OC RSA加密解密

好久好久没有更新了。。。你们等的急不急。。这不，我就姗姗来迟了。。。本文重点讲解一下iOS系统下的RSA加密解密问题。

一般为了安全，私钥是不会给前端暴露出来的，只会通过私钥生成一个公开的公钥提供给外部对数据进行加密。将加密后的数据传给后端，后端使用私钥解密。比如支付宝支付，对接过这个支付的前端应该都知道。RSA的加密强度又有1024、2048之分，值越大，加密强度越高。

具体的使用场景分为两种：

1、自己有公钥文件，即后端生成的给你的一个.der文件，你将其放到你的项目中读取使用

2、你调用接口给你直接返回公钥内容，你只是根据公钥直接加密数据

针对以上两种使用场景，特封装以下两组方法，自己根据实际具体使用。

先上代码：头文件RSATools.h

//
//  RSAtools.h
//  SGBProject
//
//  Created by carbonzhao on 2022/11/23.
//  Copyright © 2022 ZJKJ. All rights reserved.
//#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN@interface RSATools : NSObject
#pragma mark -公钥、私钥文件
/*** 加密方法,如果你使用的是公钥文件** @param str 需要加密的字符串* @param path '.der'格式的公钥文件路径*/
+ (NSString *)encryptPlainText:(NSString *)str publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;
/*** 解密方法，如果你使用的是私钥文件，密码可为空，根据具体实际使用场景传值** @param str 需要解密的字符串* @param path '.p12'格式的私钥文件路径* @param password 私钥文件密码*/
+ (NSString *)decryptPlainText:(NSString *)str privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path password:(NSString *)password;#pragma mark - 公钥私钥数据
/*** 加密方法** @param str 需要加密的字符串,此时不存在文件访问密码，故而不需要设置密码* @param pubKey 公钥字符串*/
+ (NSString *)encryptPlainText:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey;
/*** 解密方法** @param str 需要解密的字符串* @param privKey 私钥字符串*/
+ (NSString *)decryptPlainText:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey;
@endNS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

