图片处理系列一Android照片墙应用实现（绝对不崩溃）

源码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/hcb1230/6613419

照片墙这种功能现在应该算是挺常见了，在很多应用中你都可以经常看到照片墙的身影。它的设计思路其实也非常简单，用一个GridView控件当作“墙”，然后随着GridView的滚动将一张张照片贴在“墙”上，这些照片可以是手机本地中存储的，也可以是从网上下载的。制作类似于这种的功能的应用，有一个非常重要的问题需要考虑，就是图片资源何时应该释放。因为随着GridView的滚动，加载的图片可能会越来越多，如果没有一种合理的机制对图片进行释放，那么当图片达到一定上限时，程序就必然会崩溃。

今天我们照片墙应用的实现，重点也是放在了如何防止由于图片过多导致程序崩溃上面。主要的核心算法使用了Android中提供的LruCache类，这个类是3.1版本中提供的，如果你是在更早的Android版本中开发，则需要导入android-support-v4的jar包。

那我们开始动手吧，新建一个Android项目，起名叫PhotoWallDemo，这里我使用的是Android 4.0的API。

第一个要考虑的问题就是，我们从哪儿去收集这么多的图片呢？这里我从谷歌官方提供的Demo里将图片源取了出来，我们就从这些网址中下载图片，代码如下所示：

1.Images.java类

public class Images {public final static String[] imageThumbUrls = new String[] {"https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-55osAWw3x0Q/URquUtcFr5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/rWlj1RUKrYI/s160-c/A%252520Photographer.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--dq8niRp7W4/URquVgmXvgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/-gnuLQfNnBA/s160-c/A%252520Song%252520of%252520Ice%252520and%252520Fire.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7qZeDtRKFKc/URquWZT1gOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hqWgteyNXsg/s160-c/Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--L0Km39l5J8/URquXHGcdNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3ZrSJNrSomQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Butte.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-8HO-4vIFnlw/URquZnsFgtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/WT8jViTF7vw/s160-c/Antelope%252520Hallway.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WIuWgVcU3Qw/URqubRVcj4I/AAAAAAAAAbs/YvbwgGjwdIQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Walls.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-UBmLbPELvoQ/URqucCdv0kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IdNhr2VQoQs/s160-c/Apre%2525CC%252580s%252520la%252520Pluie.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-s-AFpvgSeew/URquc6dF-JI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Mt3xNGRUd68/s160-c/Backlit%252520Cloud.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bvmif9a9YOQ/URquea3heHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/rcr6wyeQtAo/s160-c/Bee%252520and%252520Flower.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-n7mdm7I7FGs/URqueT_BT-I/AAAAAAAAAbs/9MYmXlmpSAo/s160-c/Bonzai%252520Rock%252520Sunset.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-4CN4X4t0M1k/URqufPozWzI/AAAAAAAAAbs/8wK41lg1KPs/s160-c/Caterpillar.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-rrFnVC8xQEg/URqufdrLBaI/AAAAAAAAAbs/s69WYy_fl1E/s160-c/Chess.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WVpRptWH8Yw/URqugh-QmDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/E-MgBgtlUWU/s160-c/Chihuly.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-0BDXkYmckbo/URquhKFW84I/AAAAAAAAAbs/ogQtHCTk2JQ/s160-c/Closed%252520Door.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-PyggXXZRykM/URquh-kVvoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hFtDwhtrHHQ/s160-c/Colorado%252520River%252520Sunset.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZAs4dNZtALc/URquikvOCWI/AAAAAAAAAbs/DXz4h3dll1Y/s160-c/Colors%252520of%252520Autumn.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-GztnWEIiMz8/URqukVCU7bI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jo2Hjv6MZ6M/s160-c/Countryside.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-bEg9EZ9QoiM/URquklz3FGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/UUuv8Ac2BaE/s160-c/Death%252520Valley%252520-%252520Dunes.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ijQJ8W68tEE/URqulGkvFEI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zPXvIwi_rFw/s160-c/Delicate%252520Arch.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Oh8mMy2ieng/URqullDwehI/AAAAAAAAAbs/TbdeEfsaIZY/s160-c/Despair.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gl0y4UiAOlk/URqumC_KjBI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PM1eT7dn4oo/s160-c/Eagle%252520Fall%252520Sunrise.