今天接触了python，了解了一下 python 的基础语法，于是想着手训练一下，在本习题集中，参考代码为提供的参考答案，前面的代码为自己思考的代码，最后每道题给出练习的时间。

Python 基础练习题1

题目：有1、2、3、4个数字，能组成多少个互不相同且无重复数字的三位数？都是多少？

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代码

def printNum():sum = 0for i in range(1,5):for j in range(1,5):for k in range(1,5):if i==j or i == k or j == k:continueelse:sum += 1print i,j,kprint "sum:",sum,"line"printNum()

运行结果

1 2 3
1 2 4
1 3 2
1 3 4
1 4 2
1 4 3
2 1 3
2 1 4
2 3 1
2 3 4
2 4 1
2 4 3
3 1 2
3 1 4
3 2 1
3 2 4
3 4 1
3 4 2
4 1 2
4 1 3
4 2 1
4 2 3
4 3 1
4 3 2
sum: 24 line

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参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-for i in range(1,5):for j in range(1,5):for k in range(1,5):if( i != k ) and (i != j) and (j != k):print i,j,k

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用时： 44min

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Python 基础练习题2

题目：企业发放的奖金根据利润提成。利润(I)低于或等于10万元时，奖金可提10%；利润高于10万元，低于20万元时，低于10万元的部分按10%提成，高于10万元的部分，可可提成7.5%；20万到40万之间时，高于20万元的部分，可提成5%；40万到60万之间时高于40万元的部分，可提成3%；60万到100万之间时，高于60万元的部分，可提成1.5%，高于100万元时，超过100万元的部分按1%提成，从键盘输入当月利润I，求应发放奖金总数？

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代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-def countBonus():profit = int(raw_input('请输入利润（万）：')) #这里要定义为intif profit <= 10:bonus = profit * 0.1elif profit > 10 and profit <= 20:bonus = 10 * 0.1 + (profit-10) * 0.075elif profit > 20 and profit <= 40:bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + (profit-20)*0.05elif profit > 40 and profit <= 60:bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + 20 * 0.05 + (profit-40) * 0.03elif profit > 60 and profit <= 100:bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + 20 * 0.05 + 20 * 0.03 + (profit - 60) * 0.015elif profit > 100:bonus = 10 * 0.1 + 10 * 0.075 + 20 * 0.05 + 20 * 0.03 + 40 * 0.015 + (profit-100)*0.01print "奖金（万）为：",bonuscountBonus()

运行结果

请输入利润（万）：12
奖金（万）为： 1.15

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参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-i = int(raw_input('净利润:'))
arr = [1000000,600000,400000,200000,100000,0]
rat = [0.01,0.015,0.03,0.05,0.075,0.1]
r = 0
for idx in range(0,6):if i>arr[idx]:r+=(i-arr[idx])*rat[idx]print (i-arr[idx])*rat[idx]i=arr[idx]
print r

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用时： 20min

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Python 基础练习题3

题目：一个整数，它加上100和加上268后都是一个完全平方数，请问该数是多少？

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代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import math
def calculate():for i in range(1,10001):getNum1 = math.sqrt(i+100)getNum2 = math.sqrt(i+268)if getNum1 % int(getNum1) == 0 and getNum2 % int(getNum2) == 0:print icalculate()

运行结果

21
261
1581

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参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import math
for i in range(10000):#转化为整型值x = int(math.sqrt(i + 100))y = int(math.sqrt(i + 268))if(x * x == i + 100) and (y * y == i + 268):print i

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用时： 16min

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Python 基础练习题4

题目：输入某年某月某日，判断这一天是这一年的第几天

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代码

#!usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-#闰年
leapYear = [31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]
# 普通年
commonYear = [31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31]def countDay():getDate = raw_input("请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：")date = getDate.split(".")# 分别获得年月日year = int(date[0])month = int(date[1])day = int(date[2])sum = 0if (year % 100 == 0 and year % 400 == 0) or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0):# 闰年for i in range(1,month):sum += leapYear[i]sum += dayelse:for i in range(1,month):sum += commonYear[i]sum += dayprint "该日期为该年份的第：",sum,"天"while 1:countDay()ifExit = raw_input("是否退出？(Y/N）：")if ifExit == "Y" or ifExit == "y":break

运行结果

请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：2016.10.03
该日期为该年份的第： 277 天
是否退出？(Y/N）：n
请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：2000.8.7
该日期为该年份的第： 220 天
是否退出？(Y/N）：n
请输入年月日（XXXX.XX.XX 例如：2016.10.30）：1900.3.2
该日期为该年份的第： 61 天
是否退出？(Y/N）：y

