C++获取Windows音频设备列表

一、注意事项

1、获取音频设备需要调用CoInitialize以及CoUninitialize。

2、由于C++没有finally关键字，代码中的CUSTOM_FINALLY为自定义宏，是为了实现类似try...catch...finally的效果，本身没有什么意义：

//定义空宏，处理finally
#ifndef CUSTOM_FINALLY
#define CUSTOM_FINALLY
#endif // CUSTOM_FINALLY

3、打印日志宏：

#define PNTLOG(format, ...) wprintf(format L"\n", __VA_ARGS__)
#define PNTERR(format, ...) PNTLOG(L"Error: " format, __VA_ARGS__)
#define PNTERRMSG(msg) wprintf(L"Error: %s \n", msg)

4、PKEY_Device_FriendlyName需要引用相应的头文件：

#include <functiondiscoverykeys_devpkey.h>

5、获取扬声器设备使用eRender枚举类型，获取麦克风设备使用eCapture枚举类型。

二、代码

1、获取默认扬声器

（1）获取设备指针

bool GetDefaultDevice(IMMDevice **ppMMDevice)
{bool ret = false;IMMDeviceEnumerator *pMMDeviceEnumerator = nullptr;wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };try{HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator), nullptr, CLSCTX_ALL,__uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator),reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pMMDeviceEnumerator));if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"CoCreateInstance(IMMDeviceEnumerator) failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw std::exception();}// get the default render endpointhr = pMMDeviceEnumerator->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(eRender, eConsole, ppMMDevice);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceEnumerator::GetDefaultAudioEndpoint failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw std::exception();}ret = true;}catch(std::exception&){PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);}//释放资源CUSTOM_FINALLY{if (pMMDeviceEnumerator != nullptr){pMMDeviceEnumerator->Release();}}return ret;
}

（2）获取设备Id和名称

bool GetDefaultDevice(wstring& deviceId, wstring& deviceName)
{IMMDevice* pMMDevice = nullptr;if (!GetDefaultDevice(&pMMDevice)){return false;}bool ret = true;wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };HRESULT hr;IPropertyStore* pPropertyStore = nullptr;PROPVARIANT pv;PropVariantInit(&pv);try{LPWSTR pwszDeviceId = nullptr;hr = pMMDevice->GetId(&pwszDeviceId);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::GetId failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}// open the property store on that devicehr = pMMDevice->OpenPropertyStore(STGM_READ, &pPropertyStore);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}// get the long name propertyhr = pPropertyStore->GetValue(PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &pv);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IPropertyStore::GetValue failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}if (VT_LPWSTR != pv.vt){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"PKEY_Device_FriendlyName variant type is %u - expected VT_LPWSTR", pv.vt);throw;}deviceId = pwszDeviceId;deviceName = pv.pwszVal;}catch (std::exception&){PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);ret = false;}//释放资源CUSTOM_FINALLY{if (pMMDevice != nullptr){pMMDevice->Release();}if (pPropertyStore != nullptr){pPropertyStore->Release();}if (pv.vt != VT_EMPTY){hr = PropVariantClear(&pv);if (FAILED(hr)){PNTERR(L"PropVariantClear failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);ret = false;}}}return ret;
}

