Python 爬虫实战 汽车某家(四) 车型配置
2024-04-11 14:35:39
文章目录
- 一、工具选择
- 二、demo示例
- 三、完整代码
前言：汽车之家车型配置数据是js加载＋js动态伪元素防爬加载，原始页面中不存在任何数据，因此通过scrapy显式爬取已经不太可能，通过查阅大量资料发现通过所见即所得可以爬取到显式的值，但是对于伪元素加载的值是无法爬取到的，这就需要转个弯，既然隐式爬取不到，那么把隐式的值转为显式的不就可以爬取到了吗！还真是，通过测试验证成功，下面请看爬取demo吧！
一、工具选择
所见即所得工具有selenium,并且还支持js执行，正好符合需求
二、demo示例
import scrapy,pymysql,re
from selenium import webdriver
from scrapy import Selector
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time# 1、利用selenium获取加载后的网页
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaiturl="https://car.autohome.com.cn/config/spec/32253.html"
dr=webdriver.Chrome()
dr.get(url)
#time.sleep(3)
wait=WebDriverWait(dr,3)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'tab_0')))
page=dr.page_source# 2、将page转换为Scrapy的Selector，以便于通过selector语法选择操作元素
res=Selector(text=page)# 3、获取所有的table的父元素
configDiv=res.css("#config_data")# 4、获取configDiv下的所有table
tableList=configDiv.xpath("table")
print(len(tableList))#取出一个伪元素测试
cloData=tableList[1].xpath(".//tr")[1].xpath(".//a")
className=cloData[0].xpath("span/@class").extract_first()
print(className)# 打印出厂字了，商字使用了伪元素
#根据span的class名通过selenium执行js获取其值
js="return window.getComputedStyle(document.getElementsByClassName('" + className + "')[0], 'before').getPropertyValue('content')"
word=dr.execute_script(js)
#获取到span的值后，将span的class样式删除，显示赋值
removeScripts="var arr = document.getElementsByClassName('"+className+"');arr[0].classList.remove('"+className+"');arr[0].innerHTML="+word+";arr[0].classList.remove('"+className+"');"
dr.execute_script(removeScripts)print(dr.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/table[2]/tbody/tr[2]/th/div/a").text)三、完整代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time, re,timeit,random,traceback
from scrapy import Selectorclass ConfigSpider(object):# 请求计数器requestCount=0# 保存计数器saveCount=0# 保存车型数量specCount=0# 错误计数errorCount=0# 错误信息格式errorModel="{count:%s,class:%s,method:%s,errorInfo:%s}"# 当前请求发生错误的链接curentLink=""# 插入行统计rowCount = 0# 统计车型数totalSpecCount=0https = "https:%s"host = "https://car.autohome.com.cn%s"configLinkModel = "https://car.autohome.com.cn/config/spec/%s.html"# 属性分类dictshuxingTypeDic = dict() ## 某属性分类下面所有的属性dict集合 {shuxingType:{shuxingName:shuxingValue,,,},,,}typeShuxingDic=dict()# 车型id的set集合记录已经保存到数据中的车型id，用于判重，若该集合中已存在车型id则证明已经保存过了，无需再请求保存specIdSet=set()# 车型属性表中已经存在的车型ID，该集合代表已经爬取过的车型existChexingIdSet=set()# 车型表中所有的id集合,该集合代表所有的车型idchexingIdSet=set()shuxingDic = dict() # {"name":"id"}browser = webdriver.Chrome()def process(self):try:# 运行开始计时startTime=timeit.default_timer()# 初始化shuxingTypeDic shuxingDicself.shuxingTypeDic = MySqlUtils.queryShuxingType()self.typeShuxingDic = MySqlUtils.queryTypeShuxingDic()self.shuxingDic = MySqlUtils.queryShuxing()# 查询所有的车型id集合specLinks=MySqlUtils.querySpecLink()self.chexingIdSet=MySqlUtils.parseChexingIdTupeListToSet(specLinks)# 查询车型属性表中已存在的车型id集合，即为已爬取过的ids=MySqlUtils.queryExistChexingIds()self.existChexingIdSet=MySqlUtils.parseChexingIdTupeListToSet(ids)# 用所有的车型id集合减去车型属性表中已经存在的车型ID集合，即得出未爬取的车型id集合crawlIdSet=self.chexingIdSet - self.existChexingIdSetprint("chexingIdSet:%s" % len(self.chexingIdSet))print(("existChexingIdSet:%s" % len(self.existChexingIdSet)))print("------------------------>本次需爬取车型数量为：%s" % len(crawlIdSet))for item in specLinks:# 如果不存在于待爬id集合中，则证明已经爬取过 不用再爬if item[0] not in crawlIdSet:continue# 检测该车型ID在车型属性数据中是否存在，若已存在则证明已经爬过不用再重复爬取# isInsert=MySqlUtils.queryChexingShuxingById((item[0])) # todo 优化地方：当车型属性表数据量达到百万级后查询时会有损效率，可以考虑将爬过的车型id保存到redis中，或者mysql临时表中，或者使用set集合exist = item[0] in