系统信息

安装wsl2官网安装WSL2
使用的是WSL2

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/$ uname -r
5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2
rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal

安装rpm

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$  apt install rpm
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?

这里应该是需要以超级管理员的方式来执行这个命令吧

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$ sudo apt install rpm
[sudo] password for rookie:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package rpm is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another sourceE: Package 'rpm' has no installation candidate

换源

如果发现很多东西无法下载，都是一样的问题，可能需要尝试换源
换源资源
要根据自己的Linux版本来选择

备份默认文件：

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/mysources.list

更新软件列表和升级,检测出可以更新的软件

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$ sudo apt update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages [1069 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [108 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages [970 kB]
Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main Translation-en [197 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 c-n-f Metadata [9096 B]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages [566 kB]
Get:10 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted Translation-en [80.9 kB]
Get:11 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 c-n-f Metadata [528 B]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 Packages [668 kB]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe Translation-en [112 kB]
Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 c-n-f Metadata [13.0 kB]
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [21.9 kB]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse Translation-en [4948 B]
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [540 B]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main Translation-en [506 kB]
...........
rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:distro-info libatasmart4 libblockdev-crypto2 libblockdev-fs2 libblockdev-loop2 libblockdev-part-err2 libblockdev-part2 libblockdev-swap2 libblockdev-utils2 libblockdev2 libjcat1 libllvm12 libnspr4 libnss3 libparted-fs-resize0libudisks2-0 libvolume-key1 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-xfixes0 motd-news-config python3-pexpect python3-ptyprocess udisks2
The following packages will be upgraded:accountsservice alsa-ucm-conf apparmor apport apt apt-utils base-files bash bcache-tools bind9-dnsutils bind9-host bind9-libs bolt bsdutils busybox-initramfs busybox-static ca-certificates cloud-init cloud-initramfs-copymodscloud-initramfs-dyn-netconf command-not-found cpio cryptsetup cryptsetup-bin cryptsetup-initramfs cryptsetup-run curl dbus dbus-user-session dbus-x11 dirmngr distro-info-data fdisk finalrd friendly-recovery fwupd fwupd-signedgcc-10-base gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 git git-man glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gnupg gnupg-l10n gnupg-utils gpg gpg-agent gpg-wks-client gpg-wks-server gpgconf gpgsm gpgvinitramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initramfs-tools-core isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common krb5-locales landscape-common language-selector-common less libaccountsservice0 libapparmor1 libapt-pkg6.0 libasound2 libasound2-data libblkid1libbrotli1 libc-bin libc6 libcryptsetup12 libcurl3-gnutls libcurl4 libdbus-1-3 libdns-export1109 libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libefiboot1 libefivar1 libfdisk1 libfreetype6libfwupd2 libfwupdplugin1 libgcc-s1 libgcrypt20 libgirepository-1.0-1 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libgnutls30 libgssapi-krb5-2 libhogweed5 libicu66libisc-export1105 libjson-c4 libk5crypto3 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common liblz4-1 liblzma5 libmaxminddb0 libmount1 libnetplan0 libnettle7 libnss-systemd libntfs-3g883 libp11-kit0 libpackagekit-glib2-18libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam-systemd libpam0g libparted2 libpci3 libperl5.30 libplymouth5 libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-gobject-1-0 libprocps8 libproxy1v5 libpulse0 libpulsedsp libpython3.8libpython3.8-minimal libpython3.8-stdlib libseccomp2 libsmartcols1 libsndfile1 libsqlite3-0 libssh-4 libssl1.1 libstdc++6 libsystemd0 libtdb1 libudev1 libuuid1 libuv1 libx11-6 libx11-data libx11-xcb1 libxml2 libxmlb1 libzstd1linux-base locales login lshw lsof lz4 mdadm mesa-vulkan-drivers mount netplan.io networkd-dispatcher ntfs-3g open-iscsi open-vm-tools openssh-client openssh-server openssh-sftp-server openssl overlayroot packagekit packagekit-toolsparted passwd pciutils perl perl-base perl-modules-5.30 plymouth plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text policykit-1 pollinate procps pulseaudio-utils python-apt-common python3-apport python3-apt python3-commandnotfound python3-cryptographypython3-distupgrade python3-distutils python3-gdbm python3-lib2to3 python3-problem-report python3-requests python3-software-properties python3-twisted python3-twisted-bin python3-update-manager python3-urllib3 python3-yaml python3.8python3.8-minimal rsync rsyslog screen show-motd snapd software-properties-common sosreport squashfs-tools strace sudo systemd systemd-sysv systemd-timesyncd tar tmux tzdata ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-keyring ubuntu-minimalubuntu-release-upgrader-core ubuntu-server ubuntu-standard ubuntu-wsl udev ufw unattended-upgrades update-manager-core update-motd update-notifier-common util-linux uuid-runtime vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny wget wslu xxdxz-utils zlib1g
251 upgraded, 23 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 159 MB of archives.
After this operation, 209 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-server amd64 1.450.2 [2680 B]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 show-motd all 3.6-0ubuntu6.1 [2304 B]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu foca
..........

