工业相机是什么镜头

The lens you use has a huge effect on how your photos look. A wide-angle lens will give you a much greater field of view, while a telephoto lens will magnify distant objects. These aren’t perfect, though: the photo will look like it was taken with whatever lens you used.

您使用的镜头对照片的外观有很大的影响。 广角镜头将为您提供更大的视野 ，而长焦镜头将放大远处的物体。 不过，这些效果并不完美：照片看起来像是用您使用的任何镜头拍摄的。

There are weird optical quirks like barrel distortion with wide-angle lenses—straight lines appear to curve—and compression with telephoto lenses—objects appear much closer together—that come with using different lenses.

使用不同的镜头会产生奇怪的光学怪癖，例如使用广角镜的镜筒畸变(直线似乎弯曲)和使用远摄镜的压缩(物体看起来更近)，这是使用不同的镜头带来的。

So what do you do if you want a photo to look something like the real world? For everything to appear how you see it in front of you and not strangely distorted by your lens? That’s when you use a “normal lens”.

那么，如果您希望照片看起来像真实世界，该怎么办？ 为了让一切呈现在您眼前，又不会因为镜头而异常扭曲？ 那就是当您使用“普通镜头”时。

什么是普通镜头？ (What Is a Normal Lens?)

A normal lens is one that best approximates the optical characteristics of the human eye. In other words, the photos taken with a normal lens look closest to how we see the world. This has nothing to do with aperture, but is entirely dependent on the focal length of the lens.

普通镜片是最能逼近人眼光学特性的镜片。 换句话说，使用普通镜头拍摄的照片看起来与我们看世界的方式最接近。 这与光圈无关，但完全取决于镜头的焦距。

It’s difficult to perfectly compare human vision to cameras; both work in very different ways. Our eyes aren’t the equivalent of any specific lens. Instead, there are a range of focal lengths that will create photos that look roughly the same. There will always be differences, but the photos shouldn’t look distorted like a wide-angle or telephoto photo can.

很难将人的视觉与相机完美地比较。 两者的工作方式截然不同。 我们的眼睛并不等同于任何特定的镜头。 取而代之的是，存在一定范围的焦距，这些焦距将创建看起来大致相同的照片。 总是会有差异，但是照片不应看起来像广角或远摄照片一样。

On a full-frame camera, a normal lens is considered to have a focal length of 50mm. This was set by the creator of the Leica camera system, Oskar Barnack, pretty much arbitrarily. In reality, any lens with a focal length of between about 40mm and 58mm will look roughly like how things appear to your eyes.

在全画幅相机上，普通镜头的焦距为50mm。 这是由徕卡相机系统的创建者Oskar Barnack任意设定的。 实际上，任何焦距在40mm到58mm之间的镜头看起来都将看起来像您的眼睛。

On a crop sensor camera, a normal lens is usually taken to be about 35mm, although any lens with a focal length that falls between about 28mm and 36mm will work.

在农作物传感器相机上 ，通常的镜头通常约为35mm，尽管任何焦距在28mm至36mm之间的镜头都可以使用。

比较镜头 (Comparing Lenses)

Here are three photos of the same scene, though I’ve moved the camera position to keep the size of the subject approximately the same. This one was taken with a normal lens. Everything looks pretty much as it should. The photo looks very much how you would see the street and car if you were there.

这是同一场景的三张照片，尽管我已经移动了相机的位置以使拍摄对象的尺寸大致相同。 这是用普通镜片拍摄的。 一切看起来都差不多。 这张照片看起来很像您在那儿看到的街道和汽车。

This one was taken with a wide-angle lens, and you can see how the car has become distorted. It’s a really weird perspective. The wall to the right that appeared in the other two photos is now far off in the background.

这是用广角镜拍摄的，您可以看到汽车如何变形。 这真是一个奇怪的观点。 其他两张照片中出现的右侧墙现在离背景很远。

Finally, this one was taken with a telephoto lens, which totally changes the photo. Notice how much closer the house in the background appears to the car. Everything is a bit flatter.

最后，这是用远摄镜头拍摄的，它可以完全改变照片。 请注意，背景中的房子离汽车有多近。 一切都比较讨人喜欢。

You can see how, when we keep the objects roughly the same size in the frame, the look of the normal lens just feels right.

您可以看到，当我们将物体保持在镜架中大致相同的尺寸时，普通镜头的外观感觉恰到好处。

普通镜片的优缺点 (The Pros and Cons of Normal Lenses)

The biggest advantage of the normal lens is that everything looks…well, normal. This is also its biggest disadvantage. Photos taken with a normal lens are as accurate a reflection of real life as is possible with a camera. If what’s happening is interesting and engaging, it can add to the realism of the photo. If what’s happening is relatively mundane, the image will appear boring.

普通镜头的最大优点是，一切看起来……正常。 这也是它的最大缺点。 用普通镜头拍摄的照片可以像使用相机一样准确地反映现实生活。 如果发生的事情很有趣且引人入胜，则可以增加照片的真实感。 如果正在发生的事情相对平凡，则图像将显得无聊。

A normal lens is very easy to use. You can quickly predict how different things will appear in your photo just by looking around you. What you see is pretty much how things will appear in your photos. When you’re starting out, this means you can just focus on learning how to take accurate exposures without having to worry too much about composition. Just point your camera at what you can see and press the shutter button.

普通镜头非常易于使用。 您只需环顾四周，即可快速预测照片中将出现的不同事物。 您所看到的几乎是事物在照片中的显示方式。 一开始，这意味着您可以专注于学习如何进行准确的曝光，而不必太担心构图。 只需将相机对准您可以看到的地方，然后按快门按钮即可。

Normal lenses are also very versatile. As long as you’re prepared to move around, you’ll be able to shoot most things. I’ve taken great portraits, landscapes and even sports photos with a normal lens. It’s only at the extremes, like when you want a really wide sweeping landscape or to zoom in close on a small bird in a tree, that they don’t really work.

普通镜片也非常通用。 只要您准备四处走动，就可以拍摄大多数东西。 我用普通的镜头拍摄了很棒的人像，风景甚至运动照片。 只是在极端情况下(例如，当您想要一个非常宽广的全景或放大树中的一只小鸟时)，它们才真正起作用。

可以使用哪些普通镜头？ (What Normal Lenses are Available?)

While most zoom lenses cover the normal focal length range, if you want a dedicated normal lens you have a few options. Here’s what we recommend.

虽然大多数变焦镜头都覆盖正常焦距范围，但是如果您想要专用的普通镜头，则可以选择几种方法。 这是我们的建议。

佳能 (Canon)

• Full Frame: Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM.

  全画幅： 佳能EF 50mm f / 1.8 STM 。

• Crop Sensor: Canon EF-S 35mm f/2.8 Macro IS STM.

  裁剪传感器： 佳能EF-S 35mm f / 2.8 Macro IS STM 。

尼康 (Nikon)

• Full Frame: Nikon AF-S FX NIKKOR 50mm f/1.8G.

  全画幅： 尼康AF-S FX尼克尔50mm f / 1.8G 。

• Crop Sensor: Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 35mm f/1.8G.

  裁剪传感器： 尼康AF-S DX尼克尔35mm f / 1.8G 。

A normal lens is a great go-to. It’s very flexible and easy to use. While they won’t take wide sweeping landscapes or super close-up sport photos, there’s very little else they won’t at least work for.

普通镜头是一个不错的选择。 它非常灵活且易于使用。 尽管他们不会拍摄宽广的风景或超级特写运动照片，但他们至少不会为其他目的而工作。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/309816/what-is-a-normal-camera-lens/

工业相机是什么镜头