为之前的项目添加安装规则install rules和测试支持testing support。

2.安装规则installing rules

安装规则是相当直接的了。对于我们设置的MathFunctions库和头文件，通过在MathFunctions的CMakeLists.txt中添加如下两行代码：

install (TARGETS MathFunctions DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES MathFunctions.h DESTINATION include)

然后，在顶层CMakeLists.txt文件添加如下代码安装可执行程序，并配置头文件：

# add the install targets
install (TARGETS Tutorial DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/TutorialConfig.h" DESTINATION include)

这就是全部了。接下来就能够组建tutorial，然后利用‘make’进行安装（也可以在IDE中组建INSTALL目标）。
这样就会安装盛和的头文件、库文件和可执行文件。

注意：CMake变量‘CMake_INSTALL_PREFIX’是决定将文件安装在哪个目录下。

3.测试支持Testing Support

测试也是一个非常直接的步骤。

在顶层CMakeList.txt文件最后，我们可以添加大量的基础测试代码，用来验证应用程序是否正常工作。

include(CTest)# does the application run
add_test (TutorialRuns Tutorial 25)# does it sqrt of 25
add_test (TutorialComp25 Tutorial 25)
set_tests_properties (TutorialComp25 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "25 is 5")# does it handle negative numbers
add_test (TutorialNegative Tutorial -25)
set_tests_properties (TutorialNegative PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "-25 is 0")# does it handle small numbers
add_test (TutorialSmall Tutorial 0.0001)
set_tests_properties (TutorialSmall PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "0.0001 is 0.01")# does the usage message work?
add_test (TutorialUsage Tutorial)
set_tests_properties (TutorialUsage PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "Usage:.*number")

组建之后，就可以运行‘ctest’命令行工具运行这些测试代码。

‘PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION’测试应用程序输出包含某些字符串。

如果我们希望增加大量的测试代码来测试不同的输入值，我们可以考虑创建一个宏，示例如下：

#define a macro to simplify adding tests, then use it
macro (do_test arg result)add_test (TutorialComp${arg} Tutorial ${arg})set_tests_properties (TutorialComp${arg}PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)# do a bunch of result based tests
do_test (25 "25 is 5")
do_test (-25 "-25 is 0")

4.调试与测试

• ~/CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.6)
project (Tutorial)# The version number.
set (Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR 1)
set (Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR 0)# should we use our own math functions
option(USE_MYMATH "Use tutorial provided math implementation" ON)# configure a header file to pass some of the CMake settings
# to the source code
configure_file ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/TutorialConfig.h.in""${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/TutorialConfig.h")# add the binary tree to the search path for include files
# so that we will find TutorialConfig.h
include_directories ("${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}")# add the MathFunctions library?
if (USE_MYMATH)include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions")add_subdirectory (MathFunctions)set (EXTRA_LIBS ${EXTRA_LIBS} MathFunctions)
endif ()# add the executable
add_executable (Tutorial tutorial.c)
target_link_libraries (Tutorial  ${EXTRA_LIBS})# add the install targets
install (TARGETS Tutorial DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/TutorialConfig.h"DESTINATION include)# enable testing
enable_testing ()# does the application run
add_test (TutorialRuns Tutorial 25)# does it sqrt of 25
add_test (TutorialComp25 Tutorial 25)
set_tests_properties (TutorialComp25PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "25 is 5")# does it handle negative numbers
add_test (TutorialNegative Tutorial -25)
set_tests_properties (TutorialNegativePROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "-25 is 0")# does it handle small numbers
add_test (TutorialSmall Tutorial 0.0001)
set_tests_properties (TutorialSmallPROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "0.0001 is 0.01")# does the usage message work?
add_test (TutorialUsage Tutorial)
set_tests_properties (TutorialUsagePROPERTIESPASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "Usage:.*number")

• ~/Tutorial.c

// A simple program that computes the square root of a number
#include "TutorialConfig.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>#ifdef USE_MYMATH
#include "MathFunctions.h"
#endifint main(int argc, char* argv[])
{double inputValue = atof(argv[1]); //根据编译器的要求，变量要放在最前面double outputValue = 0;if (argc < 2) {fprintf(stdout, "%s Version %d.%d\n", argv[0], Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR,Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR);fprintf(stdout, "Usage: %s number\n", argv[0]);return 1;}if (inputValue >= 0) {
#ifdef USE_MYMATHoutputValue = mysqrt(inputValue);
#elseoutputValue = sqrt(inputValue);
#endif}fprintf(stdout, "The square root of %g is %g\n", inputValue, outputValue);return 0;
}

• ~/TutorialConfig.h.in

// the configured options and settings for Tutorial
#define Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR @Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR@
#define Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR @Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR@
#cmakedefine USE_MYMATH

• ~/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt

add_library(MathFunctions mysqrt.c)install (TARGETS MathFunctions DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES MathFunctions.h DESTINATION include

• ~/MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h

double mysqrt(double x);

• ~/MathFunctions/mysqrt.c

#include "MathFunctions.h"
#include <stdio.h>// a hack square root calculation using simple operations
double mysqrt(double x)
{double result; //根据编译器要求，所有变量的定义放在最前面double delta;int i;if (x <= 0) {return 0;}result = x;// do ten iterationsfor (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {if (result <= 0) {result = 0.1;}delta = x - (result * result);result = result + 0.5 * delta / result;fprintf(stdout, "Computing sqrt of %g to be %g\n", x, result);}return result;
}

Step1:CMake进行Configure & Generate

Step2:Visual Studio进行组建ALL_BUILD

Step3:Visual Studio进行安装INSTALL

~/bin;~/include;~/lib文件夹会出现在CMake预定义的目标目录中，例如我的就在C:/ProgramFile