安装rpm

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$ sudo apt install rpm
Selecting previously unselected package libdw1:amd64.
(Reading database ... 32294 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-libdw1_0.176-1.1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libdw1:amd64 (0.176-1.1build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package liblua5.2-0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../1-liblua5.2-0_5.2.4-1.1build3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking liblua5.2-0:amd64 (5.2.4-1.1build3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package librpmio8.
Preparing to unpack .../2-librpmio8_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking librpmio8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package debugedit.
Preparing to unpack .../3-debugedit_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking debugedit (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package librpm8.
Preparing to unpack .../4-librpm8_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking librpm8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package librpmbuild8.
Preparing to unpack .../5-librpmbuild8_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking librpmbuild8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package librpmsign8.
Preparing to unpack .../6-librpmsign8_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking librpmsign8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rpm-common.
Preparing to unpack .../7-rpm-common_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking rpm-common (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rpm2cpio.
Preparing to unpack .../8-rpm2cpio_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking rpm2cpio (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package rpm.
Preparing to unpack .../9-rpm_4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking rpm (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up libdw1:amd64 (0.176-1.1build1) ...
Setting up liblua5.2-0:amd64 (5.2.4-1.1build3) ...
Setting up librpmio8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up librpm8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up rpm-common (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up librpmbuild8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up librpmsign8 (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up debugedit (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up rpm2cpio (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Setting up rpm (4.14.2.1+dfsg1-1build2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

安装gedit

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$ sudo apt install gedit

安装docker

官网Ubuntu安装docker教程

安装方法：官网给了三种方式
您可以根据需要以不同方式安装 Docker Engine：
1.大多数用户设置 Docker 的存储库并从中安装，以便于安装和升级任务。这是推荐的方法。
2.一些用户下载 DEB 包并手动安装并完全手动管理升级。这在某些情况下非常有用，例如在无法访问互联网的气隙系统上安装 Docker。
3.在测试和开发环境中，部分用户选择使用自动化便捷脚本来安装Docker。

使用存储库安装

1、设置存储库

更新apt包索引并安装包以允许apt通过 HTTPS 使用存储库：

sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install \ca-certificates \curl \gnupg \lsb-release

添加Docker官方的GPG密钥：

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

使用以下命令设置稳定存储库。要添加夜间或测试存储库，请在以下命令中的单词后添加单词nightly或test（或两者）stable。了解nightly和test频道。

echo \"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

2、安装 Docker 引擎

更新apt包索引，安装最新版本的Docker Engine和containerd，或者到下一步安装特定版本：

 sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

要安装特定版本的 Docker Engine，请在 repo 中列出可用版本，然后选择并安装：
列出您的存储库中可用的版本：

apt-cache madison docker-ce

通过运行hello-world 映像验证 Docker Engine 是否已正确安装。

 sudo docker run hello-world

这就是成功了

查看docker版本

一开始不加sudo时出现“Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?”

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/opt$ docker version
Client: Docker Engine - CommunityVersion:           20.10.12API version:       1.41Go version:        go1.16.12Git commit:        e91ed57Built:             Mon Dec 13 11:45:33 2021OS/Arch:           linux/amd64Context:           defaultExperimental:      true
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

解决：
1.先看docker daemon是否在运行。这里其实目前我还看不懂是不是在运行，但是之后的操作的结果和这里不一样
ps aux | grep docker

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/etc$ ps aux | grep docker
rookie    1421  0.0  0.0   8164   672 pts/0    S+   14:27   0:00 grep --color=auto docker

2.docker deamon正在运行，则停止docker服务，再启动

sudo service docker stopps aux | grep dockersudo service docker start

很明显，重新启动就不一样了

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/etc$ ps aux | grep docker
root      1495  4.7  0.6 1753080 85508 ?       Sl   14:29   0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -p /var/run/docker.pid
root      1508  2.2  0.3 1640264 46912 ?       Ssl  14:29   0:00 containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml --log-level info
rookie    1612  0.0  0.0   8164   672 pts/0    S+   14:29   0:00 grep --color=auto docker

我这里要以超级管理员的方式执行才可以也就是加上sudo ,不然就会出现下图的问题

rookie@DESKTOP-N41VUO8:/etc$ sudo docker version
Client: Docker Engine - CommunityVersion:           20.10.12API version:       1.41Go version:        go1.16.12Git commit:        e91ed57Built:             Mon Dec 13 11:45:33 2021OS/Arch:           linux/amd64Context:           defaultExperimental:      trueServer: Docker Engine - CommunityEngine:Version:          20.10.12API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)Go version:       go1.16.12Git commit:       459d0dfBuilt:            Mon Dec 13 11:43:42 2021OS/Arch:          linux/amd64Experimental:     falsecontainerd:Version:          1.4.12GitCommit:        7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5drunc:Version:          1.0.2GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2docker-init:Version:          0.19.0GitCommit:        de40ad0

apt-get install -y

就是在安装指定包时，程序会询问是否继续时，要求用户输入的y/n的y

tee

tee命令用于读取标准输入的数据，并将其内容输出成文件。
tee指令会从标准输入设备读取数据，将其内容输出到标准输出设备，同时保存成文件。

tee [-ai][--help][--version][文件...]
参数：
-a或--append 　附加到既有文件的后面，而非覆盖它．
-i或--ignore-interrupts 　忽略中断信号。
--help 　在线帮助。
--version 　显示版本信息。

VMware 下的Ubuntu

查看开放端口：

sudo ufw status

允许80端口开放：

sudo ufw allow 80

允许22端口开放：

sudo ufw allow 22

删除端口

sudo ufw delete allow 8080

启动防火墙：

sudo ufw enable

关闭防火墙

ufw disable

重启防火墙使端口配置生效：

sudo ufw reload

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