在网上找了一段时间，发现有两个版本的

1，使用aspose.pdf，这篇文章写得很清楚https://blog.csdn.net/da_keng/article/details/65633498，我稍微改了一下，可以替换多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) {

String srcPath = "E:\\CA\\入职合同模版样例.pdf";

String targetPath = "E:\\CA\\out.pdf";

Map map = new HashMap();

map.put("[$合同编号$]", "ZR-20181009-00000164");

map.put("[$乙方姓名$]", "TroubleA");

map.put("[$签字日期$]", "2018/10/10 11:24:30");

test(srcPath, targetPath, map);

}

public static void test(String srcPath, String targetPath, Map map){

InputStream license = Main.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("\\license.xml");

try {

new License().setLicense(license);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

Document pdfDoc = new Document(srcPath);

for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {

System.out.println("Key = " + entry.getKey() + ", Value = " + entry.getValue());

TextFragmentAbsorber textFragmentAbsorber = new TextFragmentAbsorber(entry.getKey());

PageCollection pages = pdfDoc.getPages();

System.out.println("文档总页码数："+pages.size());

pages.accept(textFragmentAbsorber);

int i = 0;

for (TextFragment textFragment :(Iterable) textFragmentAbsorber.getTextFragments()) {

textFragment.setText(entry.getValue());

textFragment.getTextState().setBackgroundColor(com.aspose.pdf.Color.getRed()); //添加红色背景

System.out.println(++i);

}

}

pdfDoc.save(targetPath);

}

2，像这位链接中的大佬一样，https://blog.csdn.net/sishenkankan/article/details/53107195，使用具体的java代码去寻找x,y的位置然后画一个白板覆盖再重新写上需要替换的文字，有以下两个缺点，

a)当需要替换的文字不在一个TextRenderInfo里面，无法找到比较长的需要替换的

b)当pdf包含有多页的时候，不方便具体的控制替换到哪一页

所以我又百度了一个能够定位pdf中需要替换的文字位置的方法，https://blog.csdn.net/sdizoea/article/details/75105798，像文中大佬一样直接定位然后解决了文字不在一个块中时查找的麻烦，贴一下所有的代码，一共有6个类，

package com.sinosoft.lis.utils;

import com.itextpdf.text.BaseColor;

import com.itextpdf.text.DocumentException;

import com.itextpdf.text.Font;

import com.itextpdf.text.log.Logger;

import com.itextpdf.text.log.LoggerFactory;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.BaseFont;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfContentByte;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfReader;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfStamper;

import java.io.*;

import java.net.URLDecoder;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import java.util.Set;

/**

* 替换PDF文件某个区域内的文本

*/

public class PdfReplacer {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PdfReplacer.class);

private int fontSize;

private Map replaceRegionMap = new HashMap();

private Map replaceTextMap =new HashMap();

private ByteArrayOutputStream output;

private PdfReader reader;

private PdfStamper stamper;

private PdfContentByte canvas;

private Font font;

public PdfReplacer(byte[] pdfBytes) throws DocumentException, IOException{

init(pdfBytes);

}

public PdfReplacer(String fileName) throws IOException, DocumentException{

FileInputStream in = null;

try{

in =new FileInputStream(fileName);

byte[] pdfBytes = new byte[in.available()];

in.read(pdfBytes);

init(pdfBytes);

}finally{

in.close();

}

}

private void init(byte[] pdfBytes) throws DocumentException, IOException{

logger.info("初始化开始");

reader = new PdfReader(pdfBytes);

output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

stamper = new PdfStamper(reader, output);

canvas = stamper.getOverContent(1);

setFont(10);

logger.info("初始化成功");

}

private void close() throws DocumentException, IOException{

if(reader != null){

reader.close();

}

if(output != null){

output.close();

}

output=null;

replaceRegionMap=null;

replaceTextMap=null;

}

public void replaceText(float x, float y, float w,float h, String text){

ReplaceRegion region = new ReplaceRegion(text); //用文本作为别名

region.setH(h);

region.setW(w);

region.setX(x);

region.setY(y);

addReplaceRegion(region);

this.replaceText(text, text);