self.specIdSetif exist :continuecircleStartTime = timeit.default_timer()# 2、摸拟浏览器请求获取页面configUrl = self.configLinkModel % item[0]step1Time=timeit.default_timer()if not self.requestConfigLink(configUrl):#请求超时，证明没有数据，返回请求下一个print("请求超时")self.specIdSet.add(item[0])continue# 解析出页面所有的spanclassNameSet=self.parseSpanClassName()# 将伪元素翻译成页面上的显式值step2Time=timeit.default_timer()self.translatePage(classNameSet)# 取出最新的page_sourcepage_source=self.browser.page_source# 将page_source装入到Selector中page=Selector(text=page_source)# 解析导航栏中车型idchexingIdList=self.parseChexingIdList(page)# 定位数据table所在的divdataDiv=page.css("#config_data")# 定位tabletableList=dataDiv.xpath("table[@id]")# 提取值并保存到数据库step3Time=timeit.default_timer()self.parseTable(chexingIdList,tableList)# 统计一次完整请求解析入库的时间circleEndTime=timeit.default_timer()print("onecircleCastTime--> %s requestCastTime-->%s translateCastTime-->%s parseTableAndSaveCastTime-->%s" % (str(circleEndTime-circleStartTime),str(step2Time-step1Time),str(step3Time-step2Time),str(circleEndTime-step3Time)))endTime = timeit.default_timer()print(round(endTime-startTime))except Exception as e:print(traceback.print_exc())self.errorCount += 1error = self.errorModel % (self.errorCount, "configSpider", "process", str(e))self.writeError(error)# 请求车型配置页面def requestConfigLink(self, configUrl):try:#configUrl="https://car.autohome.com.cn/config/spec/20211.html" #该请求没有配置数据self.requestCount+=1self.browser.get(configUrl)wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 10)wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.tbcs')))time.sleep(0.1) # 若不加一个会发生页面没有完全渲染self.curentLink=configUrlreturn Trueexcept Exception as e:return False# 解析导航栏中各车型iddef parseChexingIdList(self,page):# 获取导航栏中车型idchexingIdList=list()try:tableNavTdList=page.css(".tbset").xpath(".//tr").xpath(".//td")for td in tableNavTdList:href=td.xpath("div/div/a/@href").extract_first()#print(href)if href:id=href[href.find("spec/") + 5:href.find("/#")]chexingIdList.append(id)#向已爬取车型集合中添加车型id，用于判重self.specIdSet.add(id)# print(chexingIdList)self.specCount+=len(chexingIdList)except Exception as e:self.errorCount += 1error = self.errorModel % (self.errorCount, "configSpider", "parseChexingIdList", str(e))self.writeError(error)return chexingIdList# 解析伪元素class，获取className不重复的集合def parseSpanClassName(self):# 定义存放className的set集合classNameSet=set()try:# 取出page_sourcepage_source=self.browser.page_source# 转selector取值page=Selector(text=page_source)# 定位table所在的divdataDiv=page.css("#config_data")# 定位div中所有的spanspanList=dataDiv.xpath(".//span[@class]")for span in spanList:#print(span.xpath("@class").extract_first())className=span.xpath("@class").extract_first()if className and re.match(r'^\w*_\w*_\w*$',className):classNameSet.add(className)except Exception as e:self.errorCount += 1error = self.errorModel % (self.errorCount, "configSpider", "parseSpanClassName", str(e))self.writeError(error)return classNameSet# 翻译整个页面伪元素def translatePage(self,classNameSet):classNameRecorde = ""try:# 执行js，根据className取值，再显式赋值preGetImplicitContentJs="return window.getComputedStyle(document.getElementsByClassName('%s')[0], 'before').getPropertyValue('content')"preSetViewableContenJs = """var arr = document.getElementsByClassName('%s');if (arr != undefined && arr.length > 0){for(i=0;i<arr.length;i++){arr[i].innerHTML=%s;}}"""for className in classNameSet:classNameRecorde=classNamegetImplicitContentJs=preGetImplicitContentJs % classNamecontent=self.browser.execute_script(getImplicitContentJs)#print(content)# 再次执行js，反向回显内容setViewableContenJs=preSetViewableContenJs % (className,content)self.browser.execute_script(setViewableContenJs)# 页面翻译完成except Exception as e:self.errorCount += 1error = self.errorModel % (self.errorCount, "configSpider", "translatePage", "url->"+self.curentLink+",spanClassName->"+classNameRecorde+","+str(e))self.writeError(error)def parseTable(self,chexingIdList,tableList):shuxingCount=0try:paramsList = list()for table in tableList:#print(table.xpath("@id").extract_first()+"-->"+table.xpath("tbody/tr[1]/th/h3/span/text()").extract_first())# 取出tr/html/body/div[3]/div[3]/table[3]/tbody/tr[1]/th/h3trList=table.xpath(".//tr")shuxingTypeName = ""shuxingTypeId = ""# 定义车型属性集合，作为插入数据库中的参数shuxingDic = dict()for index,tr in enumerate(trList):shuxingName = ""shuxingId = ""# 第一个是属性类别if index == 0:shuxingTypeName=tr.xpath("string(.)").extract_first()shuxingTypeId=self.shuxingTypeDic.get(shuxingTypeName)# 根据属性类别名既可以取出该类别下所有的属性shuxingDic=self.typeShuxingDic.get(shuxingTypeName)# 如果属性字典为None则需要完善属性类和属性if not shuxingDic:filename = "/Users/guohan/DeskTop/shuxingError.txt"error = "{url:%s,shuxingTypeName:%s}" % (chexingIdList[0],shuxingTypeName)with open(filename, 'a') as f: # 'a'表示append,即在原来文件内容后继续写数据（不清楚原有数据）f.write(error)f.flush()f.close()continue# 解析属性名和属性值tdList=tr.xpath("*")for i,td in enumerate(tdList):# 第一个td就是属性名，后面的都是属性值if i == 0 :shuxingCount+=1shuxingName=td.xpath("string(.)").extract_first()# 根据属性名获取属性idif shuxingDic:shuxingId = shuxingDic.get(shuxingName)# 若发现属性表中未定义该属性字段，则自动插入一条属性if (shuxingId == None or shuxingId == "") and shuxingName != '外观颜色' and shuxingName != '内饰颜色' and shuxingTypeName != "选装包":shuxingId=shuxingTypeId+"_"+ str(round(time.time() * 1000000))insertParams=(shuxingId,shuxingTypeId,shuxingName)MySqlUtils.insertOneShuxing(insertParams)shuxingDic.setdefault(shuxingName,shuxingId)#print(shuxingName,shuxingId)continue# 解析属性值if i-1 < len(chexingIdList):# 如果是外观或内饰颜色，则单独取值if shuxingName == '外观颜色' or shuxingName == '内饰颜色':shuxingId = self.typeShuxingDic.get('车身/内饰颜色').get(shuxingName)shuxingTypeId=self.shuxingTypeDic.get('车身/内饰颜色')# 每种颜色用中文名和颜色值表示，用冒号分隔，一组颜色用分号分隔，不同组之间用逗号分隔，示例： 颜色中文名:颜色rgb值,颜色rgb值;颜色中文名:颜色rgb值colors=""liList=td.xpath(".//li")for li in liList:colorName=Noneif li.xpath("a/@title").extract_first():colorName=li.xpath("a/@title").extract_first()elif li.xpath("span/@title").extract_first():colorName=li.xpath("span/@title").extract_first()colorGroup=colorName+":"emList=li.xpath("span/em[@style]")for em in emList:style=em.xpath("@style").extract_first()colorGroup+=style[style.find(":")+1:style.find(";")]+","colorGroup=colorGroup.rstrip(",")colors+=colorGroup+";"shuxingValue=colors.rstrip(";")# print("---------------------%s-----------------" % colors)elif not shuxingTypeId:continueelse:shuxingValue = td.xpath("string(.)").extract_first()# 检测\ax0shuxingValue="".join(shuxingValue.split())# print("lllllllllllllllll:"+str(len(chexingIdList))+" iiiiiiiiiiiiii:"+str(i-1))#print("values-->:",chexingIdList[i-1],shuxingTypeId,shuxingId)chexingShuxingId=chexingIdList[i-1]+"_"+ shuxingTypeId+"_"+shuxingId+"_"+str(random.randint(0,10000))valueTupe=(chexingShuxingId,chexingIdList[i-1],shuxingId,shuxingName,shuxingValue) #(车型属性表ID，车型id，属性id，属性名，属性值)paramsList.append(valueTupe)self.rowCount += 1#print(valueTupe)#print("shuxingName:%s,shuxingId:%s,self.rowCount:%s" % (shuxingName,shuxingId,self.rowCount))# 保存到数据库self.saveCount += 1# print("saveCount--------------------------> %s" % self.saveCount)MySqlUtils.insertChexingShuxing(paramsList)print("saveCount:%s ,saveSpecCount: %s ,shuxingCount: %s ,rowCount: %s" % (self.saveCount,self.specCount,shuxingCount,self.rowCount))except Exception as e:print(traceback.print_exc())self.errorCount+=1error=self.errorModel % (self.errorCount,"configSpider","parseTable",str(e))self.writeError(error)def writeError(self,error):filename="/Users/guohan/DeskTop/error.txt"with open(filename, 'a') as f: # 'a'表示append,即在原来文件内容后继续写数据（不清楚原有数据）f.write(error)f.flush()f.close()import pymysql, timeitclass MySqlUtils(object):errorModel = "{count:%s,class:%s,method:%s,errorInfo:%s}"errorCount = 0vcar_host = "10.1.11.129"var_password = '12345'# 获取数据库链接@classmethoddef getConnection(cls):conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='vcar_vcyber_com', port=3306,charset='utf8')return conn@classmethoddef queryBrandId(cls):# self.log("start query --------------------------------")queryList = list()try:conn = cls.getConnection()cur = conn.cursor()sql = """SELECT `vcar_pinpai`.`pinpaiID`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_pinpai`;"""cur.execute(sql)res = cur.fetchall()# for item in res:# print(item)# self.log(item)# 返回的是列表，列表元素类型是元组[(),(),,]return resexcept Exception as e:pass# print(e)# self.log(e)# self.log("查询失败")finally:cur.close()conn.close()# self.log("end query ----------------------------------")# 查询车系信息，返回元组(brandId,seriesId,seriesLink)@classmethoddef querySeriesLink(cls):sql = """SELECT `vcar_chexi`.`pinpaiID`,`vcar_chexi`.`chexiID`,`vcar_chexi`.`url`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_chexi`;"""try:# 获取数据连接conn = cls.getConnection()# 获取查询游标cursor = conn.cursor()# 执行查询cursor.execute(sql)# 获取结果res = cursor.fetchall()# for item in res:# print(item)return resexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 查询车型链接信息@classmethoddef querySpecLink(self):sql = """SELECT `vcar_chexing`.`chexingID`,`vcar_chexing`.`pinpaiID`,`vcar_chexing`.`chexiID`,`vcar_chexing`.`name`,`vcar_chexing`.`url`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_chexing`;"""try:conn = self.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute(sql)res = cursor.fetchall()# for item in res:# print(item)return resexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 返回一个以属性id为key，属性名为value的字典@classmethoddef queryShuxing(cls):sql = """SELECT `vcar_shuxing`.`shuxingID`,`vcar_shuxing`.`name`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_shuxing`;"""try:if id:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute(sql)res = cursor.fetchall()# 转为Dic数据类型shuxingDic = dict()for item in res:shuxingDic.setdefault(item[1], item[0])return shuxingDicelse:return Noneexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 查询属性类型表返回以属性名作为key，属性id为value的字典@classmethoddef queryShuxingType(cls):sql = """SELECT `vcar_shuxingtype`.`name`,`vcar_shuxingtype`.`shuxingTypeID`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_shuxingtype`;"""try:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute(sql)res = cursor.fetchall()# 转Dict数据类型typeDict = dict()for item in res:typeDict.setdefault(item[0], item[1])return typeDictexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 查询属性type下的属性集合{shuxingType:{shuxingName:shuxingValue,,,},,,}@classmethoddef queryTypeShuxingDic(cls):typeDic = cls.queryShuxingType()sql = """SELECT `vcar_shuxing`.`shuxingID`,`vcar_shuxing`.