2、获取设备列表

bool GetDevices(map<wstring, wstring>& deviceMap)
{deviceMap.clear();bool ret = false;wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };IMMDeviceEnumerator *pMMDeviceEnumerator = nullptr;IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection = nullptr;  try{HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator), nullptr, CLSCTX_ALL,__uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator),reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pMMDeviceEnumerator));if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"CoCreateInstance(IMMDeviceEnumerator) failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw std::exception();}// get all the active render endpointshr = pMMDeviceEnumerator->EnumAudioEndpoints(eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &pMMDeviceCollection);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceEnumerator::EnumAudioEndpoints failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw std::exception();}ret = GetDevices(pMMDeviceCollection, deviceMap);}catch (std::exception&){PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);}//释放资源CUSTOM_FINALLY{if (pMMDeviceEnumerator != nullptr){pMMDeviceEnumerator->Release();}if (pMMDeviceCollection != nullptr){pMMDeviceCollection->Release();}}return ret;
}bool GetDevices(IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection, map<wstring, wstring>& deviceMap)
{bool ret = true;wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };UINT count;HRESULT hr = pMMDeviceCollection->GetCount(&count);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::GetCount failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);return false;}PNTLOG(L"Active render endpoints found: %u", count);for (UINT i = 0; i < count; i++){      IMMDevice *pMMDevice = nullptr;IPropertyStore *pPropertyStore = nullptr;PROPVARIANT pv;PropVariantInit(&pv);try{// get the "n"th devicehr = pMMDeviceCollection->Item(i, &pMMDevice);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::Item failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}LPWSTR pwszDeviceId = nullptr;hr = pMMDevice->GetId(&pwszDeviceId);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::GetId failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}// open the property store on that devicehr = pMMDevice->OpenPropertyStore(STGM_READ, &pPropertyStore);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}// get the long name propertyhr = pPropertyStore->GetValue(PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &pv);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IPropertyStore::GetValue failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}if (VT_LPWSTR != pv.vt){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"PKEY_Device_FriendlyName variant type is %u - expected VT_LPWSTR", pv.vt);throw;}deviceMap[pwszDeviceId] = pv.pwszVal;PNTLOG(L"    %ls", pv.pwszVal);}catch (std::exception&){PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);ret = false;}//释放资源CUSTOM_FINALLY{if (pMMDevice != nullptr){pMMDevice->Release();}if (pPropertyStore != nullptr){pPropertyStore->Release();}if (pv.vt != VT_EMPTY){hr = PropVariantClear(&pv);if (FAILED(hr)){PNTERR(L"PropVariantClear failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);ret = false;}}}//出现异常if (!ret){break;}}return ret;
}

3、获取指定设备

bool GetSpecificDevice(LPCWSTR pwszLongName, IMMDevice **ppMMDevice)
{bool ret = false;wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };IMMDeviceEnumerator *pMMDeviceEnumerator = nullptr;IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection = nullptr;*ppMMDevice = nullptr;try{HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(__uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator), nullptr, CLSCTX_ALL,__uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator),reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pMMDeviceEnumerator));if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"CoCreateInstance(IMMDeviceEnumerator) failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw std::exception();}// get all the active render endpointshr = pMMDeviceEnumerator->EnumAudioEndpoints(eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &pMMDeviceCollection);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceEnumerator::EnumAudioEndpoints failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw std::exception();}ret = GetSpecificDevice(pMMDeviceCollection, pwszLongName, ppMMDevice);}catch (std::exception&){PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);}//释放资源CUSTOM_FINALLY{if (pMMDeviceEnumerator != nullptr){pMMDeviceEnumerator->Release();}if (pMMDeviceCollection != nullptr){pMMDeviceCollection->Release();}}return ret;
}bool GetSpecificDevice(IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection, LPCWSTR pwszLongName, IMMDevice **ppMMDevice)
{bool ret = true;wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };UINT count;HRESULT hr = pMMDeviceCollection->GetCount(&count);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::GetCount failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);return false;}PNTLOG(L"Active render endpoints found: %u", count);for (UINT i = 0; i < count; i++){IMMDevice *pMMDevice = nullptr;IPropertyStore *pPropertyStore = nullptr;PROPVARIANT pv;PropVariantInit(&pv);try{// get the "n"th devicehr = pMMDeviceCollection->Item(i, &pMMDevice);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::Item failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}// open the property store on that devicehr = pMMDevice->OpenPropertyStore(STGM_READ, &pPropertyStore);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}// get the long name propertyhr = pPropertyStore->GetValue(PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &pv);if (FAILED(hr)){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IPropertyStore::GetValue failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);throw;}if (VT_LPWSTR != pv.vt){wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"PKEY_Device_FriendlyName variant type is %u - expected VT_LPWSTR", pv.vt);throw;}// is it a match?if (0 == _wcsicmp(pv.pwszVal, pwszLongName)){// did we already find it?if (nullptr == *ppMMDevice){*ppMMDevice = pMMDevice;pMMDevice->AddRef();}else{wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"Found (at least) two devices named %ls", pwszLongName);throw;}}}catch (std::exception&){PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);ret = false;}//释放资源CUSTOM_FINALLY{if (pMMDevice != nullptr){pMMDevice->Release();}if (pPropertyStore != nullptr){pPropertyStore->Release();}if (pv.vt != VT_EMPTY){hr = PropVariantClear(&pv);if (FAILED(hr)){PNTERR(L"PropVariantClear failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);ret = false;}}}//出现异常if (!ret){if (*ppMMDevice != nullptr){(*ppMMDevice)->Release();}break;}}if (nullptr == *ppMMDevice){PNTERR(L"Could not find a device named %ls", pwszLongName);}return ret;
}

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