云一站式API解决方案平台API Explorer上线》

据悉，华为云API Explorer平台在未来几个月会实现更多功能，比如支持SDK示例代码、CLI等特性，同时也会开放更多的云服务API接口，连接更多开发者实现创新、拓宽创新边界。

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