`name`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_shuxing` where shuxingTypeID=%s """typeShuxingDic = dict()try:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()for key in typeDic.keys():typeId = typeDic.get(key)cursor.execute(sql, typeId)res = cursor.fetchall()shuxingDic = dict()for item in res:shuxingDic.setdefault(item[1], item[0])typeShuxingDic.setdefault(key, shuxingDic)return typeShuxingDicexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 插入到属性表@classmethoddef insertIntoShuxing(cls, params):sql = """INSERT INTO `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_shuxing`(`shuxingID`,`shuxingTypeID`,`name`)VALUES(%s,%s,%s);"""try:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()res = cursor.executemany(sql, params)conn.commit()return resexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()@classmethoddef queryChexingShuxingById(cls, id):startTime = timeit.default_timer()sql = """SELECT `vcar_chexingshuxing`.`chexingID`FROM `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_chexingshuxing`where chexingID=%s;"""try:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute(sql, id)res = cursor.fetchone()endTime = timeit.default_timer()print("queryIsInsertCastTime------------------->: %s" % str(endTime - startTime))if res:return Trueelse:return Falseexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()@classmethoddef insertOneShuxing(cls, params):sql = """INSERT INTO `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_shuxing`(`shuxingID`,`shuxingTypeID`,`name`)VALUES(%s,%s,%s);"""try:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()i = cursor.execute(sql, params)conn.commit()return iexcept Exception as e:passfinally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 向车型属性表中插入数据@classmethoddef insertChexingShuxing(cls, paramsList):startTime = timeit.default_timer()sql = """INSERT INTO `vcar_vcyber_com`.`vcar_chexingshuxing`(`chexingshuxingID`,`chexingID`,`shuxingID`,`shuxingName`,`shuxingValue`)VALUES(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s);"""try:conn = cls.getConnection()cursor = conn.cursor()# print(paramsList)res = cursor.executemany(sql, paramsList)conn.commit()endTime = timeit.default_timer()print("insertChexingShuxingCastTime------------------------>:%s" % str(endTime - startTime))except Exception as e:print(e)cls.errorCount += 1filename = "/Users/guohan/DeskTop/mySqlError.txt"error = cls.errorModel % (cls.errorCount, "MySqlUtils", "insertChexingShuxing", str(e))with open(filename, 'a') as f: # 'a'表示append,即在原来文件内容后继续写数据（不清楚原有数据）f.write(error)f.flush()f.close()finally:conn.close()cursor.close()# 查询已爬取过配置的车型id@classmethoddef queryExistChexingIds(cls):sql = """ SELECT distinct(t.chexingID) FROM vcar_vcyber_com.vcar_chexingshuxing t """try:# 获取数据连接conn = cls.getConnection()# 获取查询游标cursor = conn.cursor()# 执行# print(itemList)cursor.execute(sql)# 提交conn.commit()res = cursor.fetchall()return resexcept Exception as e:print(e)finally:cursor.close()conn.close()# 将上一个查询车型id方法返回值转换为list@classmethoddef parseChexingIdTupeListToSet(cls, res):chexingIdSet = set()for item in res:chexingIdSet.add(item[0])print(chexingIdSet)return chexingIdSet#
# my = MySqlUtils()
# res=my.queryExistChexingId()
# my.parseChexingIdTupeListToSet(res)
# name="基本参数"
# typeDict=my.queryShuxingType()
# keys=typeDict.keys()
# # for key in keys:
# # print(key,typeDict[key])
# shuxingDict=my.queryShuxing()
# shuxingKeys=shuxingDict.keys()
# for key in shuxingKeys:
# print(key,shuxingDict[key])
# typeDic=MySqlUtils.queryShuxingType()
# print(typeDic)
# print(MySqlUtils.queryTypeShuxingDic())print('<-------------------start----------------->')
sc = ConfigSpider()
sc.process()Python 爬虫实战 汽车某家(四) 车型配置相关推荐
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