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参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-year = int(raw_input('year:\n'))
month = int(raw_input('month:\n'))
day = int(raw_input('day:\n'))months = (0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334)
if 0 < month <= 12:sum = months[month - 1]
else:print 'data error'
sum += day
leap = 0
if (year % 400 == 0) or ((year % 4 == 0) and (year % 100 != 0)):leap = 1
if (leap == 1) and (month > 2):sum += 1
print 'it is the %dth day.' % sum

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用时： 27min

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Python 基础练习题5

题目：输入三个整数x,y,z，请把这三个数由小到大输出。

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代码

#!usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-def demoFunction():getNum = raw_input("请输入三个数字（用英文符号 , 隔开）：")num = getNum.split(",")num1 = int(num[0])num2 = int(num[1])num3 = int(num[2])if num1>num2:temp = num2num2 = num1num1 = tempif num1>num3:temp = num3num3 = num1num1 = tempif num2 > num3:temp = num3num3 = num2num2 = tempprint num1,num2,num3demoFunction()

运行结果

请输入三个数字（用英文符号 , 隔开）：3,7,1
1 3 7

代码优化

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-def demoFunction():getNum = raw_input("请输入三个数字（用英文符号 , 隔开）：")num = getNum.split(",")num1 = int(num[0])num2 = int(num[1])num3 = int(num[2])if num1>num2:num1,num2 = num2,num1if num1>num3:num1,num3 = num3,num1if num2 > num3:num2,num3 = num3,num2print num1,num2,num3demoFunction()

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参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-l = []
for i in range(3):x = int(raw_input('integer:\n'))l.append(x)
l.sort()
print l

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用时： 10min

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Python 基础练习题6

题目：斐波那契数列。

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代码

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-# 斐波那契数列
def Fibonacci(num):if num == 1:print "0"elif num == 2:print "1"else:fib = [0,1]for i in range(2, num):fib.append(int(fib[i-1]) + int(fib[i-2]))print fibnum = int(raw_input("请输入斐波那契数列的位数："))
Fibonacci(num)

运行结果

请输入斐波那契数列的位数：10
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34]

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参考代码

方法一

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-def fib(n):a,b = 1,1for i in range(n-1):a,b = b,a+breturn a# 输出了第10个斐波那契数列
print fib(10)

方法二

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-# 使用递归
def fib(n):if n==1 or n==2:return 1return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)# 输出了第10个斐波那契数列
print fib(10)

方法三

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-def fib(n):if n == 1:return [1]if n == 2:return [1, 1]fibs = [1, 1]for i in range(2, n):fibs.append(fibs[-1] + fibs[-2])return fibs# 输出前 10 个斐波那契数列
print fib(10) 

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用时： 12min

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Python 基础练习题7

题目：将一个列表的数据复制到另一个列表中。

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参考代码

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a[:]
print b

运行结果

[1,2,3]

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用时： 0min

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Python 基础练习题8

题目：输出9x9乘法口诀表

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代码

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-for i in range(1,10):for j in range(i,10):print i,"*",j,"=",i*jprint ""

运行结果

1 * 1 = 1
1 * 2 = 2
1 * 3 = 3
1 * 4 = 4
1 * 5 = 5
1 * 6 = 6
1 * 7 = 7
1 * 8 = 8
1 * 9 = 92 * 2 = 4
2 * 3 = 6
2 * 4 = 8
2 * 5 = 10
2 * 6 = 12
2 * 7 = 14
2 * 8 = 16
2 * 9 = 183 * 3 = 9
3 * 4 = 12
3 * 5 = 15
3 * 6 = 18
3 * 7 = 21
3 * 8 = 24
3 * 9 = 274 * 4 = 16
4 * 5 = 20
4 * 6 = 24
4 * 7 = 28
4 * 8 = 32
4 * 9 = 365 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 456 * 6 = 36
6 * 7 = 42
6 * 8 = 48
6 * 9 = 547 * 7 = 49
7 * 8 = 56
7 * 9 = 638 * 8 = 64
8 * 9 = 729 * 9 = 81

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用时： 4min

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Python 基础练习题9

题目：暂停一秒输出。

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代码1

#! usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import timefor i in range(5):time.sleep(1)print i

运行结果

0
1
2
3
4

代码2

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import timeprint time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))# 暂停一秒
time.sleep(1)print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))

运行结果

2016-11-03 11:18:10
2016-11-03 11:18:11

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用时： 2min

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