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-hYYHd2_vXPQ/URqumtJa9eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/wAalXVkbSh0/s160-c/Electric%252520Storm.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-PyY_yiyjPTo/URqunUOhHFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/azZoULNuJXc/s160-c/False%252520Kiva.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-PYvLVdvXywk/URqunwd8hfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qiMwgkFvf6I/s160-c/Fitzgerald%252520Streaks.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-KIR_UobIIqY/URquoCZ9SlI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Y4d4q8sXu4c/s160-c/Foggy%252520Sunset.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-9lzOk_OWZH0/URquoo4xYoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/AwgzHtNVCwU/s160-c/Frantic.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-0X3JNaKaz48/URqupH78wpI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lHXxu_zbH8s/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Afternoon.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-95sb5ag7ABc/URqupl95RDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/g73R20iVTRA/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Fog.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-JB9v6rtgHhk/URqup21F-zI/AAAAAAAAAbs/64Fb8qMZWXk/s160-c/Golden%252520Grass.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-EIBGfnuLtII/URquqVHwaRI/AAAAAAAAAbs/FA4McV2u8VE/s160-c/Grand%252520Teton.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WoMxZvmN9nY/URquq1v2AoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/grj5uMhL6NA/s160-c/Grass%252520Closeup.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-6hZiEHXx64Q/URqurxvNdqI/AAAAAAAAAbs/kWMXM3o5OVI/s160-c/Green%252520Grass.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-6LVb9OXtQ60/URquteBFuKI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4F4kRgecwFs/s160-c/Hanging%252520Leaf.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-zAvf__52ONk/URqutT_IuxI/AAAAAAAAAbs/D_bcuc0thoU/s160-c/Highway%2525201.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-H4SrUg615rA/URquuL27fXI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4aEqJfiMsOU/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend%252520Sunset.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JhFi4fb_Pqw/URquuX-QXbI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IXpYUxuweYM/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-UGgssvFRJ7g/URquueyJzGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/yYIBlLT0toM/s160-c/Into%252520the%252520Blue.jpg","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-CH7KoupI7uI/URquu0FF__I/AAAAAAAAAbs/R7GDmI7v_G0/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525202.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-pwuuw6yhg8U/URquvPxR3FI/AAAAAAAAAbs/VNGk6f-tsGE/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525203.jpg","https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-GoUQVw1fnFw/URquv6xbC0I/AAAAAAAAAbs/zEUVTQQ43Zc/s160-c/Kauai.jpg","https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-8QdYYQEpYjw/URquwvdh88I/AAAAAAAAAbs/cktDy-ysfHo/s160-c/Kyoto%252520Sunset.jpg","https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vPeekyDjOE0/URquwzJ28qI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qxcyXULsZrg/s160-c/Lake%252520Tahoe%252520Colors.jpg","https:/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};
}

图片源已经有了，现在我们就该考虑在哪里放置这些图片了。新建或打开activity_main.xml作为程序的主布局，加入如下代码：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content" ><GridViewandroid:id="@+id/photo_wall"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:columnWidth="90dip"android:stretchMode="columnWidth"android:numColumns="auto_fit"android:verticalSpacing="10dip"android:gravity="center"></GridView></LinearLayout>

可以看到，我们在这个布局文件中仅加入了一个GridView，这也就是我们程序中的“墙”，所有的图片都将贴在这个“墙”上。

接着我们定义GridView中每一个子View的布局，新建一个photo_layout.xml布局，加入如下代码：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content" ><ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/photo"android:layout_width="90dip"android:layout_height="90dip"android:src="@drawable/empty_photo"android:layout_centerInParent="true"/></RelativeLayout>

