[虽然iOS 5.0版本之后加入了ARC机制，由于相互引用关系比较复杂时，内存泄露还是可能存在。所以了解原理很重要。这里讲述在没有ARC的情况下，如何使用Instruments来查找程

cx_Freeze是一个打包python为exe的好库，可是安装后打包一些程序后不能运行

打开的时候出现：

python\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\freezer.py:574: UserWarning: Duplicate name: 'importlib/__init__.pyc'

outFile.writestr(zinfo, data)

然后打开cmd，在命令行中运行exe文件

错误如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\Console.py", line 27, in

exec(code, m.__dict__)

File "forecast.py", line 4, in

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 2214, in _find_and_load

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 2189, in _find_and_load_unlocked

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 2214, in _find_and_load

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 1191, in _load_unlocked

File "C:\Python\32-bit\3.4\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py", line 1161, in _load_backward_compatible

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute '_fix_up_module'

原因是有bug，歪果仁说版本Bug，正在试图解决，实际上已经解决了。

看我的：

查看自己的python位数：

>>> import sys, platform

>>> platform.architecture()

('64bit', 'WindowsPE')

下载对应版本：

当然，先要卸载我之前安装的msi，如下：

下载之后的库是zip结尾的，改成whl结尾

然后打开cmd，转到该文件目录，使用：

然后转到python安装目录下的cx-Freeze实例去试试成不成功,如图：

[由于发现原创文章，在未署名作者及出处的情况下被转载。在以后所有的原创文章开头我都会写明作者和出处。希望朋友们以后在转载本博客原创博文时注意标明文章作者及出处。

命令是：

python setup.py build

最后运行一下：

完全没问题，因为只是缺少wx包，我没装。

而最简单的setup.py文件可以在这里找，如图：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# A very simple setup script to create a single executable

#

# hello.py is a very simple 'Hello, world' type script which also displays the

# environment in which the script runs

#

# Run the build process by running the command 'python setup.py build'

#

# If everything works well you should find a subdirectory in the build

# subdirectory that contains the files needed to run the script without Python

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

executables = [

Executable('hello.py')

]

setup(name='hello',

version='0.1',

description='Sample cx_Freeze script',

executables=executables

)

此时已经结束了，好愉快。

其实，我还有很多东西需要写成博文，没动力，啊呀。

可以在我的百度云上下载：一只尼玛

我Build了一下，发现了，我是要用python画图的：

No module named 'matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg'

看来解决了一个问题，还要再解决一个。

I've seen this before, also on openSUSE (12.3). The fix is to edit the default matplotlibrc file.

Here's how you find where the default matplotlibrc file lives, and where it lives on my machine:

>>> import matplotlib

>>> matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()

'/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc'

The backend setting is the first configuration option in this file. Change it from TkAgg to Agg, or to some other backend you have installed on your system. The comments in the matplotlibrc file list all backends supported by matplotlib.

The backend specified in this file is only the default; you can still change it at runtime by adding the following two lines, before any other matplotlib import:

import matplotlib

matplotlib.use("Agg") # or whichever backend you wish to use

意思就是说你可以把site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc里面的第一个配置的TkAgg改为Agg，或者在程序的最开始加入以下：

import matplotlib

matplotlib.use("Agg") # or whichever backend you wish to use

改了之后可以打包了，可是没有图出来，卧槽，明明有这些文件，难道没有安装Tk包

ValueError: Unrecognized backend string "gdkagg": valid strings are ['gdk', 'GTK', 'TkAgg', 'svg', 'Qt4Agg', 'ps', 'emf', 'pdf', 'template', 'agg', 'GTK3Agg', 'cairo', 'pgf', 'GTKAgg', 'nbAgg', 'CocoaAgg', 'WXAgg', 'WX', 'GTKCairo', 'GTK3Cairo', 'WebAgg', 'Qt5Agg', 'MacOSX']

matplotlib.use("gdk")

一个个试着看！！！

[我的系统是ubuntu6.06，最近新装好的mysql在进入mysql工具时，总是有错误提示:# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for use]