}

public void replaceText(String name, String text){

this.replaceTextMap.put(name, text);

}

/**

* 替换文本

* @throws IOException

* @throws DocumentException

*/

private void process() throws DocumentException, IOException{

try{

parseReplaceText();

canvas.saveState();

Set> entrys = replaceRegionMap.entrySet();

for (Entry entry : entrys) {

ReplaceRegion value = entry.getValue();

canvas.setColorFill(BaseColor.RED);

canvas.rectangle(value.getX(),value.getY(),value.getW(),value.getH());

}

canvas.fill();

canvas.restoreState();

//开始写入文本

canvas.beginText();

for (Entry entry : entrys) {

ReplaceRegion value = entry.getValue();

//设置字体

canvas.setFontAndSize(font.getBaseFont(), getFontSize());

canvas.setTextMatrix(value.getX(),value.getY()+2/*修正背景与文本的相对位置*/);

canvas.showText((String) replaceTextMap.get(value.getAliasName()));

}

canvas.endText();

}finally{

if(stamper != null){

stamper.close();

}

}

}

/**

* 未指定具体的替换位置时，系统自动查找位置

*/

private void parseReplaceText() {

PdfPositionParse parse = new PdfPositionParse(reader);

Set> entrys = this.replaceTextMap.entrySet();

for (Entry entry : entrys) {

if(this.replaceRegionMap.get(entry.getKey()) == null){

parse.addFindText(entry.getKey());

}

}

try {

Map parseResult = parse.parse();

Set> parseEntrys = parseResult.entrySet();

for (Entry entry : parseEntrys) {

if(entry.getValue() != null){

this.replaceRegionMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());

}

}

} catch (IOException e) {

logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);

}

}

/**

* 生成新的PDF文件

* @param fileName

* @throws DocumentException

* @throws IOException

*/

public void toPdf(String fileName) throws DocumentException, IOException{

FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;

try{

process();

fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileName);

fileOutputStream.write(output.toByteArray());

fileOutputStream.flush();

}catch(IOException e){

logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);

throw e;

}finally{

if(fileOutputStream != null){

fileOutputStream.close();

}

close();

}

logger.info("文件生成成功");

}

/**

* 将生成的PDF文件转换成二进制数组

* @return

* @throws DocumentException

* @throws IOException

*/

public byte[] toBytes() throws DocumentException, IOException{

try{

process();

logger.info("二进制数据生成成功");

return output.toByteArray();

}finally{

close();

}

}

/**

* 添加替换区域

* @param replaceRegion

*/

public void addReplaceRegion(ReplaceRegion replaceRegion){

this.replaceRegionMap.put(replaceRegion.getAliasName(), replaceRegion);

}

/**

* 通过别名得到替换区域

* @param aliasName

* @return

*/

public ReplaceRegion getReplaceRegion(String aliasName){

return this.replaceRegionMap.get(aliasName);

}

public int getFontSize() {

return fontSize;

}

/**

* 设置字体大小

* @param fontSize

* @throws DocumentException

* @throws IOException

*/

public void setFont(int fontSize) throws DocumentException, IOException{

if(fontSize != this.fontSize){

this.fontSize = fontSize;

BaseFont bf = BaseFont.createFont("STSong-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", BaseFont.EMBEDDED);

font = new Font(bf,this.fontSize,Font.BOLD);

}

}

public void setFont(Font font){

if(font == null){

throw new NullPointerException("font is null");

}

this.font = font;

}

public void manipulatePdf1(String src, String dest, Map replaceTextMap) throws Exception {

PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(src);

PdfStamper stamper = new PdfStamper(reader, new FileOutputStream(dest));

for (String key : replaceTextMap.keySet()) {

float x, y;

int pageNum;

List list = MatchItem.matchPage(src, key);

logger.info(list.toString());

for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {

x = list.get(i).getX();

y = list.get(i).getY();

pageNum = list.get(i).getPageNum();

logger.info("字段：" + key + " 定位至 第 " + pageNum + " 页 x:" + x + "---y:" + y);

PdfContentByte canvas = stamper.getOverContent(pageNum);