在每一个子View中我们就简单使用了一个ImageView来显示一张图片。这样所有的布局就已经定义好了。

接下来新建PhotoWallAdapter做为GridView的适配器，代码如下所示：

public class PhotoWallAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> implements OnScrollListener {/*** 记录所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。*/private Set<BitmapWorkerTask> taskCollection;/*** 图片缓存技术的核心类，用于缓存所有下载好的图片，在程序内存达到设定值时会将最少最近使用的图片移除掉。*/private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;/*** GridView的实例*/private GridView mPhotoWall;/*** 第一张可见图片的下标*/private int mFirstVisibleItem;/*** 一屏有多少张图片可见*/private int mVisibleItemCount;/*** 记录是否刚打开程序，用于解决进入程序不滚动屏幕，不会下载图片的问题。*/private boolean isFirstEnter = true;public PhotoWallAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, String[] objects,GridView photoWall) {super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);mPhotoWall = photoWall;taskCollection = new HashSet<BitmapWorkerTask>();// 获取应用程序最大可用内存int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;// 设置图片缓存大小为程序最大可用内存的1/8mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) {@Overrideprotected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {return bitmap.getByteCount();}};mPhotoWall.setOnScrollListener(this);}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {final String url = getItem(position);View view;if (convertView == null) {view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.photo_layout, null);} else {view = convertView;}final ImageView photo = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.photo);// 给ImageView设置一个Tag，保证异步加载图片时不会乱序photo.setTag(url);setImageView(url, photo);return view;}/*** 给ImageView设置图片。首先从LruCache中取出图片的缓存，设置到ImageView上。如果LruCache中没有该图片的缓存，* 就给ImageView设置一张默认图片。** @param imageUrl*            图片的URL地址，用于作为LruCache的键。* @param imageView*            用于显示图片的控件。*/private void setImageView(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) {Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);if (bitmap != null) {imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);} else {imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo);}}/*** 将一张图片存储到LruCache中。** @param key*            LruCache的键，这里传入图片的URL地址。* @param bitmap*            LruCache的键，这里传入从网络上下载的Bitmap对象。*/public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {if (getBitmapFromMemoryCache(key) == null) {mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap);}}/*** 从LruCache中获取一张图片，如果不存在就返回null。** @param key*            LruCache的键，这里传入图片的URL地址。* @return 对应传入键的Bitmap对象，或者null。*/public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemoryCache(String key) {return mMemoryCache.get(key);}@Overridepublic void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {// 仅当GridView静止时才去下载图片，GridView滑动时取消所有正在下载的任务if (scrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) {loadBitmaps(mFirstVisibleItem, mVisibleItemCount);} else {cancelAllTasks();}}@Overridepublic void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount,int totalItemCount) {mFirstVisibleItem = firstVisibleItem;mVisibleItemCount = visibleItemCount;// 下载的任务应该由onScrollStateChanged里调用，但首次进入程序时onScrollStateChanged并不会调用，// 因此在这里为首次进入程序开启下载任务。if (isFirstEnter && visibleItemCount > 0) {loadBitmaps(firstVisibleItem, visibleItemCount);isFirstEnter = false;}}/*** 加载Bitmap对象。此方法会在LruCache中检查所有屏幕中可见的ImageView的Bitmap对象，* 如果发现任何一个ImageView的Bitmap对象不在缓存中，就会开启异步线程去下载图片。** @param firstVisibleItem*            第一个可见的ImageView的下标* @param visibleItemCount*            屏幕中总共可见的元素数*/private void loadBitmaps(int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount) {try {for (int i = firstVisibleItem; i < firstVisibleItem + visibleItemCount; i++) {String imageUrl = Images.imageThumbUrls[i];Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl);if (bitmap == null) {BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask();taskCollection.add(task);task.execute(imageUrl);} else {ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);if (imageView != null && bitmap != null) {imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);}}}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 取消所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。*/public void cancelAllTasks() {if (taskCollection != null) {for (BitmapWorkerTask task : taskCollection) {task.cancel(false);}}}/*** 异步下载图片的任务。** @author guolin*/class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap> {/*** 图片的URL地址*/private String imageUrl;@Overrideprotected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {imageUrl = params[0];// 在后台开始下载图片Bitmap bitmap = downloadBitmap(params[0]);if (bitmap != null) {// 图片下载完成后缓存到LrcCache中addBitmapToMemoryCache(params[0], bitmap);}return bitmap;}@Overrideprotected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {super.onPostExecute(bitmap);// 根据Tag找到相应的ImageView控件，将下载好的图片显示出来。ImageView imageView = (ImageView) mPhotoWall.findViewWithTag(imageUrl);if (imageView != null && bitmap != null) {imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);}taskCollection.remove(this);}/*** 建立HTTP请求，并获取Bitmap对象。** @param imageUrl*            图片的URL地址* @return 解析后的Bitmap对象*/private Bitmap downloadBitmap(String imageUrl) {Bitmap bitmap = null;HttpURLConnection con = null;try {URL url = new URL(imageUrl);con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();con.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);con.setReadTimeout(10 * 1000);con.setDoInput(true);con.setDoOutput(true);bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(con.getInputStream());} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (con != null) {con.disconnect();}}return bitmap;}}}