实现文件：RSATools.m

//
//  RSATools.m
//  RSA
//
//  Created by carbonzhao on 2022/11/23.
//#import "RSATools.h"
#import <Security/Security.h>static NSString *base64_encode_data(NSData *data){data = [data base64EncodedDataWithOptions:0];NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];return ret;
}static NSData *base64_decode(NSString *str){NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];return data;
}@implementation RSATools#pragma mark - 使用'.der'公钥文件加密
//加密
+ (NSString *)encryptPlainText:(NSString *)str publicKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path
{if (!str || !path) return nil;return [self encryptPlainText:str publicKeyRef:[self getPublicKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:path]];
}//获取公钥
+ (SecKeyRef)getPublicKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)filePath
{NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];if (!certData) {return nil;}SecCertificateRef cert = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (CFDataRef)certData);SecKeyRef key = NULL;SecTrustRef trust = NULL;SecPolicyRef policy = NULL;if (cert != NULL) {policy = SecPolicyCreateBasicX509();if (policy) {if (SecTrustCreateWithCertificates((CFTypeRef)cert, policy, &trust) == noErr) {CFErrorRef errRef;if (SecTrustEvaluateWithError(trust, &errRef)){key = SecTrustCopyKey(trust);}}}}if (policy) CFRelease(policy);if (trust) CFRelease(trust);if (cert) CFRelease(cert);return key;
}+ (NSString *)encryptPlainText:(NSString *)str publicKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)publicKeyRef
{if(![str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] || !publicKeyRef){return nil;}NSData *data = [self encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] withKeyRef:publicKeyRef];NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);return ret;
}#pragma mark - 使用'.12'私钥文件解密
//解密
+ (NSString *)decryptPlainText:(NSString *)str privateKeyWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path password:(NSString *)password
{if (!str || !path){return nil;}if (!password){password = @"";}return [self decryptPlainText:str privateKeyRef:[self getPrivateKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:path password:password]];
}//获取私钥
+ (SecKeyRef)getPrivateKeyRefWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)filePath password:(NSString*)password{NSData *p12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];if (!p12Data){return nil;}SecKeyRef privateKeyRef = NULL;NSMutableDictionary * options = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];[options setObject: password forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);OSStatus securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef) p12Data, (__bridge CFDictionaryRef)options, &items);if (securityError == noErr && CFArrayGetCount(items) > 0){CFDictionaryRef identityDict = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items, 0);SecIdentityRef identityApp = (SecIdentityRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(identityDict, kSecImportItemIdentity);securityError = SecIdentityCopyPrivateKey(identityApp, &privateKeyRef);if (securityError != noErr){privateKeyRef = NULL;}}CFRelease(items);return privateKeyRef;
}+ (NSString *)decryptPlainText:(NSString *)str privateKeyRef:(SecKeyRef)privKeyRef{NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];if (!privKeyRef){return nil;}data = [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:privKeyRef];NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];return ret;
}#pragma mark - 使用公钥字符串加密
/* START: Encryption with RSA public key */
//使用公钥字符串加密
+ (NSString *)encryptPlainText:(NSString *)str publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey
{NSData *data = [self encryptData:[str dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] publicKey:pubKey];NSString *ret = base64_encode_data(data);return ret;
}+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data publicKey:(NSString *)pubKey
{if(!data || !pubKey){return nil;}SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPublicKey:pubKey];if(!keyRef){return nil;}return [self encryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}+ (SecKeyRef)addPublicKey:(NSString *)key
{NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----"];NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"];if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;NSUInteger e = epos.location;NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);key = [key substringWithRange:range];}key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.NSData *data = base64_decode(key);data = [self stripPublicKeyHeader:data];if(!data){return nil;}//a tag to read/write keychain storageNSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PubKey";NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];// Delete any old lingering key with the same tagNSMutableDictionary *publicKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];[publicKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey);// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain[publicKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPublic forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClass];[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, &persistKey);if (persistKey != nil){CFRelease(persistKey);}if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {return nil;}[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];[publicKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];[publicKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];[publicKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the keySecKeyRef keyRef = nil;status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)publicKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);if(status != noErr){return nil;}return keyRef;
}+ (NSData *)stripPublicKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key{// Skip ASN.1 public key headerif (d_key == nil) return(nil);unsigned long len = [d_key length];if (!len) return(nil);unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];unsigned int idx = 0;if (c_key[idx++] != 0x30) return(nil);if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;else idx++;// PKCS #1 rsaEncryption szOID_RSA_RSAstatic unsigned char seqiod[] ={ 0x30, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x01,0x01, 0x05, 0x00 };if (memcmp(&c_key[idx], seqiod, 15)) return(nil);idx += 15;if (c_key[idx++] != 0x03) return(nil);if (c_key[idx] > 0x80) idx += c_key[idx] - 0x80 + 1;else idx++;if (c_key[idx++] != '\0') return(nil);// Now make a new NSData from this bufferreturn ([NSData dataWithBytes:&c_key[idx] length:len - idx]);
}+ (NSData *)encryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);void *outbuf = malloc(block_size);size_t src_block_size = block_size - 11;NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);size_t data_len = srclen - idx;if(data_len > src_block_size){data_len = src_block_size;}size_t outlen = block_size;OSStatus status = noErr;status = SecKeyEncrypt(keyRef,kSecPaddingPKCS1,srcbuf + idx,data_len,outbuf,&outlen);if (status != 0) {NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);ret = nil;break;}else{[ret appendBytes:outbuf length:outlen];}}free(outbuf);CFRelease(keyRef);return ret;
}/* END: Encryption with RSA public key */
#pragma mark - 使用私钥字符串解密
/* START: Decryption with RSA private key */
//使用私钥字符串解密
+ (NSString *)decryptPlainText:(NSString *)str privateKey:(NSString *)privKey
{if (!str) return nil;NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:str options:NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters];data = [self decryptData:data privateKey:privKey];NSString *ret = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];return ret;
}+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data privateKey:(NSString *)privKey
{if(!data || !privKey){return nil;}SecKeyRef keyRef = [self addPrivateKey:privKey];if(!keyRef){return nil;}return [self decryptData:data withKeyRef:keyRef];
}+ (SecKeyRef)addPrivateKey:(NSString *)key
{NSRange spos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];NSRange epos = [key rangeOfString:@"-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"];if(spos.location != NSNotFound && epos.location != NSNotFound){NSUInteger s = spos.location + spos.length;NSUInteger e = epos.location;NSRange range = NSMakeRange(s, e-s);key = [key substringWithRange:range];}key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\r" withString:@""];key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\n" withString:@""];key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\t" withString:@""];key = [key stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@" " withString:@""];// This will be base64 encoded, decode it.NSData *data = base64_decode(key);data = [self stripPrivateKeyHeader:data];if(!data){return nil;}//a tag to read/write keychain storageNSString *tag = @"RSAUtil_PrivKey";NSData *d_tag = [NSData dataWithBytes:[tag UTF8String] length:[tag length]];// Delete any old lingering key with the same tagNSMutableDictionary *privateKey = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecClassKey forKey:(__bridge id)kSecClass];[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];[privateKey setObject:d_tag forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrApplicationTag];SecItemDelete((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey);// Add persistent version of the key to system keychain[privateKey setObject:data forKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyClass];[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];CFTypeRef persistKey = nil;OSStatus status = SecItemAdd((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, &persistKey);if (persistKey != nil){CFRelease(persistKey);}if ((status != noErr) && (status != errSecDuplicateItem)) {return nil;}[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecValueData];[privateKey removeObjectForKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnPersistentRef];[privateKey setObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:(__bridge id)kSecReturnRef];[privateKey setObject:(__bridge id) kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA forKey:(__bridge id)kSecAttrKeyType];// Now fetch the SecKeyRef version of the keySecKeyRef keyRef = nil;status = SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge CFDictionaryRef)privateKey, (CFTypeRef *)&keyRef);if(status != noErr){return nil;}return keyRef;
}+ (NSData *)stripPrivateKeyHeader:(NSData *)d_key
{// Skip ASN.1 private key headerif (d_key == nil) return(nil);unsigned long len = [d_key length];if (!len) return(nil);unsigned char *c_key = (unsigned char *)[d_key bytes];unsigned int idx = 22; //magic byte at offset 22if (0x04 != c_key[idx++]) return nil;//calculate length of the keyunsigned int c_len = c_key[idx++];int det = c_len & 0x80;if (!det) {c_len = c_len & 0x7f;} else {int byteCount = c_len & 0x7f;if (byteCount + idx > len) {//rsa length field longer than bufferreturn nil;}unsigned int accum = 0;unsigned char *ptr = &c_key[idx];idx += byteCount;while (byteCount) {accum = (accum << 8) + *ptr;ptr++;byteCount--;}c_len = accum;}// Now make a new NSData from this bufferreturn [d_key subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(idx, c_len)];
}+ (NSData *)decryptData:(NSData *)data withKeyRef:(SecKeyRef) keyRef{const uint8_t *srcbuf = (const uint8_t *)[data bytes];size_t srclen = (size_t)data.length;size_t block_size = SecKeyGetBlockSize(keyRef) * sizeof(uint8_t);UInt8 *outbuf = malloc(block_size);size_t src_block_size = block_size;NSMutableData *ret = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];for(int idx=0; idx<srclen; idx+=src_block_size){//NSLog(@"%d/%d block_size: %d", idx, (int)srclen, (int)block_size);size_t data_len = srclen - idx;if(data_len > src_block_size){data_len = src_block_size;}size_t outlen = block_size;OSStatus status = noErr;status = SecKeyDecrypt(keyRef,kSecPaddingNone,srcbuf + idx,data_len,outbuf,&outlen);if (status != 0) {NSLog(@"SecKeyEncrypt fail. Error Code: %d", status);ret = nil;break;}else{//the actual decrypted data is in the middle, locate it!int idxFirstZero = -1;int idxNextZero = (int)outlen;for ( int i = 0; i < outlen; i++ ) {if ( outbuf[i] == 0 ) {if ( idxFirstZero < 0 ) {idxFirstZero = i;} else {idxNextZero = i;break;}}}[ret appendBytes:&outbuf[idxFirstZero+1] length:idxNextZero-idxFirstZero-1];}}free(outbuf);CFRelease(keyRef);return ret;
}
@end