BaseFont bf = BaseFont.createFont(

URLDecoder.decode(PdfReplacer.class.getResource("/fonts/adobesongstd-light.otf").getFile()),

BaseFont.IDENTITY_H, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);

Font font = new Font(bf, 10, Font.BOLD);

// 设置字体和大小

canvas.setFontAndSize(font.getBaseFont(), 12);

canvas.saveState();

canvas.setColorFill(BaseColor.RED);

canvas.rectangle(x, y + 1, 85, 13);

canvas.fill();

canvas.restoreState();

// 开始写入文本

canvas.beginText();

// 设置字体的输出位置

canvas.setTextMatrix(x, y + 2);

// 要输出的text

canvas.showText(replaceTextMap.get(key));

canvas.endText();

}

}

stamper.close();

reader.close();

}

public PdfReplacer() {

}

/**

* 测试使用主方法

*/

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String SRC = "E:\\CA\\入职合同模版样例.pdf";

String DEST = "E:\\CA\\out.pdf";

Map replaceMap = new HashMap<>();

replaceMap.put("[$合同编号$]", "ZR-20181009-00000164");

replaceMap.put("[$乙方姓名$]", "TroubleA");

replaceMap.put("[$签字日期$]", "2018/10/10 11:24:30");

replaceMap.put("[$终止日期$]", "2018/10/10 end");

File file = new File(DEST);

if (!outFile.getParentFile().exists()) {

outFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();

}

new PdfReplacer().manipulatePdf1(SRC, DEST, replaceMap);

}

}

package com.sinosoft.lis.utils;

/**

* 需要替换的区域

*/

public class ReplaceRegion {

private String aliasName;

private Float x;

private Float y;

private Float w = 12f;

private Float h = 2f;

private int PageSize;

public ReplaceRegion(String aliasName) {

this.aliasName = aliasName;

}

public int getPageSize() {

return PageSize;

}

public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {

PageSize = pageSize;

}

/**

* 替换区域的别名

*/

public String getAliasName() {

return aliasName;

}

public void setAliasName(String aliasName) {

this.aliasName = aliasName;

}

public Float getX() {

return x;

}

public void setX(Float x) {

this.x = x;

}

public Float getY() {

return y;

}

public void setY(Float y) {

this.y = y;

}

public Float getW() {

return w;

}

public void setW(Float w) {

this.w = w;

}

public Float getH() {

return h;

}

public void setH(Float h) {

this.h = h;

}

}

package com.sinosoft.lis.utils;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfReader;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.PdfReaderContentParser;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* 解析PDF中文本的x,y位置

*/

public class PdfPositionParse {

private PdfReader reader;

private List findText = new ArrayList();//需要查找的文本

private PdfReaderContentParser parser;

public PdfPositionParse(String fileName) throws IOException{

FileInputStream in = null;

try{

in =new FileInputStream(fileName);

byte[] bytes = new byte[in.available()];

in.read(bytes);

init(bytes);

}finally{

in.close();

}

}

public PdfPositionParse(byte[] bytes) throws IOException{

init(bytes);

}

private boolean needClose = true;

/**

* 传递进来的reader不会在PdfPositionParse结束时关闭

* @param reader

*/

public PdfPositionParse(PdfReader reader){

this.reader = reader;

parser = new PdfReaderContentParser(reader);

needClose = false;

}

public void addFindText(String text){

this.findText.add(text);

}

private void init(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {

reader = new PdfReader(bytes);

parser = new PdfReaderContentParser(reader);

}

/**

* 解析文本

* @throws IOException

*/

public Map parse() throws IOException{

try{

if(this.findText.size() == 0){

throw new NullPointerException("没有需要查找的文本");

}

PositionRenderListener listener = new PositionRenderListener(this.findText);

parser.processContent(6, listener);

return listener.getResult();

}finally{

if(reader != null && needClose){

reader.close();

}

}

}

}

package com.sinosoft.lis.utils;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.ImageRenderInfo;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.RenderListener;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.TextRenderInfo;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* pdf渲染监听,当找到渲染的文本时，得到文本的坐标x,y,w,h

