QT5.14.2自带Examples：Local Fortune Server/Client

概述

这是两个示例，需要配合使用。可以在本机为两个应用程序建立socket通信。

主要是对QLocalServer和QLocalSocket的使用。

QLocalServer

调用 listen(),让服务器开始监听本地套接字上指定关键字的连接。
每次客户端连接到服务器时，都会发出newConnection()信号。
调用nextPendingConnection（）将挂起的连接接受为已连接的QLocalSocket。该函数返回一个指向QLocalSocket的指针，用于与客户端通信。

QLocalSocket

建立连接后，通过套接字收发数据。

Server 程序

Server 类定义

#ifndef SERVER_H
#define SERVER_H#include <QDialog>QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QLabel;
class QPushButton;
class QLocalServer;
QT_END_NAMESPACEclass Server : public QDialog
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit Server(QWidget *parent = nullptr);private slots:void sendFortune();private://QLocalServer接受传入的本地套接字连接。QLocalServer *server;///抽取的签筒,里面放了各种签QStringList fortunes;
};#endif

Server类实现

#include "server.h"#include <QtWidgets>
#include <QtNetwork>Server::Server(QWidget *parent): QDialog(parent)
{setWindowFlags(windowFlags() & ~Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint);server = new QLocalServer(this);//调用 listen（）让服务器开始监听指定关键字（fortune）上的传入连接。if (!server->listen("fortune")) {QMessageBox::critical(this, tr("Local Fortune Server"),tr("Unable to start the server: %1.").arg(server->errorString()));close();return;}QLabel *statusLabel = new QLabel;statusLabel->setWordWrap(true);statusLabel->setText(tr("The server is running.\n""Run the Local Fortune Client example now."));//把各种签放入，签筒fortunes << tr("You've been leading a dog's life. Stay off the furniture.")<< tr("You've got to think about tomorrow.")<< tr("You will be surprised by a loud noise.")<< tr("You will feel hungry again in another hour.")<< tr("You might have mail.")<< tr("You cannot kill time without injuring eternity.")<< tr("Computers are not intelligent. They only think they are.");QPushButton *quitButton = new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));//自动默认按钮 设置为falsequitButton->setAutoDefault(false);connect(quitButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Server::close);//每次客户端连接到服务器时，都会发出newConnection（）信号。connect(server, &QLocalServer::newConnection, this, &Server::sendFortune);QHBoxLayout *buttonLayout = new QHBoxLayout;//一共三格，button在中间，两边为空。buttonLayout->addStretch(1);buttonLayout->addWidget(quitButton);buttonLayout->addStretch(1);QVBoxLayout *mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout(this);mainLayout->addWidget(statusLabel);mainLayout->addLayout(buttonLayout);setWindowTitle(QGuiApplication::applicationDisplayName());
}void Server::sendFortune()
{//const char *的高级版。//支持隐式共享 (copy-on-write)//确保以 '\0'结尾QByteArray block;//构造一个操作字节数组的数据流，QDataStream out(&block, QIODevice::WriteOnly);//如果与使用的QT版本相同可以不设置。out.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_10);const int fortuneIndex = QRandomGenerator::global()->bounded(0, fortunes.size());const QString &message = fortunes.at(fortuneIndex);out << quint32(message.size());out << message;//调用nextPendingConnection（）将挂起的连接接受为已连接的QLocalSocket。//该函数返回一个指向QLocalSocket的指针，用于与客户端通信。QLocalSocket *clientConnection = server->nextPendingConnection();//回收内存connect(clientConnection, &QLocalSocket::disconnected,clientConnection, &QLocalSocket::deleteLater);//block的数据与来自out数据流//将数据从以零结尾的8位字符字符串写入QLocalSocket缓冲。clientConnection->write(block);//QLocalSocket立即开始发送缓冲数据。clientConnection->flush();clientConnection->disconnectFromServer();
}

服务器main函数

#include <QApplication>#include "server.h"int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication app(argc, argv);//后面写成QApplication::tr("Local Fortune Server")也行。//QObject::tr，纯粹是为了加入翻译文件QGuiApplication::setApplicationDisplayName(Server::tr("Local Fortune Server"));Server server;server.show();return app.exec();
}

Clint 程序

Clint类定义

#ifndef CLIENT_H
#define CLIENT_H#include <QDialog>
#include <QDataStream>
#include <QLocalSocket>QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QLabel;
class QLineEdit;
class QPushButton;
QT_END_NAMESPACEclass Client : public QDialog
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit Client(QWidget *parent = nullptr);private slots:void requestNewFortune();void readFortune();void displayError(QLocalSocket::LocalSocketError socketError);void enableGetFortuneButton();private:QLineEdit *hostLineEdit;QPushButton *getFortuneButton;QLabel *statusLabel;QLocalSocket *socket;//接收socket中的数据//正常接收情况下in包括：blockSize和nextFortuneQDataStream in;//服务器发来的“签”的文字长度quint32 blockSize;QString currentFortune;
};#endif