photoWallAdapter是整个照片墙程序中最关键的一个类了，这里我来重点给大家讲解一下。首先在PhotoWallAdapter的构造函数中，我们初始化了LruCache类，并设置了最大缓存容量为程序最大可用内存的1/8，接下来又为GridView注册了一个滚动监听器。然后在getView()方法中，我们为每个ImageView设置了一个唯一的Tag，这个Tag的作用是为了后面能够准确地找回这个ImageView，不然异步加载图片会出现乱序的情况。之后调用了setImageView()方法为ImageView设置一张图片，这个方法首先会从LruCache缓存中查找是否已经缓存了这张图片，如果成功找到则将缓存中的图片显示在ImageView上，否则就显示一张默认的空图片。

看了半天，那到底是在哪里下载图片的呢？这是在GridView的滚动监听器中进行的，在onScrollStateChanged()方法中，我们对GridView的滚动状态进行了判断，如果当前GridView是静止的，则调用loadBitmaps()方法去下载图片，如果GridView正在滚动，则取消掉所有下载任务，这样可以保证GridView滚动的流畅性。在loadBitmaps()方法中，我们为屏幕上所有可见的GridView子元素开启了一个线程去执行下载任务，下载成功后将图片存储到LruCache当中，然后通过Tag找到相应的ImageView控件，把下载好的图片显示出来。

由于我们使用了LruCache来缓存图片，所以不需要担心内存溢出的情况，当LruCache中存储图片的总大小达到容量上限的时候，会自动把最近最少使用的图片从缓存中移除。

最后新建或打开MainActivity作为程序的主Activity，代码如下所示：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {/*** 用于展示照片墙的GridView*/private GridView mPhotoWall;/*** GridView的适配器*/private PhotoWallAdapter adapter;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);mPhotoWall = (GridView) findViewById(R.id.photo_wall);adapter = new PhotoWallAdapter(this, 0, Images.imageThumbUrls, mPhotoWall);mPhotoWall.setAdapter(adapter);}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();// 退出程序时结束所有的下载任务adapter.cancelAllTasks();}}

MainActivity中的代码非常简单，没什么需要说明的了，在Activity被销毁时取消掉了所有的下载任务，避免程序在后台耗费流量。另外由于我们使用了网络功能，别忘了在AndroidManifest.xml中加入网络权限的声明。

现在可以运行一下程序了，效果如下图所示：

可以看到，滚动照片墙，会异步加载图片到相应的ImageView上。随着加载图片的增多，会释放掉一些之前加载过的图片，你多滚动几次就可以看得出了。另外为了能让大家明显看出图片的释放情况，我在这个程序中没有使用本地缓存，所有被释放掉的图片再次显示需要从网络上再下载一遍。在实际的项目中配合适当的本地缓存效果会更好。

打开DDMS，我们可以发现，由于有LruCache帮我们管理图片缓存，不管如何滚动照片墙，程序内存始终会保持在一个合理的范围内。

本篇文章的重点在于如何对图片进行更好的回收，因此照片墙只是简单地使用GridView进行了展示。

源码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/hcb1230/6613419

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