*/

public class PositionRenderListener implements RenderListener{

private List findText;

private float defaultH;///出现无法取到值的情况，默认为12

private float fixHeight;//可能出现无法完全覆盖的情况，提供修正的参数，默认为2

public PositionRenderListener(List findText, float defaultH,float fixHeight) {

this.findText = findText;

this.defaultH = defaultH;

this.fixHeight = fixHeight;

}

public PositionRenderListener(List findText) {

this.findText = findText;

this.defaultH = 12;

this.fixHeight = -1;

}

@Override

public void beginTextBlock() {

}

@Override

public void endTextBlock() {

}

@Override

public void renderImage(ImageRenderInfo imageInfo) {

}

private Map result = new HashMap();

@Override

public void renderText(TextRenderInfo textInfo) {

}

public Map getResult() {

for (String key : findText) {//补充没有找到的数据

if(this.result.get(key) == null){

this.result.put(key, null);

}

}

return this.result;

}

}

还有用来替换寻找x，y位置的两个类

package com.sinosoft.lis.utils;

import com.itextpdf.text.Rectangle;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfReader;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.PdfReaderContentParser;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import static com.sinosoft.lis.utils.KeyWordPositionListener.findKeywordItems;

/**

* 用来保存关键字新建的对象

*/

public class MatchItem {

private Integer pageNum;

private Float x;

private Float y;

private Float pageWidth;

private Float pageHeight;

private String content;

public Integer getPageNum() {

return pageNum;

}

public void setPageNum(Integer pageNum) {

this.pageNum = pageNum;

}

public Float getX() {

return x;

}

public void setX(Float x) {

this.x = x;

}

public Float getY() {

return y;

}

public void setY(Float y) {

this.y = y;

}

public Float getPageWidth() {

return pageWidth;

}

public void setPageWidth(Float pageWidth) {

this.pageWidth = pageWidth;

}

public Float getPageHeight() {

return pageHeight;

}

public void setPageHeight(Float pageHeight) {

this.pageHeight = pageHeight;

}

public String getContent() {

return content;

}

public void setContent(String content) {

this.content = content;

}

public String toString() {

return "MatchItem [pageNum=" + pageNum + ", x=" + x + ", y=" + y

+ ", pageWidth=" + pageWidth + ", pageHeight=" + pageHeight

+ ", content=" + content + "]";

}

public MatchItem(String content) {

this.content = content;

}

public MatchItem() {

}

public static List matchPage(String fileName, String keyword) throws Exception {

List items = new ArrayList();

PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(fileName);

int pageSize = reader.getNumberOfPages();

for (int page = 1; page <= pageSize; page++) {

items.addAll(matchPage(reader, page, keyword));

}

return items;

}

public static List matchPage(PdfReader reader, Integer pageNumber, String keyword) throws Exception {

KeyWordPositionListener renderListener = new KeyWordPositionListener();

renderListener.setKeyword(keyword);

PdfReaderContentParser parse = new PdfReaderContentParser(reader);

Rectangle rectangle = reader.getPageSize(pageNumber);

renderListener.setPageNumber(pageNumber);

renderListener.setCurPageSize(rectangle);

parse.processContent(pageNumber, renderListener);

return findKeywordItems(renderListener, keyword);

}

}

package com.sinosoft.lis.utils;

import com.itextpdf.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;

import com.itextpdf.text.Rectangle;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.ImageRenderInfo;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.RenderListener;

import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.parser.TextRenderInfo;

import com.sinosoft.lis.comm.PubFun;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

/**

* Created by Administrator on 2018/10/9.