Clint类实现

#include <QtWidgets>
#include <QtNetwork>#include "client.h"Client::Client(QWidget *parent): QDialog(parent),hostLineEdit(new QLineEdit("fortune")),getFortuneButton(new QPushButton(tr("Get Fortune"))),statusLabel(new QLabel(tr("This examples requires that you run the ""Local Fortune Server example as well."))),socket(new QLocalSocket(this))
{setWindowFlags(windowFlags() & ~Qt::WindowContextHelpButtonHint);QLabel *hostLabel = new QLabel(tr("&Server name:"));hostLabel->setBuddy(hostLineEdit);statusLabel->setWordWrap(true);getFortuneButton->setDefault(true);QPushButton *quitButton = new QPushButton(tr("Quit"));QDialogButtonBox *buttonBox = new QDialogButtonBox;buttonBox->addButton(getFortuneButton, QDialogButtonBox::ActionRole);buttonBox->addButton(quitButton, QDialogButtonBox::RejectRole);//从socket获取数据流in.setDevice(socket);in.setVersion(QDataStream::Qt_5_10);//本示例中下面这个connect可以忽略connect(hostLineEdit, &QLineEdit::textChanged,this, &Client::enableGetFortuneButton);connect(getFortuneButton, &QPushButton::clicked,this, &Client::requestNewFortune);connect(quitButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &Client::close);//每当有新的数据可从设备当前的读取通道读取时，就会发出一次readyRead信号。connect(socket, &QLocalSocket::readyRead, this, &Client::readFortune);connect(socket, QOverload<QLocalSocket::LocalSocketError>::of(&QLocalSocket::error),this, &Client::displayError);QGridLayout *mainLayout = new QGridLayout(this);mainLayout->addWidget(hostLabel, 0, 0);mainLayout->addWidget(hostLineEdit, 0, 1);mainLayout->addWidget(statusLabel, 2, 0, 1, 2);mainLayout->addWidget(buttonBox, 3, 0, 1, 2);setWindowTitle(QGuiApplication::applicationDisplayName());hostLineEdit->setFocus();
}void Client::requestNewFortune()
{// 本示例中，下条语句可以忽略getFortuneButton->setEnabled(false);//初始化为0blockSize = 0;//立即中止当前连接并重置套接字。socket->abort();//通过指定的关键字与Server建立连接socket->connectToServer(hostLineEdit->text());
}void Client::readFortune()
{//为blockSize赋值if (blockSize == 0) {// QDataStream将一个quint32序列化为sizeof（quint32）个字节// bytesAvailable返回可供读取的字节数。// 目前我们需要读取的blockSize，类型为quint32if (socket->bytesAvailable() < (int)sizeof(quint32))return;//从socket读取quint32,socket->bytesAvailable() 的值会相应的减少。in >> blockSize;}if (socket->bytesAvailable() < blockSize || in.atEnd())return;QString nextFortune;//从socket读取字符串,socket->bytesAvailable() 的值会相应的减少。in >> nextFortune;//确保这次抽到的签与上次不同if (nextFortune == currentFortune) {//在给定的时间间隔后调用插槽,非常方便的静态函数QTimer::singleShot(0, this, &Client::requestNewFortune);return;}currentFortune = nextFortune;statusLabel->setText(currentFortune);getFortuneButton->setEnabled(true);
}void Client::displayError(QLocalSocket::LocalSocketError socketError)
{switch (socketError) {case QLocalSocket::ServerNotFoundError:QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Local Fortune Client"),tr("The host was not found. Please make sure ""that the server is running and that the ""server name is correct."));break;case QLocalSocket::ConnectionRefusedError:QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Local Fortune Client"),tr("The connection was refused by the peer. ""Make sure the fortune server is running, ""and check that the server name ""is correct."));break;case QLocalSocket::PeerClosedError:break;default:QMessageBox::information(this, tr("Local Fortune Client"),tr("The following error occurred: %1.").arg(socket->errorString()));}getFortuneButton->setEnabled(true);
}void Client::enableGetFortuneButton()
{getFortuneButton->setEnabled(!hostLineEdit->text().isEmpty());
}

客户端 main 函数

#include <QApplication>#include "client.h"int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QApplication app(argc, argv);QGuiApplication::setApplicationDisplayName(Client::tr("Local Fortune Client"));Client client;client.show();return app.exec();
}

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QT5.14.2自带Examples：Local Fortune Server/Client

概述

QLocalServer

QLocalSocket

Server 程序

Server 类定义

Server类实现

服务器main函数

Clint 程序

Clint类定义

Clint类实现

客户端 main 函数

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