测试方法：首先先登录下面的网站:http://web.chacuo.net/netrsakeypair, ,这是一个在线生成RSA秘钥的网站, 生成公钥和秘钥后, 复制出来用于测试.注意使用时要删除掉前面:

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----

-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

这两组标签，同时删除回车换行符！！！！。

NSString *encryptStr = [RSATools encryptPlainText:originalString publicKey:@"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA+MWh4qVoaGpC17Fh9Ybbci9dQpJ6SUAqKCcT4SVcRFyvLQqj68RLDHZsA9TcjSYUpm2YS7bi0vJXPBHRgZpthhH6wcEgF+7OAdQAfKsaQ20wHjUMU8k5qyK8KGj6oVbWJxGoFOtKSXNdRLSn9immUX+EDZvcfzkd8NSJV/SDTunHxtIZ/w/KHnMeeSioNpNq2lKnQsXeJzA9CDoc1tUMbcVmKO0Rplygq4bOOQTFBZnzzGIxNjJFPo24IUEQ3mwl/36NvioT9vva4XJy+DY1Xz+7QY+rPb9FmW5rbg+TuYc7J+82BpJ2BihLt/b2507UFsNgJ6SMmn3cmX0INdr0mwIDAQAB"];NSLog(@"加密前:%@", originalString);NSLog(@"加密后:%@", encryptStr);NSString *deText = [RSATools decryptPlainText:encryptStr privateKey:@"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"];NSLog(@"解密后:%@", deText);

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