*/

public class KeyWordPositionListener implements RenderListener {

private List matches = new ArrayList();

private List allItems = new ArrayList();

private Rectangle curPageSize;

/**

* 匹配的关键字

*/

private String keyword;

/**

* 匹配的当前页

*/

private Integer pageNumber;

public void beginTextBlock() {

//do nothing

}

public void renderText(TextRenderInfo renderInfo) {

String content = renderInfo.getText();

content = content.replace("

.replace(">", "").replace("》", "").replace(")", "").replace(")", "").replace("、", "").replace(".", "")

.replace("：", "").replace(":", "").replace(" ", "");

Rectangle2D.Float textRectangle = renderInfo.getDescentLine().getBoundingRectange();

MatchItem item = new MatchItem();

item.setContent(content);

item.setPageNum(pageNumber);

item.setPageWidth(curPageSize.getWidth());

item.setPageHeight(curPageSize.getHeight());

item.setX((float)textRectangle.getX());

item.setY((float)textRectangle.getY());

if(!PubFun.isEmpty(content)){

if(content.equalsIgnoreCase(keyword)) {

matches.add(item);

}

}else{

item.setContent("空字符串");

}

allItems.add(item);//先保存所有的项

}

public void endTextBlock() {

//do nothing

}

public void renderImage(ImageRenderInfo renderInfo) {

//do nothing

}

/**

* 设置需要匹配的当前页

* @param pageNumber

*/

public void setPageNumber(Integer pageNumber) {

this.pageNumber = pageNumber;

}

/**

* 设置需要匹配的关键字，忽略大小写

* @param keyword

*/

public void setKeyword(String keyword) {

this.keyword = keyword;

}

/**

* 返回匹配的结果列表

* @return

*/

public List getMatches() {

return matches;

}

void setCurPageSize(Rectangle rect) {

this.curPageSize = rect;

}

public List getAllItems() {

return allItems;

}

public void setAllItems(List allItems) {

this.allItems = allItems;

}

public static List findKeywordItems(KeyWordPositionListener renderListener,String keyword){

//先判断本页中是否存在关键词

List allItems = renderListener.getAllItems();//所有块LIST

StringBuffer sbtemp = new StringBuffer("");

for(MatchItem item : allItems){//将一页中所有的块内容连接起来组成一个字符串。

sbtemp.append(item.getContent());

}

if(sbtemp.toString().indexOf(keyword) == -1){//一页组成的字符串没有关键词，直接return

return renderListener.getMatches();

}

//第一种情况：关键词与块内容完全匹配的项

List matches = renderListener.getMatches();

//第二种情况：多个块内容拼成一个关键词，则一个一个来匹配，组装成一个关键词

sbtemp = new StringBuffer("");

List tempItems = new ArrayList();

for(MatchItem item : allItems){

//1，关键词中存在某块 2，拼装的连续的块=关键词 3，避开某个块完全匹配关键词

//关键词 中国移动 而块为 中 ，国，移动

//关键词 中华人民 而块为中，华人民共和国 这种情况解决不了，也不允许存在

if(keyword.indexOf(item.getContent()) != -1 && !keyword.equals(item.getContent())){

tempItems.add(item);

sbtemp.append(item.getContent());

if(keyword.indexOf(sbtemp.toString()) == -1){//如果暂存的字符串和关键词 不再匹配时

sbtemp = new StringBuffer(item.getContent());

tempItems.clear();

tempItems.add(item);

}

if(sbtemp.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(keyword)){//暂存的字符串正好匹配到关键词时

MatchItem tmpitem = getRightItem(tempItems, keyword);

if(tmpitem != null){

matches.add(tmpitem);//得到匹配的项

}

sbtemp = new StringBuffer("");//清空暂存的字符串

tempItems.clear();//清空暂存的LIST

continue;//继续查找

}

}else{//如果找不到则清空

sbtemp = new StringBuffer("");

tempItems.clear();

}

}

//第三种情况：关键词存在块中

for(MatchItem item : allItems){

if(item.getContent().indexOf(keyword) != -1 && !keyword.equals(item.getContent())){

matches.add(item);

}

}

return matches;

}

public static MatchItem getRightItem(List tempItems,String keyword){

for(MatchItem item:tempItems){

if(keyword.indexOf(item.getContent()) != -1 && !keyword.equals(item.getContent())){

return item;

}

} return null;

}

public KeyWordPositionListener() {

}

}

注：由于我的需求是替换文中的固定字段，并且字段长度是我这边控制的都是4个字，所以我固定了85宽度以及15高度的一个红色图片，在查找到文字的x，y位置以后，直接将该图片覆盖到pdf中，然后再到图片上重新写字