Elasticsearch match和term查询的区别

区别

match
全文搜索, 通常用于对text类型字段的查询,会对进行查询的文本先进行分词操作,如下图

term
精确查询,通常用于对keyword和有精确值的字段进行查询,不会对进行查询的文本进行分词操作,精确匹配,如下图

实例说明

新建索引
添加数据
测试分词效果
测试match查询
测试term查询

新建索引
添加一个text类型的字段,使用ik_max_word分析器

PUT /testquery
{"mappings": {"books":{"properties": { "bookName":{"type":"text","analyzer": "ik_max_word"}}}}
}

添加数据

POST /testquery/books
{"bookName":"Java编程思想"
}

测试分词效果

GET /_analyze
{"analyzer": "ik_max_word","text": ["Java编程思想"]
}

结果

{"tokens": [{"token": "java","start_offset": 0,"end_offset": 4,"type": "ENGLISH","position": 0},{"token": "编程","start_offset": 4,"end_offset": 6,"type": "CN_WORD","position": 1},{"token": "思想","start_offset": 6,"end_offset": 8,"type": "CN_WORD","position": 2}]
}

所以,Java编程思想实际分词效果如下

测试match查询,进行分词操作
查询 Java

先看看 Java 的分词效果

GET /_analyze
{"analyzer": "ik_max_word","text": ["Java"]
}

{"tokens": [{"token": "java","start_offset": 0,"end_offset": 4,"type": "ENGLISH","position": 0}]
}

存在, 所以是可以查询到的

POST /testquery/books/_search
{"query": {"match": {"bookName": "Java"}}
}

{"took": 60,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.2876821,"hits": [{"_index": "testquery","_type": "books","_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"bookName": "Java编程思想"}}]}
}

查询 Java思想
查看分词效果

GET /_analyze
{"analyzer": "ik_max_word","text": ["Java思想"]
}

{"tokens": [{"token": "java","start_offset": 0,"end_offset": 4,"type": "ENGLISH","position": 0},{"token": "思想","start_offset": 4,"end_offset": 6,"type": "CN_WORD","position": 1}]
}

存在, 所以也是可以查询到的

POST /testquery/books/_search
{"query": {"match": {"bookName": "Java思想"}}
}

{"took": 2,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.5753642,"hits": [{"_index": "testquery","_type": "books","_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL","_score": 0.5753642,"_source": {"bookName": "Java编程思想"}}]}
}

测试term查询, 不进行分词操作
查询 java
查看上面的分词结果, java是在分词结果中的,所以可以查询到

POST /testquery/books/_search
{"query": {"term": {"bookName": "java"}}
}

{"took": 7,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 1,"max_score": 0.2876821,"hits": [{"_index": "testquery","_type": "books","_id": "vYOz-msB_TzP5bFY5JlL","_score": 0.2876821,"_source": {"bookName": "Java编程思想"}}]}
}

查询 Java
Java不在上面的分词结果中, 结果当然就查询不到

POST /testquery/books/_search
{"query": {"term": {"bookName": "Java"}}
}

{"took": 0,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 0,"max_score": null,"hits": []}
}

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Elasticsearch match和term查询的区别

区别

实例说明

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